Submitted by Simone Maisonave (simonemaisonave@hotmail.com) on 2016-08-25T15:47:53Z No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Cristiane Litzke Buss_Dissertacao (1).pdf: 1424867 bytes, checksum: 0b68f5665b6a18d5b49e90987005bdbc (MD5) Cristiane Litzke Buss_Produto da Dissertacao (2).pdf: 468404 bytes, checksum: 0f834879b66344c3f3164aa26063eb55 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-08-25T16:58:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Cristiane Litzke Buss_Dissertacao (1).pdf: 1424867 bytes, checksum: 0b68f5665b6a18d5b49e90987005bdbc (MD5) Cristiane Litzke Buss_Produto da Dissertacao (2).pdf: 468404 bytes, checksum: 0f834879b66344c3f3164aa26063eb55 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-25T16:58:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Cristiane Litzke Buss_Dissertacao (1).pdf: 1424867 bytes, checksum: 0b68f5665b6a18d5b49e90987005bdbc (MD5) Cristiane Litzke Buss_Produto da Dissertacao (2).pdf: 468404 bytes, checksum: 0f834879b66344c3f3164aa26063eb55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-18 / Sem bolsa / A pesquisa propõe a elaboração de um Instrumento com critérios avaliativos para identificação de Software Educativo voltado aos 3º, 4º e 5º anos do Ensino Fundamental para o ensino de Matemática, a qual aconteceu em três momentos distintos. No primeiro momento, a pesquisa apresenta o perfil tecnológico de alunos e de professores de 3º, 4º e 5º anos do Ensino Fundamental verificando o conhecimento que possuem em relação as tecnologias digitais e o uso que fazem destes recursos tecnológicos no seu dia a dia. No segundo, a pesquisa mostra o conhecimento que os educadores possuem de Software Educativo e se sabem reconhecê-los, certificando da necessidade de um Instrumento com critérios avaliativos para identificação de Software Educativo direcionado para o 3º, 4º e 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental em relação ao componente curricular de Matemática. E, no terceiro momento, a pesquisa elabora o Instrumento para avaliar Software Educativo voltado para os 3º, 4º e 5º anos do Ensino Fundamental para o ensino da Matemática, o qual tem a intenção de colaborar/auxiliar os professores no momento do planejamento quando for fazer a seleção deste recurso para aplicar em conceitos matemáticos, a fim de ajudar no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem dos alunos. O instrumento proposto foi elaborado a partir de estudos de trabalhos e de referenciais da área de pesquisa, de minha experiência como professora de anos iniciais e dos objetivos da Escola onde a pesquisa foi aplicada. Salienta-se que na literatura estudada não encontrou-se Instrumento específico para identificação de Software Educativo direcionado para os 3º, 4º e 5º anos do Ensino Fundamental em relação ao componente curricular de Matemática. O Instrumento foi testado e validado pelo grupo de professores que atendem os 3º, 4º e 5º anos do Ensino Fundamental, os quais consideraram o Instrumento prático e demonstraram estarem satisfeitos com o mesmo, pois julgam este funcional e direto o que facilita no planejamento e possibilita a avaliação do material em questão. O Instrumento ajudará o professor no momento da seleção deste recurso pedagógico, o qual se escolhido adequadamente contribuirá na assimilação de conteúdos pelos alunos, pois o uso destes recursos digitais nas aulas de Matemática possibilita maior interesse do aluno permitindo que este faça ligações entre o conteúdo desenvolvido em sala de aula e aquele utilizado no Software. Contribuindo desta forma para uma aprendizagem mais prazerosa e significativa dos educandos em relação ao uso de Softwares Educativos nas aulas de Matemática, pois a geração de alunos da contemporaneidade encontra-se muito bem integrada com as tecnologias. / The research proposes the development of an instrument with evaluative criteria for Educational Software identification facing the 3rd, 4th and 5th years of elementary school for the teaching of Mathematics, which took place at three different times. At first, the research presents the technological profile of students and 3 teachers, 4 and 5 years of elementary school verifying their knowledge regarding digital technologies and their use of these technological resources in their daily lives. In the second, the research shows the knowledge that educators have to Educational Software and know to recognize them, certifying the need for an instrument with evaluative criteria for Educational Software identification targeted for the 3rd, 4th and 5th year of elementary school in relation the curricular component of Mathematics. And the third time, the research draws up the instrument to evaluate educational software geared to the 3rd, 4th and 5th years of elementary school for the teaching of mathematics, which is intended to assist / help teachers when planning when make the selection of this feature to apply mathematical concepts in order to assist in teaching and students' learning process. The proposed instrument was developed from studies of works and references to the search area, my experience as a teacher of early years and the school goals where the survey was conducted. It is noted that in the literature studied not met specific instrument for Educational Software identification targeted for the 3rd, 4th and 5th years of elementary school in relation to the curricular component of Mathematics. The instrument has been tested and validated by the group of teachers who attend the 3rd, 4th and 5th years of elementary school, which considered the practical instrument and showed that they are satisfied with it, for they think this functional and straightforward which facilitates planning and provides the evaluation of the material in question. The instrument will help the teacher at the time of selection of this educational resource, which if properly chosen will help the assimilation of content by students, since the use of these digital resources in Mathematics classes allows for greater student interest allowing it to make connections between the developed content in the classroom and the one used in the software. Thus contributing to a more enjoyable and meaningful learning of the students regarding the use of Educational Software in Mathematics classes, because the contemporary generation of students is very well integrated with the technologies.

L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est d’observer et d’analyser l’interaction entre un élève autiste, un logiciel éducatif et un enseignant dans des situations d’apprentissage de la lecture et de l’écriture. Étudier la manière dont les élèves autistes peuvent interagir avec des logiciels éducatifs en présence d’enseignants est très important, notamment pour comprendre comment mieux focaliser l’attention de ces enfants. Il faut alors étudier l’évolution des comportements des élèves et connaître les modes d’intervention des enseignants, favorisant ou non l’évolution de ces comportements. Pour analyser les modes d’interaction qui se mettent en place entre trois agents (un enseignant, un élève autiste et un logiciel éducatif), nous avons défini des observables, pouvant être recueillis durant les phases d’étude chez chacun des agents, et choisi des outils permettant de collecter les informations en temps réel (stylo numérique et logiciel Camtasia). Nous avons également synchronisé plusieurs sources de données. Les informations recueillies et synchronisées, les traces d’activités, ont ensuite été traitées afin de fournir des formes visuelles résumées de l’activité et de calculer différents indicateurs. Ces analyses ont été confrontées aux experts de l’autisme, pour interprétation et aux enseignants pour une meilleure prise en compte de leur propre comportement. Pour mener ce travail, nous avons, d’un premier temps, participé au projet ANR RobAutisTIC, autour d’une interaction ludique entre des enfants autistes, des thérapeutes suivant un protocole expérimental et un robot. Au cours de ce projet, nous avons élaboré les premières listes de gestes à observer, enregistrer et coder et effectué les premières analyses à l’aide du logiciel Elan. Ce travail a été repris avec des élèves autistes, des enseignants et des logiciels éducatifs, dans des situations d’apprentissage. Nous avons adapté pour cela les grilles utilisées dans le projet RobAutisTIC, à la situation d’apprentissage avec un logiciel éducatif. Nous avons conduit des observations préalables dans les classes ainsi qu’une analyse détaillée des logiciels éducatifs pour identifier les interactions possibles et classer les exercices selon un indicateur de complexité. Nous avons pu suivre quinze séances avec au total onze élèves.L’analyse des données nous a permis de repérer les gestes les plus fréquents, les séquences, etc. L’association entre le codage des gestes, l’enregistrement de la succession des écrans des logiciels et des dialogues entre l’enseignante et l’élève a permis de faire une analyse didactique des interactions dans le cadre de la théorie d’action didactique. Nous avons pu constater des modes fins d’interaction entre l’élève autiste et son enseignante, également des caractéristiques particulières de l’interaction élève-logiciel compte tenu du niveau de complexité de chaque exercice et du niveau de développement socio-communicatif de l’élève autiste. Enfin, les enseignants interviennent souvent dans le but de donner la bonne réponse à l’élève à travers le pointage de l’écran et l’interaction verbale. Ce travail ouvre des pistes d’une part dans l’observation et l’analyse de l’interaction avec des élèves autistes et d’autre part dans l’analyse de l’utilisation de logiciels éducatifs. / The objective of this thesis is to observe and analyze the interaction between students with autism, educational software and teachers in learning situations of reading and writing. Explore how students with autism can interact with educational software in the presence of teachers is very important, especially to understand how to better focus their attention. Then, we must study the evolution of student behaviour and know the teachers intervention methods, promoting or not the changes in these behaviours.To analyze the modes of interaction that are set up between three agents (a teacher, a student with autism and educational software), we defined “observable” that may be collected during the study phases in each of the agents and selected tools to collect real-time information (Digital Pen and Camtasia software). We also synchronized multiple data sources. The information collected and synchronized and traces of activities were then treated to provide visual forms summarized activities and calculate various indicators. These analyses were confronted with experts in autism, for interpretation and teachers to better take into account their own behaviour.To conduct this work, first, we participated in the project ANR RobAutiSTIC around a playful interaction between children with autism, therapist following an experimental protocol and a robot. In this project, we developed the first gestures lists to observe, record, encode and performed the first analysis with the Elan software.This work was implemented in the classroom where were present autistic students, teachers and educational software, in learning situations. We have adapted it for the grids used in RobAutiSTIC project, the situation of learning with educational software. We conducted preliminary observations in classrooms as well as a detailed analysis of educational software to identify potential interactions and classify the exercises in a complex indicator. We followed five sessions with a total of eleven students. Data analysis allowed us to identify the most frequent gestures, sequences, etc. The association between the coding of gestures, recording the sequence of screens software and dialogues between the teacher and the student has to do a didactic analysis of interactions in the context of the educational theory of action. We have seen the purpose modes of interaction between student and teacher autistic, also the special characteristics of the interaction student-software given the level of complexity of each year and the level of socio-communicative development of students with autism. Finally, teachers often intervene in order to give the right answer to the student through the pointing screen and verbal interaction.On the one hand, this work paves the way for the observation and analysis of the interaction with autism students (between themselves) and on the other hand, for the analysis of the uses of educational softwares.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The use of technology in mathematics education has many potentially positive outcomes. There is, however, little evidence to show where the use of technology has made a significant impact on mathematics education in South Africa. This study aims to address the issue of how computer tablets are currently used in the mathematics classroom. The researcher drew a comparison between learners who were taught with computer tablets and learners who were taught in the traditional way by evaluating the learners' progress after being taught on the topic of 3D images. This assessment was done in the form of a pre-test and a post-test that were administered to both classes on a topic of 3D images that was taught during this allocated time. The research is located in the third-generation activity theory. It is based on the socio-cultural theory of Lev Vygotsky, but it is blended with modern western theories as described by Engeström. The researcher made use of a mixed methods approach starting with a qualitative survey, followed by a pre-test, observations and concluding with a post-test. The pre-test and post-test determined whether cognitive knowledge was gained. The participants in the study were a group of 15-year-old learners at a private school where the one class was taught using computer tablets in the mathematics classroom, and the other class was taught the same content without computer tablets. A qualitative survey was sent to 27 schools within a particular school group where teachers indicated the popular Apps that were used in the mathematics classroom in this school group. Teachers also gave reasons why these were the Apps of choice and elaborated on how they were using these Apps. The quantitative part of this research was guided by the results of the survey and the 5 most popular Applications (Apps) were used in the teaching experiment. The quantitative part focused on two classrooms within the same school where the one class were taught with computer tablets and the other class were taught without the use of computer tablets. The t-test for this research showed that the group of learners who were taught with computer tablets achieved significantly better results than the class of learners who were taught using hard copy textbooks with traditional methods of teaching. This study showed that having computer tablets in schools can be effective in the mathematics classroom. The recommendations emanating from this study indicates that school who are planning to use computer tablets in the mathematics classroom should first plan their wi-fi capabilities with enough access points and internet access. These schools also need to decide on a type of computer tablet and what operating system to use. This decision has implications to the accessibility of quality Apps, battery life and storage space of the computer tablet. Schools are recommended to have a plan for training teachers in the use of this computer tablets especially regarding the pedagogical practice when interacting with learners. A last recommendation is to nurture a culture of computer tablet use amongst the learners to discipline themselves to charge and maintain their computer tablets and apply it to educational use. This study includes a pedagogical framework in respect of the effective use of computer tablets in the mathematics classroom.

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