Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:39:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 745.pdf: 779382 bytes, checksum: dedd462fafcc61f05576747bf5e8c2bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-03-11 / This work is inserted in an investigative line, guided by a cognitive learning framework, seeking to understand how speech, in the teaching environment, has impact upon the learning process of students. Using as outline suggested questions from the teacher in participative lectures and the reactions to the students responses, this investigation aimed to answer two questions: a) How does the analysis of the interaction teacher-student in participative lectures enable the identification of possible learning opportunities? b) Which are the variables involved in the process that go from the intentions in teaching practice, to the opportunities of learning offered? To proceed in this analysis, we have sought reference in social-historical psychology authors regarding the caracterization of the thought process and the structure of scientific knowledge ( Petrovsky, 1980; Vygostky, 1993 ); authors who, using as a starting point social-historical psychology, have developed concepts and interpretations on the functions of speech in learning activities ( Scott, 1998; Mercer, 1996; Wegerif et al, 1999 ); authors who deal with forms of relationship in regard to knowledge, as they materialize in the teaching environment ( Edwards, 1997 ). This work is characterized as a descriptive-analytic study of a biology teacher; of qualitative nature, presented in case study format. The data was collected thru means of observation and registry of given lectures as well as an interview with the teacher. Results indicate that the identification of learning opportunities offered by the teacher, by means of interventions, can only be comprehended if articulated to the logics of context ( structure of scientific concepts ) and interaction ( structure of participation, that is, the implied rules that guide the students and teacher s participation in their speech during class). These opportunities sometimes don t correspond to the ones idealized /verbalized by the teacher, as they suffer influence of many variables in the process of materialization in class. Among these are the ones related to the basis of knowledge of the teacher in teaching skills, in terms of knowledge of a specific area as well as in the pedagogic area. A correct articulation between the two types of knowledge can enable a more adequate one between the teacher s interventions and the mental processes necessary to the elaboration of certain scientific knowledge by the students. Beyond that, results also show the utility of theoretical structures, deriving from concepts such as scafolding ( Bruner et al, 1976, apud Scott, 1998 ) for the analysis of concrete situations in teacher-student interaction during participative lectures. / Este trabalho está inserido em uma linha investigava que, pautada em uma abordagem cognitivista da aprendizagem, procura compreender como a fala, nas situações de ensino, têm impacto sobre o processo de aprendizagem dos alunos. Tendo como recorte as questões propostas pelo professor em aulas expositivo-participativas e as suas reações às respostas dos alunos, esta investigação procurou responder a duas questões: a) Como a análise da interação professor-aluno em aula expositivo-participativa possibilita que se identifiquem as oportunidades de aprendizagem oferecidas? b) Quais as variáveis envolvidas no processo que vai das intenções de ensino às oportunidades de aprendizagem oferecidas? Para proceder a esta análise, buscamos referências em: autores da psicologia sócio histórica a respeito da caracterização do processo de pensamento e da estrutura dos conhecimentos científicos((Petrovsky, 1980; Vygotsky, 1993); autores que, tendo como ponto de partida a psicologia sócio-histórica, têm desenvolvido conceitos e interpretações sobre as funções da fala em atividades de aprendizagem (Scott, 1998; Mercer, 1996; Wegerif et al, 1999); autores que tratam das formas de relação com o conhecimento tais como se materializam em sala de aula (Edwards, 1997). Este trabalho caracteriza-se como um estudo analítico-descritivo, de natureza qualitativa, apresentado sob a forma de um estudo de caso de um professor de Biologia. Os dados foram coletados por meio de observação e registro das aulas ministradas e entrevista com o professor. Os resultados indicam que a identificação das oportunidades de aprendizagem oferecidas pelo professor por meio de suas intervenções só podem ser compreendidas se articuladas as lógicas do conteúdo (estrutura dos conceitos científicos) e da interação (estrutura da participação, ou seja, as regras implícitas que regem a participação de alunos e professor no discurso em sala de aula). Estas oportunidades, muitas vezes, não correspondem àquelas idealizadas/ verbalizadas pelo professor pois, em seu processo de materialização em sala de aula, sofrem a influência de muitas variáveis, dentre elas as relacionadas à base de conhecimentos do professor para o ensino , tanto em termos de conhecimentos do âmbito específico, quanto do âmbito pedagógico. Uma correta articulação entre estes dois tipos de conhecimento podem levar a uma adequada articulação entre as intervenções do professor e os processos mentais que são necessários à elaboração de determinados conhecimentos científicos pelos alunos. Além disso, os resultados também demonstram a proficuidade de construções teóricas oriundas de conceitos como scafolding (Bruner et al, 1976, apud Scott, 1998) para a análise de situações concretas de interação professor-alunos em aulas expositivo-participativas.

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo estudar práticas de professores de língua portuguesa para o ensino de leitura literária em turmas de 5ª série/6º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Para tanto, optou-se por investigar tais práticas em duas escolas da zona oeste da cidade de São Paulo, ambas de grande porte e que atendem aos níveis de Ensino Fundamental e Médio. A primeira parte da pesquisa consistiu em abordar os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais do Terceiro e Quarto Ciclos do Ensino Fundamental de Língua Portuguesa (BRASIL, 1998b) e a Proposta Curricular do Estado de São Paulo: Língua Portuguesa (SÃO PAULO, 2008a) para investigar os discursos oficiais quanto ao ensino e à formação de leitores de literatura. A segunda parte da pesquisa correspondeu ao estudo de tipo etnográfico: ao longo de dois semestres letivos 2º semestre de 2010 e 1º semestre de 2011 , foi feita observação participativa nas duas escolas a fim de acompanhar as práticas dos professores e o modo como ensinam os alunos a ler textos literários na escola. Para melhor entender as situações de ensino, foram feitas entrevistas com as professoras na terceira parte da pesquisa, e a análise final se deu com a aproximação entre os dados da observação da pesquisadora e o discurso das docentes. Como resultado, depreende-se que, apesar das diferentes estratégias empregadas pelas professoras, elas encontram dificuldade em mensurar o ensino de leitura literária tendo em vista a relação texto-leitor, dada a subjetividade intrínseca do próprio objeto. Do ponto de vista teórico, foram levados em consideração os estudos de Jauss (1970), Iser (1999), Jouve (2002), Zilberman (1982; 1989), Perrone-Moisés (2000b; 2011) e Rouxel (no prelo). / This dissertation entails a study on practices of literature lectures among sixth school grade students. To accomplish this, two important Basic Education Schools from the west of the city of Sao Paulo have been investigated. The first section of this research focused on Third and Fourth Cycles of National Curricular Parameters in Portuguese Basic School (BRAZIL, 1998b), and Sao Paulo State Curricular Proposal: Portuguese (SÃO PAULO, 2008a) to investigate official approaches in teaching Literature and development of literary lectures. The second part comprised an etnographic study as it follows: in two semesters from last 2010 to 2011 teachers practices have been observed to depict how they instructed students to read literature lectures. For a better understanding of learning situations in class, I interviewed three teachers and compared their speech on literature practices with my personal observations. As results of this investigation, it was possible to infer that teachers employed different strategies in Literature Lectures, but they had difficulties in objectively measuring reader-text interactions, which are intrinsically subjective. This dissertation was substantiated by studies from Jauss (1970), Iser (1999), Jouve (2002), Zilberman (1982; 1989), Perrone-Moisés (2000b; 2011), and Rouxel (in press).

This dissertation discusses a study that I carried out using action research methodology to answer to the research question; to what extent can the Mind Dynamix Profile® inform the practice of reflecting on change in facilitating learning in higher education? The Mind Dynamix Profile® instrument is used as a new and innovative profile instrument that has been developed in South Africa. Although the instrument can be used in a variety of circumstances, this research focuses on its use an instrument to facilitate reflection in the context of lecturers in a Private Higher Education Institution. A total of nine research subjects participated in this research project. As is often the case with action research the process of research was flexible and had to be adapted to the circumstances in which I, as the researcher, found myself. Through the process of doing this research I learned that the Mind Dynamix Profile® is a valuable tool for identifying areas of strength and areas of development among lecturers. Though the lecturers’ profiles varied, there were some common variables in their genetic profiles. However, the most important part of knowledge of the profile lies not in knowing the genetic profile, but rather in lecturers using that baseline knowledge to adapt their style of facilitating learning to the extent where they are able to accommodate the learning styles of all the students in the classroom. With the Mind Dynamix Profile® this flexibility is known as whole brain and whole body learning. The results of this study provide evidence that the Mind Dynamix Profile® is indeed a valuable instrument that assists in developing learning style flexibility and when used correctly, allows for definite change of facilitation strategies in the context of higher education. However, for lecturers to adapt these areas of development effectively a mentoring and coaching process needs to be implemented in conjunction with reflective tools. Although all the lecturers showed some sign of reflection on their style of facilitating learning, only two research subjects embraced the action research process to the point of deep, constructive reflection. Action research does not look only on the processes of the lecturers involved in this study, but more importantly on my own change of practice as a result of this research. My intention was to improve my own professional practice in addition to involving various lecturers in order to enhance their learning experience. Through the process of implementing this research I learned to reflect on my own values, attitudes and relationships with lecturers as they impacted on my practice. I believe that I have achieved reflective competence by demonstrating an ability to integrate and connect my own performance and decision making with understanding, and that I am successfully able to adapt, explain and change my style of facilitating learning and conducting research, when challenged by unforeseen circumstances. Copyright / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Curriculum Studies / unrestricted

In the mid nineties, electronic lecture recording has emerged as a new area of research. The aim behind most early research activities in this field has been the cost-efficient production of e-learning content as a by-product of traditional lectures. These efforts have led to the development of systems that can produce recordings of a lecture in a fraction of the time and also for a fraction of the cost that other methods require for the production of similar e-learning content.While the production of lecture recordings has been investigated thoroughly, the conditions under which the content produced can be used efficiently shifted into focus of research only recently. Employing lecture recordings in the right way is, however, crucial for the effectiveness with which they can be used. Therefore this thesis gives a detailed overview of archetypical application scenarios. A closer examination of these scenarios reveals the importance of navigation in recorded lectures as a critical factor for teaching and learning success. In order to improve navigation, a hypermedia navigation concept for recorded lectures is developed. Hypermedia navigation has proven a successful navigation paradigm in classic text- and picture-based media. In order to be adapted for time based media such as recorded lectures, a number of conceptual changes have to be applied. In this thesis, a hypermedia navigation concept is developed that tackles this problem by combining time- and structure-based navigation paradigms and by modifying existing hypermedia navigation facilities.Even a highly developed navigation concept for recorded lectures can, however, not be put into practice efficiently when production costs of suitable recordings are too high. Therefore this thesis also shows that suitable lecture recordings can be produced with minimal production cost. This endeavour is realized by the implementation of a fully automatic production chain for recording and indexing lectures.

This is a thesis centering around the importance of humility in Martin Luther's Lectures on Romans, written in 1515-1516. Included are a word study of humility and its derivatives in Luther's original Latin text, an exposition of each usage, and a thematic exegesis of Luther's theology of humility in his Lectures on Romans.

Under COVID-19 blev distansundervisning ett måste och till följd mer accepterat och vanligt. Detta har även bidragit till att fler alternativa utbildningsformer blivit vanligare, bland annat hybridutbildning. Det finns dock bristande information och forskning på hur hybridutbildningar ska genomföras för bäst upplevelse för alla inblandade. Till följd av den tekniska utvecklingen finns det även en rad olika tekniska verktyg som kan användas vid utformning av hybridutbildning. Det finns dock bristande underlag på hur dessa tekniska verktyg kan användas och vad dess påverkan blir på upplevelsen. Denna studie undersöker utbildningsformen hybridföreläsning där studenter kan delta på plats och på distans under samma föreläsning. Tidigare forskning på denna utbildningsform har endast fokuserat på studenter som deltar på distans. Syftet med studien är att ge svar på vilka- och med vilken utformning på tekniska verktyg som möjliggör en lyckad hybridföreläsning för samtliga parter. Syftet är också att undersöka båda deltagargrupperna och hur upplevelsen skiljer sig.  För att besvara frågorna har en fallstudie genomförts under tre föreläsningar på en datavetenskaplig kurs på Malmö Universitet. De tre föreläsningarna hade alla olika förutsättningarna och var utrustade på olika sätt. De olika föreläsningarna är benämnda som Fall 1, Fall 2 och Fall 3 som skiljer sig från varandra i teknisk utrustning och utformning. Studenterna delades slumpmässigt in i två lika stora grupper. En grupp som endast deltog på föreläsningar på plats och en grupp som endast deltog på föreläsningar på distans. Datainsamling genomfördes genom tre enkäter som studenterna fick efter varje föreläsning samt en slutenkät på sista föreläsningen. Under alla föreläsningar deltog även författarna av studien med för att observera. Det genomfördes även en fokusgrupp med studenter samt en intervju med föreläsaren.   Resultat från dessa datagenereringsmetoder visar att det är svårt att utforma en hybridföreläsning med de tekniska verktyg som undersökts där studenter på plats/distans och föreläsaren blir helt tillfredsställda. Det har dock konstaterats vilka tekniska verktyg och i vilken utformning som bör eftersträvas för att medföra en föreläsning där andelen som inte blir tillfredsställda minimeras. I direkt följd har det även konstaterats vilka tekniska verktyg och i vilken utformning som bör undvikas då detta medför att en stor andel av deltagare får en sämre upplevelse. / During the COVID-19 pandemic many institutions were forced to adapt distance learning, which subsequently became a widely accepted learning modality. This shift has contributed to an increase in other forms of education and has as a result become more common, including hybrid education. However, there is a lack of information and research in regard to how hybrid education should be implemented to ensure a good experience for everyone involved. Because of the technical advancements there are multiple technical tools to choose from that can be used when designing hybrid educations. Though, there is a lack of information in regard to how these technical tools can be used and what their effects are on the experience.  This study examines a form of hybrid education where students can participate both in class, and online at the same time. Previous research on this format primarily focuses on students participating online. The aim of this study is therefore to provide insights into which tools and how their usage might impact the use of a successful hybrid lecture for all participants. The aim is also to investigate how the experiences of both groups may differ. To address these questions, a case study was conducted based on three separate lectures in a computer science course at Malmö University. The three lectures all had different conditions and were equipped in different ways. Each lecture, labeled Case 1, Case 2 & Case 3, varied in terms of technical equipment and design. The students that participated in the case study were randomly assigned to either the distance or in-person group to ensure equally large groups, maintaining the same format for all lectures.  The gathering of data was conducted through questionnaires that the students were asked to answer after each finished lecture as well as a final questionnaire during the last lecture. The authors also observed all lectures. A focus group was also conducted with a group of students as well as an interview with the lecturer.  The findings revealed from these methods show that it can be challenging to design a hybrid lecture with the technical tools that have been studied where both groups of students and the lecturer feel satisfied. However, the results indicate what technical tools and to what extent they should be used to ensure a lecture where low satisfaction is opposed. As a direct consequence, it has also been determined which technical tools and in what form should be avoided, as this leads to a large proportion of participants having a negative experience.

No description available.

<p>In this study the overarching question is in what way the Swedishauthor Alf Henrikson has acted as a popular educator and if he as such hasbeen a part of a popular educational context. The different popular educationalactivities he associated with could be considered as verification thathe did act as a popular educator. Two works of his popular historical authorshipare examined and they are characterized by the intention or ambitionto disseminate historical knowledge. By his historical authorship healso was a part of a popular historical tradition in Sweden.Henrikson appeared at several times as a popular lecturer and hereby hereproduces a tradition from the worker’s institutes and the associations forpopular lectures. He also performed on several occasions in radio programsand TV programs and disseminated knowledge and education. Radio broadcastsas well as television are regarded as popular educational activities. Inconsideration to the subject areas of his knowledge he can be affiliated withan educational ideal in the Swedish worker’s movement and Swedish populareducation. His educational ideal is the personality creating neohumanisticprinciple. Henrikson also supported the thought of taking over the middles-classes idea of cultural heritage.</p>

This study seeks insight into the use of visual aids in contemporary post-compulsory teaching. The importance of the study is linked to the large number of students who enter Higher Education; many of whom regularly receive lectures supported by visual displays which comprise textual summaries of a lecturer’s speech. This thesis comprises a two-part study and employs a mixed methods approach. The first part inquires into teachers’ and lecturers’ practice with regard to their visual aids, and the second compares the effectiveness of text, images and imagery displayed in support of a lecture. The investigation into lecturers’ practice found many post-compulsory teachers and lecturers had received no training in the design and use of visual aids during their initial teacher training. It is suggested this privation may underpin a de facto choice of projected text as a visual aid, the use of which is not clearly supported by contemporary models of memory and mental processing. In a comparison of visual modalities, an increase in learner engagement was recorded for the display of carefully designed images, and also for directed imagery. No positive impact was recorded for text summaries of 50-64 words displayed concurrently with speech, although recall was improved when text was restricted to five words or fewer. The conclusion is drawn that the display of this modality without temporal pauses may offer limited educational advantage to students, and a method of planned apportionment of speech and text is proposed in which contemporary theories of memory and processing are taken into account. These observations have significant implications for a lecture environment in which such text summaries are often relied upon for visual support. The findings of the thesis are combined to propose a principle of Visual Working Memory Utilisation (VWMU), upon which future research into visual aid design and use in post compulsory education might be based.

Introdução: A participação da enfermagem na puericultura ocorre desde 1925, quando os educadores sanitários passaram a atuar nos centros de saúde. Todavia, o enfermeiro exerceu suas atividades durante muitos anos na Atenção Básica focado no atendimento e nas prioridades dos processos físicos, nas doenças e na prática curativista e preventivista. Atualmente, sobretudo em decorrência da Estratégia Saúde da Família, o enfermeiro dispõe de abertura para realizar consultas, grupos educativos e visitas domiciliares a gestantes e crianças. Entretanto, apesar dessas oportunidades assistenciais, esses espaços não têm sido ocupados da melhor maneira dado que, muitas vezes, os profissionais não possuem formação direcionada para as carências da população, pois os currículos enfatizam majoritariamente os aspectos patológicos. As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais ressaltam a necessidade e o dever, por parte das Instituições de Ensino Superior, de formar profissionais de saúde voltados para todos os níveis de atendimento. Objetivo: Identificar as experiências de ensino de Desenvolvimento Infantil saudável nos cursos de graduação e pós-graduação em Enfermagem. Método: Foi feita uma Revisão Sistemática Qualitativa, seguindo-se as recomendações metodológicas do Instituto Joanna Briggs (JBI). A estratégia de busca utilizada para a revisão concentrou-se em identificar estudos publicados em dez bases de dados/portais com recorte temporal até junho de 2013. O maior número de estudos foi verificado no período de 2000 a 2012, obtendo-se uma somatória de 60% da amostra, o que significa que os estudos são atuais e podem estar relacionados com as evidências das neurociências. Os descritores foram adaptados para atender às especificidades de cada base de dado/portal. Resultados: A metodologia acima descrita permitiu que fossem resgatados da literatura científica 694 estudos, cujos resumos foram analisados e, aplicando-se os critérios de exclusão, chegou-se a um conjunto de 52 trabalhos integralmente lidos. A seleção final contou com 25 estudos, sendo 12 deles nacionais, os quais foram analisados a partir de uma experiência exitosa de promoção do DI que envolveu universidades em municípios paulistas, como referência de boas práticas, considerando-se as evidências recentes da neurociência e epigenética. Constatou-se que o puerpério foi abordado somente em três estudos, mas, ainda assim, restringiu-se à dimensão física, aos cuidados de higiene, à alimentação e ao aleitamento materno. A abordagem da puericultura ampliada estava presente em todos os estudos. Os aspectos familiares, sociais, emocionais foram citados. Quanto à presença do Desenvolvimento Infantil na relação com a Educação Infantil em creches, 12 estudos contemplavam esse aspecto, todavia, com abordagem fragmentada. No que tange aos espaços lúdicos, foram considerados em 14 estudos, porém os aspectos se relacionavam com a facilitação do acesso ao brinquedo para crianças em diferentes situações sociais, estímulo ao lazer e cultura. Por fim, a abordagem de grupos com famílias estava presentes em 20 estudos, os quais vão além do simples envolvimento dos pais com os cuidados das crianças. Conclusão: O ensino de Desenvolvimento Infantil saudável ultrapassa o formato de ensino tradicional, de caráter conteudista. A maioria dos estudos apontou que a melhor forma de ensinar é por meio de técnicas criativas e inovadoras, desenvolvendo competência dos discentes e envolvendo-os. / Introduction: The participation of Nursing in the childrens care has occurred since 1925 when the sanitary educators began to labor in Health centers. However, nurses have worked for many years in services focused mainly on the service and the priorities of physical processes, diseases and healing and preventive practices. Nowadays, mainly stemming from Family Health Strategy the Nurse has reached the right to consult to educative groups and home visits to pregnant women and children. Despite those opportunities of assistance such spaces have not been occupied of the best way once, many times, the professionals do not own the proper educational background addressed to the needs of the population, for, the syllabuses emphasize mainly the pathological aspects. The National Syllabuses Guides highlight the need and the duty of the Colleges to form professionals of the health field capable of working in different and variable levels of service. Aim: This study seeks to identify the experiences of the teaching of healthy childrens development in the undergraduate and postgraduate courses in Nursing. Method: It has been carried out a Systematic and Qualitative Revision by following the methodological recommendations of Joana Briggs Institute (JBI). The searching method used for such revision concentrated on identifying studies published in 10 data basis up to June 2013. The majority number of studies verified from 2000 to 2012 obtaining a sum of 60% of the samples, which means that the studies are recent and can be related to the neuroscience evidences. The descriptors have been adapted to service the features of each data base. Results: The methodology described above allowed the rescue of 694 studies from the scientific literature whose summaries have been analyzed and, after applying the exclusion criteria, we have reached a set of 52 works fully read. The final selection brought 25 studies, 12 of which are national, and have been analyzed successfully through a thriving experience of promoting the infantile development which involved Colleges in cities of São Paulo state as a reference of good practices, considering the neuroscience and epigenetic evidences. It has been shown that the childrens development has been portrayed in three studies, but, even so, it got restricted to the physical dimension, to the hygienic care, to food and mother milking. The wide approach of infantile development has been made present in every study. The familiar, social and emotional aspects have also been cited. So as to the presence of infantile development in relation to education in childrens schools, 12 studies brought up this issue, though on a fragmented view. In relation to ludic spaces they have been mentioned in 14 studies, although concerning aspects such as: the easy access to the plays by the children in different social settings; stimuli to leisure and culture. At the end, the approach concerning groups and families have been present in 20 studies, which go far beyond the mere involvement with the parents and the childrens care. Conclusion: The teaching of healthy infantile development goes far beyond the format of the traditional teaching. The majority of studies have pointed out that the best way to teach is through creative and innovative practices techniques by developing and involving the competence of the teachers