The problem of this study was to determine the relationship between the creative thinking ability of one hundred selected Negro fourth grade pupils and their parents' attitudes about rearing children.

「清末滿族子弟的新式教育」為碩士論文，共有十五萬餘言，除緒論與結論外，共分為五大章，十五小節，各章提要如下： 第一章清末滿族新式教育之緣起。清朝末年受到西方勢力的侵擾，國內興起了一股興學育才的風潮，希望藉由教育革新，使國家能夠強盛起來。滿族子弟也因此有了教育革新的契機，這段新式教育的演變歷程，可分為接觸萌芽期（一八六二年至一九○一年）和建立發展期（一九○二年至一九一一年）。前者，因為滿族子弟傳統教育中即須學習語言文字的翻譯課程，因而進入新式學校，取得了學習西方語言文字的先機；後者，滿族傳統的八旗官學式微，又受各種教育思潮的影響，終於在光緒二十八年（一九○一年）進行改建新式學校，採用新的教育模式，同時受到要求立憲的壓力，教育民眾以開通智識備形重要；排滿革命的威脅，滿漢民族問的不平等待遇成為排滿藉口，究其原因卻在由來已久的八旗生計問題，因此教育沒有謀生技能的旗民，成為當務之急，也就不得不致力實行新式教育了。 第二章新式教育宗旨與教育體系。教育思潮既然影響滿族新式教育的施行，新式教育宗旨大抵也秉持著「中體西用」的精神，最後以「忠君」、「尊孔」、「尚公」、「尚武」、「尚實」五項宣示全國的教育宗旨為依歸，同時為解決八旗生計問題，培養滿族子弟「自強自立」的能力，也成為新式教育的重要政策。基於滿族特殊的軍事、社會制度--八旗制度，新式教育的教育行政單位除在中央受學部統理外，在地方以提學使同為主導，以八旗學務處、旗務處為輔，建立起行政體系。學校系統則以學部所頒學制為主，分為三級，統一原本零散的傳統教育制度。 第三章新式教育的主要形式。滿族子弟新式教育中較有系統的是普通教育，廣泛設立蒙養學堂、小學堂，中學堂各直省駐防地多設有一處，高等學堂則在中央與東北設立。實業教育則偏重滿族子弟的職業技能訓練，所以設立許多工藝蔽、工褻傳習所。語文教育以學習滿、蒙、俄等語言文字為主；又因時值預備立憲，為了讓滿族子弟對憲政體制有所了解，特為貴族、仕員開設法政學堂及時政講習所。滿族子弟新式教育中沒有完整的師範、留學教育系統，而是視需要設立師範學校培養邊區師資，鼓勵子弟出國遊學、遊歷以開通風氣。 第四章教育的實施與管理。新式教育的宗旨和教育體系與全國教育制度大同小異，普通學校教學課程內容上也大概一致，但特別加入母語--「清文」的教授；實業教育兼授普通知識和手工業技能；滿蒙語言學堂除教授與言外，也包含民族史地；法政學堂則有法學和理財知識，課程相當現代大學法律系。教育經費來源主要是由各駐防地長官「就地自籌」，偶有中央補助，名目多而雜；經費管理，除照學部定章辦理，另設有獎勵章程，鼓勵士紳、民眾捐款助學。而諸如學堂、學生的管理規則，也依學部章程辦法處埋；課程安排則重在一般課程與「清文」鐘點的調節。 第五章滿族新式教育的省思。新式教育的施行，使得滿族子弟不但學習到更多的 「中學」和「西學」，也因「中體西用」的調和性影響，滿族民族文化「國語騎射」也因而得以傳承、更新而趨於實用。但是，新式教育實行的主要困難是邊陲地區風氣未開教育、知識難以普及。由新式教育的各種形式和措施，可以看到新式教育的成效，還在能提升滿族子弟的知識水準，訓練謀生能力，降低滿漢民族的差異與衝突，新式教育無異具有維持民族生存的意義。 / The new mode of education the Manchurians received in the later yearsof the CH'ING.

From great African nations like the Ancient Kemites, Akan and Gikuyu, the world witnessed the development of the most powerful social structures, governance systems, ground breaking innovations in science and technology, and systems of thought that still exist today. Hence, in looking at the low performance levels of Black students today, the question becomes, how do the descendants of those who created writing, mathematics, and science; and then in the face of episodic disruptions laid their lives on the line to read, write, and built public schools, Sabbath schools, and Historically Black Colleges and Universities, close the excellence gap between their actual performance and deeply rooted cultural expectations? The present study reviews the essential questions and proposed solutions for closing the excellence gap that have been offered by previous generations of scholars. Africana Studies methodological framing questions were used to examine the long-view experiences of African people as well as a three tier critical ethnographic research methods approach. The study revealed that Black students gained a level of excellence in the face of disruption through: (1) Collective Training, (2) Spiritual and Moral Balance, and (3) Content Mastery. The prerequisite for sustaining educational excellence was found to be in the individual roles female and male representatives play as the primary educators of Black children. Secondly, nurturing a sense of identity through a spiritual understanding of social order and moral responsibility to the collective is also a requirement. Nevertheless, what unites and emerges as the chief element is content mastery. The ability to retain and keep content through listening and reading; and present a level of mastery on that information through speaking, writing and action to solve problems, completes the reciprocal process of educational excellence. / African American Studies

The objective of this doctoral thesis is to study three different innovative noise control techniques in ducts namely: acoustic metamaterials, porous absorbers and microperforates. There has been a lot of research done on all these three topics in the context of duct acoustics. This research will assess the potential of the acoustic metamaterial technique and compare to the use of conventional methods using microperforated plates and/or porous materials.  The objective of the metamaterials part is to develop a physical approach to model and synthesize bulk moduli and densities to feasibly control the wave propagation pattern, creating quiet zones in the targeted fluid domain. This is achieved using an array of locally resonant metallic patches. In addition to this, a novel thin slow sound material is also proposed in the acoustic metamaterial part of this thesis. This slow sound material is a quasi-labyrinthine structure flush mounted to a duct, comprising of coplanar quarter wavelength resonators that aims to slow the speed of sound at selective resonance frequencies. A good agreement between theoretical analysis and experimental measurements is demonstrated. The second technique is based on acoustic porous foam and it is about modeling and characterization of a novel porous metallic foam absorber inside ducts. This material proved to be a similar or better sound absorber compared to the conventional porous absorbers, but with robust and less degradable properties. Material characterization of this porous absorber from a simple transfer matrix measurement is proposed.The last part of this research is focused on impedance of perforates with grazing flow on both sides. Modeling of the double sided grazing flow impedance is done using a modified version of an inverse semi-analytical technique. A minimization scheme is used to find the liner impedance value in the complex plane to match the calculated sound field to the measured one at the microphone positions. / <p>QC 20160923</p>

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

This study explores factors that influence the sexual attitudes and behaviors of adolescents specifically through an examination of social constructs that measure sexual beliefs and attitudes of adolescents and the relationships between race and gender and sexual beliefs and attitudes. As the U.S. has maintained one of the highest rates of unplanned teen pregnancy and births among industrialized nations, schools and community groups have struggled to combat teen pregnancy and worked toward designing effective prevention programs. Through an emphasis either on abstinence or safe sex practices, these programs strive to influence adolescents' sexual behavior. However, studies and reports reveal a paucity of research that examines adolescents' attitudes and beliefs of sexual behavior, especially for cultural- and gender- specific groups of adolescents. Drawing from social constructionist theory and multiracial and radical feminist theoretical frameworks, this study utilizes Virginia Abstinence Education Initiative (VAEI) data from surveys administered to adolescents measuring sexual attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. This study examines race and gender differences among the participants with regard to beliefs and attitudes about sexual behavior. The goal is to both better understand race and gender influences on adolescents' sexual beliefs and attitudes and to provide information to those who are in the position to develop more successful and effective teen pregnancy prevention programs. Consistent with existing literature, findings indicate gender-based differences regarding sexual beliefs and attitudes and minimal race-based differences in this analysis. An intersectional analysis further suggests that although female adolescents across race held similar beliefs and attitudes regarding sexuality, there were differences across race among male adolescents.

Diese Arbeit geht der Frage nach den bildungstheoretischen Absichten der Sammlungspraktiken zweier außerordentlicher Kunstkennerinnen und -sammlerinnen der Renaissance nach, Isabella d''Este und Margarethe von Österreich. Ihre Sammlungen formten einen neuen Wissenstypus, indem sie mittels Strukturierung und Visualisierung deutende Ordnungen der Welt erstellten. In den Studioli von Isabella d''Este und von Margarethe von Österreich, die zu Marksteinen einer Entwicklung wurden, die in Nordeuropa erst in der zweiten Hälfte des 16. Jahrhunderts zu ihrer Entfaltung kam, dienen Kunstverständnis, Kunstförderung und Kunsterwerb der höfischen Selbstdarstellung. Mit ihrer Ausstattung repräsentieren sie darüber hinaus die Frühform eines Sammlungsraumes, in dem zukunftsweisende Bildungsprozesse stattfinden. Die vorliegende Arbeit versteht sich somit als Rekonstruktion und Analyse eines impliziten Bildungsprogramms. / The study compares the history of two Renaissance collections, the "studiolo" of Isabella d’Este (1474-1539) and the "petit cabinet" of Margaret of Austria (1480-1530), two extraordinary art experts and collectors sixteenth century. They modelled a new type of knowledge by their method of acquisition as they created an interpretative classification of the world through the use of structure and visualisation. The work focuses on the concepts of knowledge inscribed into the visual structure of those two collections and the pedagogical approaches they enacted. Isabella d’Este’s and Margaret of Austria’s collection rooms became a landmark in a development, which only came into being in northern Europe in the second half of the sixteenth century. This is, in part, due to the fact that the understanding, promotion and acquisition of art became an important aspect of courtly self representation. Furthermore, their collection represents an early form of collection space which created the foundation for future educational processes. Therefore, this work is aims to be a historiography of an educational process as well as the reconstruction and analysis of an implicit pedagogical program. Following an interdisciplinary approach, the research is designed to systematically and historically reconstruct the order, production and representation of knowledge within its social context. The comparative approach aims to grasp the specific pedagogical perspective of each collection. Furthermore it focuses on parallels of their concern of transformation and the functionality of such extraordinary collection activities. Analytical categories such as space, time and hierarchies are used in the analysis of the primary sources. In this way, the collections and corresponding materials will be analysed in order to explain how the implicit educational program can be understood as a forerunner of an educational theory.

This thesis deals with enviromental education in CHKO Třeboňsko. The aim of thesis is to create educational materials, that... Educational materials are intended for pupils of 6th and 7th grade of elementary schools. The author uses activating teaching methods such as games and competitons. In theoretical part are defined curricular documents aimed to cross sectional theme of enviromental education. Furthermore the author deals with the protection of nature and landscape and the characteristics of the territory of Třeboň. The practical part contains teaching materials for teachers, which the author designed and realized with pupils. Educational materials include ecosystem pond, forest, meadow, river, peat bog and sandpit.

La réduction des nuisances sonores est un enjeu permanent pour les acteurs de l’aéronautique. L’optimisation de la réduction de bruit apportée par les traitements acoustiques tapissant la nacelle des réacteurs turbofan passe par une caractérisation précise des matériaux employés dans l’environnement aéroacoustique d’utilisation, qui met en jeu un écoulement rasant de vitesse importante combiné à de forts niveaux sonores. L’objectif de cette thèse est de développer une méthode inverse pour la détermination de l’impédance acoustique de liners soumis à un écoulement rasant, basée sur des mesures non intrusives du champ de vitesse acoustique au-dessus du matériau par Vélocimétrie Laser Doppler (LDV). L’impédance de liner est obtenue par minimisation de l’écart entre le champ de vitesse acoustique mesuré et le champ simulé numériquement en résolvant les équations d’Euler linéarisées bidimensionnelles harmoniques, discrétisées par un schéma Galerkin discontinu. Le gradient de la fonction objectif minimisée est calculé via la résolution, à chaque itération, des équations directes et adjointes. Une première étape de validation du solveur est effectuée sur des cas-tests académiques, puis sur des cas expérimentaux impliquant des mesures de pression acoustique en paroi rigide opposée au liner. Dans un second temps, la méthode est appliquée à des mesures de vitesse acoustique obtenues par LDV dans le banc B2A de l’ONERA en l’absence d’écoulement. La dernière étape consiste à prendre en compte l’effet d’un écoulement rasant de profil cisaillé. Les impédances identifiées à partir de mesures LDV en présence d’écoulement ont notamment permis de gagner en compréhension sur les phénomènes d’absorption intervenant dans le banc B2A. / While aircraft noise constraints become increasingly stringent, efficient duct treatment of turbofan engines requires an accurate knowledge of liner impedance with grazing flow at high acoustic levels. This thesis aims at developing an impedance eduction method in the presence of grazing flow. The inverse process is based on acoustic velocity fields acquired by Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) above the liner. The liner acoustic impedance is obtained by minimization of the distance between the measured acoustic velocity field and the simulated one. Computations rely on the resolution of the 2D linearized Euler equations in the harmonic domain, spatially discretized by a discontinuous Galerkin scheme. The gradient of the objective function is achieved by the resolution, at each iteration on the liner impedance, of the direct and adjoint equations. The solver is first validated on academic test cases, then on experimental results of acoustic pressure measurements at the rigid wall opposite the liner. Secondly the method is applied to acoustic velocity measurements obtained by LDV above the liner without flow, in the ONERA B2A test bench. The last step consists in taking into account the effects of a sheared grazing flow. The impedances educed from LDV measurements in the presence of flow namely allowed to gain insight into the absorption phenomena occuring in the B2A test bench.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal