Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009 / Empresas e instituições que produzem sistemas de informações precisam estar sempre em busca de metodologias e estratégias tecnológicas que aumentem seu poder de organizar e disponibilizar seus dados. Precisam estabelecer mecanismos de interoperabilidade dos seus sistemas próprios e com outros externos, principalmente nesses tempos em que a Internet se impõe como tecnologia predominante. Isto implica em transmitir e receber conhecimentos de domínios de conhecimentos de várias fontes. A Web semântica foi concebida com esse intuito. A construção de ontologias através de uma linguagem própria, a Ontology Web Language, disponibiliza formatos estruturados e organizados que podem ser associados às páginas da Internet. Essas tecnologias estão permitindo a construção de softwares para buscas e interpretações automáticas de conteúdos. Neste trabalho é proposto estudo dessas tecnologias seguindo o percurso do conhecimento nas suas várias fases e apoiadas pela larga discussão na comunidade científica. Através de um estudo de caso, percorre os caminhos necessários para construção de uma aplicação sobre os dados da Política Nacional de Cirurgias Eletivas do Ministério da Saúde em bases relacionais, utilizando o contexto da Web semântica. Almeja, dessa forma,introduzir o tema Ontologias e Web semântica ao corpo dirigente e técnico do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde do Ministério da Saúde na perspectiva de sua adoção em futuros trabalhos da instituição, produtora de sistemas e disseminação de informações de interesse público. / Companies and institutions that develop systems need to be always on the search of technological methodologies and strategies which increase their power to organize and to make their data available. They need to establish mechanisms of interoperability of their own systems and with external systems, especially in these times in which the Internet shows itself as the predominant technology. This imply in transmitting and receiving knowledge from several sources of knowledge domains. The Semantic Web was conceived with this intention. The construction of ontologies through an own language, the Ontology Web Language - OWL, makes available structure and organized formats which can be associated to Internet pages. These technologies are allowing the construction of software to automatic search and content interpretation. In this work it is proposed the study of these technologies following the course of knowledge in its several phases and supported by wide discussion on the scientific community. The aim, through a case study, is to run the necessary paths to build an application about data of the National Policy on elective surgeries of the Ministry of Health in relational databases, using the context of the Semantic Web. In this way, it´s expected to introduce the Ontologies and Semantic Web themes to the directory and technical staff of the Ministry of Health toward their adoption in future works of an institution, that produces systems and spreads valuable information to the society.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-07-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:12:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 carnier_le_me_bauru.pdf: 1982119 bytes, checksum: b4ab862bfa7521b0f63af29532202451 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A hospitalização infantil para realização de cirurgia envolve uma sobrecarga emocional tanto para as crianças quanto para sua família. Sabendo que adultos e crianças são atingidos de modo semelhante pelo stress, este estudo avaliou o nível de stress de acompanhantes e crianças em situação pré-cirúrgica e as estratégias de enfrentamento (coping) das crianças nesta situação. Participaram 63 crianças, com idade entre 7 e 12 anos, hospitalizadas para cirurgias eletivas, e seus acompanhantes. Para verificar as variáveis sociodemográficas e de hospitalização das crianças, um Questionário de Levantamento de Informações, elaborado para este estudo, foi aplicado nos acompanhantes. Para avaliar a presença de stress nas crianças, foi aplicada a Escola de Stress Infantil (ESI) e, nos acompanhantes, o Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para adultos de Lipp (ISSL). Aplicou-se o Instrumento de Avaliação das Estratégias de Enfrentamento da Hospitalização (AEH) para identificar as estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas pelas crianças para lidar com a hospitalização. Observou-se que cerca de 12,7% das crianças apresentaram stress e 23,8% possibilidade de stress, especialmente para sintomas psicológicos (33%), relacionados às variáveis: idade (sete a oito anos), sexo feminino, não ter experiência anterior com cirurgia e receber pouca informação acerca do período perioperatório. As crianças informadas pelo médico e com informação sobre o procedimento cirúrgico, apresentaram menor nível de stress. A maioria dos acompanhantes (76%) foram diagnosticados como estressados, com prevalência da fase de resistência e sintomas psicológicos principalmente as do sexo feminino. As crianças pontuaram mais comportamentos facilitadores da hospitalização como: tomar medicação, assistir TV e conversar. Meninas, crianças com idade igual ou superior a 11 anos e crianças... / Children's hospitalization for surgery may involve an emotional burden for both, the child and for his family. Knowing that adults and children alike are affected by stress, this study evaluated the stress level of caregivers and children in pre-surgical situation and the coping strategies of children in this situation. Participated in this study 63 children aged between seven and 12 years hospitalized for elective sugery and their carers. To determine the sociodemographic variables and hospitalizationn of children, a questionnaire survey of information prepared for this study was applied in companions. To evaluate the the presence of stress in children, was applied the Escala de Stress Infantil (ESI) and, in accompanying the Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para adultos de Lipp (ISSL). To identify the coping strategies used bu children to cope with hospitalization was applied the Instrumento de Avaliação das Estratégias de Enfrentamento da Hospitalização (AEH). It was observed that approximately 12.7% of children showed stress and 23.8% possibility of stress, especially for psychological psychological symptoms (33%), related to the variables age (seven to eight years), female, have no previous experience with surgery and receive little information about the perioperative period. The children reported by the physician and the surgical procedure had a lower level of stress. The most caregivers (76%) were diagnosed as stressed, with a prevalecence of resistance phase and psychological symptons. The fact that a woman companion and chief caregiver, in addition to being a companion of young children with no previous surgical experience and female was related with higher stress. The children scored more facilitative behaviors of hospitalization as taking medication, watching TV and chatting. Girls, children aged less than 11 years and children ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Paula Schmidt Azevedo Gaiolla / Resumo: Introdução: Sabemos que o paciente que será submetido a procedimento cirúrgico estará sujeito ao estresse metabólico inerente ao próprio procedimento e às alterações na homeostase causadas pela doença de base. Assim, a avaliação e a terapia nutricional implementadas durante o perioperatório são de fundamental importância para que os indivíduos apresentem a melhor resposta possível a injúria decorrente da cirurgia, associada ao menor período de recuperação, de preferência sem complicações. A avaliação nutricional se mostra complexa a medida que leva em consideração vários fatores já que modernamente o conceito de desnutrição é amplo e avalia também o estado de inflamação sistêmico e não apenas o IMC. Em tempos nos quais temos cada vez mais pacientes obesos, porém desnutridos, uma avaliação ampla e multifatorial é imprescindível. Hoje contamos com escalas que nos ajudam a avaliar esses pacientes, entre elas o Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS) 2002, com medidas antropométricas e de composição corporal e a avaliação laboratorial, como por exemplo a dosagem da albumina. Objetivo: Criar um Manual e Protocolo de Avaliação Pré-operatória e de terapia nutricional no paciente cirúrgico a ser implantado e seguido no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu. Método: Foi realizada revisão da Literatura de artigos relevantes e Diretrizes Brasileiras e Internacionais, utilizando a base de dados Pubmed. As palavras e expressões chaves utilizadas foram: “ Preoperative risk sc... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction: It´s known that the patient who will undergo a surgical procedure will be subject to the metabolic stress inherent in the procedure itself and the changes in homeostasis caused by the underlying disease. Thus, the evaluation and nutritional therapy implemented during the perioperative period are of fundamental importance for individuals to present the best possible response to injury due to surgery and the shortest recovery period, preferably without complications. Nutritional assessment is complex as it takes into account several factors, since the concept of malnutrition is broad and it also evaluates the state of systemic inflammation and not only BMI. Today, as we have a growing number of obese but malnourished patients, a comprehensive and multifactorial evaluation is essential. To make this evaluation possible we have scales that help us to evaluate these patients, among them the Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS) 2002, and the analysis of serum markers such as albumin. Objective: To create a Protocol for Pre-operative Evaluation and Nutritional Therapy in the surgical patient to be implanted and followed in the “Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu”. Method: The literature of relevant articles in Brazilian and International Guidelines hás been reviewed using the Pubmed database. Key words and phrases used were: "Preoperative risk screening", "Preoperative nutritional risk stratification", "Preoperative nutritional risk stratification",... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

O presente trabalho visa investigar os conceitos de crítica e experiência na obra de Walter Benjamin em torno dos anos de 1920, como resultado dos desdobramentos do Programa de 1918, de modo a pôr em relevo seu entrelaçamento com os conceitos de mito e Iluminismo. Para tanto, este trabalho concentra-se no estudo da dissertação de doutoramento do filósofo acerca do romantismo de Iena, bem como seu ensaio crítico sobre As afinidades eletivas de Goethe. Quanto ao primeiro, mostra-se que o conceito de crítica imanente une-se às perspectivas da filosofia e poesia românticas, o que se deve, em especial, ao messianismo presente veladamente no conceito de reflexão. No segundo, tem-se em vista o problema da crítica e da experiência em nova chave, cujos desdobramentos assinalam as relações entre mito e Iluminismo, o que também inclui uma crítica ao eterno retorno, a concepção mítica do tempo. / The present paper aims to investigate the concepts of critique and experience in the work of Walter Benjamin written in the years around 1920, which was derived from On the program of the coming philosophy written in 1918 and thus to highlight their intertwined relationship with the concepts of myth and Enlightenment. To do so, this paper focuses on Benjamin\'s doctorate thesis, The concept of art criticism in German romanticism, as well as on his critical essay on Goethes Elective Affinities. Regarding the first one, we show that the concept of immanent critique joins the perspectives of romantic philosophy and poetics, which is particularly due to the hidden presence of messianism in the concept of reflection. In the second one, we focus on the problem of critique and experience in a new formulation, whose developments show the relations between myth and Enlightenment, which also includes a critique of the eternal return, the mythical concept of time.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:22:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao luiz fernandes.pdf: 553158 bytes, checksum: 8471ccb04c568beedb227fa26fa836f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-03 / Based on qualitative researches done by political marketing group during the elective period aimed the legitimacy of political discourse on the free tv elective program, this work verifies the not hegemonic possibilities of civil society in building the agenda of that discourse and, as a result, empowering the democracy and the citizenship. The political rationality of the poor citizens was investigated by comparing it to the dominant classes. this study also investigated the subjects and perceptions raised in the qualitative researches and its match to the public interest to the political citizenship, besides its reflection in the tv program. The methodology was the same suggested by palacios (2007) in digital journalism. first, a literature review was done considering democracy and citizenship concepts. after that, the research object was delimited- the elective discourse on free tv elective program, followed by the citizen agenda hypothesis. then, analysis categories to do the empirical study seen in here as a case study was created by using qualitative researches done during municipal election in 2008 in Goiânia. It was done in two moments. in the first (pre-elective, 45 days before the propaganda ruled by elective justice court) the collected material was analyzed according to oliveira´s interactive methodology (2007). in the second moment, the results were compared to the free tv elective program conducted by the winner candidate.The conclusion is that citizenship is not a factor of influence in the political discourse agenda. it is not due to other discourses such as the media , negative propaganda or interferences in political field, but because there is a consolidate idea among poor citizens against political discussions in primary communicative spaces, where micro or alternative public spheres could exist. there were not agreements or understandings among those citizens which could convince the politicians to include them in their discourses / Tomando como base as pesquisas qualitativas, realizadas pelo marketing político no período eleitoral, com o objetivo estratégico de legitimar o discurso político no Horário Gratuito de Propaganda Eleitoral, esse trabalho verifica as possibilidades contra-hegemônicas da sociedade civil de fazer o agendamento desse mesmo discurso, fortalecendo a democracia e a cidadania. Procurou-se investigar a racionalidade política nos subcidadãos das classes subalternas, em comparação com as classes privilegiadas ou classes dominantes; verificar os temas e percepções levantadas nas pesquisas qualitativas e sua aproximação do interesse público e da cidadania política, bem como seus reflexos no discurso político eleitoral transmitido através do HGPE. A metodologia utilizada nesta dissertação foi a de Palácios (2007) para estudar o jornalismo digital. Inicialmente foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os conceitos de democracia e cidadania para, em seguida, delimitar o objeto dessa dissertação que é o discurso eleitoral veiculado através do Horário Gratuito de Propaganda Eleitoral e formular hipótese de agendamento cidadão. Num terceiro momento, foram elaboradas as categorias de análise para a realização do estudo empírico por meio de um estudo de caso utilizando as pesquisas qualitativas nas eleições municipais de 2008 em Goiânia, em dois momentos: o primeiro, pré-eleitoral, iniciado um mês antes da eleição, e outro, eleitoral, durante os 45 dias de propaganda estabelecida pela Justiça Eleitoral. O material coletado foi processado e analisado com base na Metodologia Interativa de Oliveira (2007) e, ao final, comparado com o HGPE do candidato vencedor do pleito.A conclusão a que se chegou é que a cidadania não tem grande influência como fator de agendamento do discurso político eleitoral. Não porque divide com outros fatores a possibilidade de agendamento do discurso político no caso: a mídia, a propaganda negativa e as interferências do campo político , mas sim porque há uma consolidada aversão dos eleitores das classes subalternas em levar para os espaços comunicativos primários a discussão política que transformaria esses espaços em micro esferas públicas ou esferas públicas alternativas e, conseqüentemente, permitisse a realização de um consenso que chegue a um lugar de entendimento que contemple a todos e possa ser apresentado como argumento de convencimento dos atores políticos para se fazer o agendamento cidadão

The topic of the diploma thesis is speech therapy and intervention of pupils with elective mutism. The thesis is structured into four chapters. The theoretical framework is presented in three chapters, the fourth one is an empirical part of the thesis. The first theoretical chapter describes the concept of communication and the definitions of basic terms, such as speech communication, speech, language, language levels of speech, socialization and social interaction. There are also listed terminological definition of elective mutism, etiology, classification and symptomatology. The second theoretical chapter is based on the issues of speech therapy and intervention and its system in the Czech Republic in terms of diagnostics, differential diagnostics, the process of therapy, prevention and prognosis. The third chapter describes the multidisciplinary approaches and support of the pupils with elective mutism in terms of family and school education. The role of the teacher is also described and at the end of the chapter indicated the help to the pupil in basic education. The fourth empirical chapter deals with qualitative research, realized by case studies, which were supplemented by other research techniques. The main objective of the research was to analyze speech therapy and intervention in pupils...

Trots att det i sjukvården betraktas som normalt att föda barn vaginalt väljer en del kvinnor att föda sina barn med hjälp av kejsarsnitt utan att det föreligger någon medicinsk indikation, varken för mor eller barn (elektivt sectio). Den medicinska vetenskapen visar att det både är säkrare och bättre i de flesta fall att föda vaginalt, men antalet elektiva kejsarsnitt ökar årligen. Kunskap om vad som driver kvinnor att önska elektivt kejsarsnitt kan öka möjligheten att minska kejsarsnitt som görs utan medicinsk indikation. Kunskapen är viktig för barnmorskor som kan hjälpa gravida kvinnor att i högre grad välja att föda sitt barn vaginalt då det inte föreligger indikation för kejsarsnitt. Syftet med arbetet var att beskriva kvinnors önskan om att föda sitt barn med hjälp av  elektivt kejsarsnitt utan att det föreligger någon medicinsk indikation för kejsarsnitt. En litteraturstudie har genomförts där sökningar efter artiklar gjorts i databaserna PubMed, CINAHL och APA PsychInfo. Till studiens resultat har 20 vetenskapliga artiklar, både kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar använts. De publicerade studierna är genomförda i  olika länder, en del i höginkomstländer och en del i medelinkomstländer enligt måttet bruttonationalprodukt per person och år, vilken beskriver ett lands produktion utifrån dess befolkningsutveckling (BNP per capita). Samtliga artiklar är publicerade mellan åren 2009-2019, och är etiskt godkända.  Kvinnors anledning att önska elektivt kejsarsnitt utan medicinsk indikation sammanfattas i detta arbete med två övergripande teman: Vaginal förlossning ett hot och Kejsarsnitt garanterar hälsa och trygghet. Kvinnornas rädsla för vaginal förlossning var en framträdande anledning till att önska kejsarsnitt. Rädslan hade sitt ursprung i egna eller andras negativa erfarenheter av vaginal förlossning. Rädslan grundades också i en oro för att kvinnans utseende och hennes relation skulle påverkas av en vaginal förlossning. Önskan om kejsarsnitt utan medicinsk indikation grundades i en tro om att ingreppet skulle garantera hälsa och trygghet för mor och barn, något som vaginal förlossning inte kunde erbjuda.  Den mest framträdande anledningen till att kvinnor önskade kejsarsnitt utan medicinsk indikation var en intensiv rädsla för en vaginal förlossning. Kvinnorna hade uppfattningen att ett kejsarsnitt skulle garantera säkerhet för mor och barn. Det kan inte uteslutas att önskan om elektivt kejsarsnitt kan bero på brist på kunskap.  Det finns ytterligare behov av forskning på ämnet, förslagsvis på interventioner från sjukvården som fokuserar på att utbilda födande kvinnor om vinsterna med vaginal förlossning.

The work is devoted to the effective design of electives for pupils. The paper considers the problems of the development of technological thinking in secondary school students; inconsistencies in the material and technical base of educational institutions that do not allow pupils to fully solve actual production, technological, and design and research tasks in the classroom. In the course of the work, a detailed analysis of various literature on the stated problems was carried out, as well as a draft of the optional course “Post-industrial society” was developed, a content plan, a thesaurus and constructs of training courses of the optional course were drawn up. In the future, it is going to continue work on the project and introduce it into the school system. The implementation of the project in extracurricular activities of a technological orientation will allow students to form such important competencies as: initiative, the ability to think technologically and find innovative solutions to problem situations, and the ability to self-educate. / Работа посвящена разработке проекта факультативного курса способствующего развитию технологического мышления учащихся старшей школы. В работе рассматриваются проблемы развития технологического мышления учащихся общеобразовательной школы; несоответствия материально-технической базы образовательных учреждении, не позволяющих учащимся на уроках в полной мере решать актуальные производственно-технологические и проектно-исследовательские задачи. В ходе работы был проведён подробный анализ различной литературы по заявленным проблемам, а также был разработан проект факультативного курса «Постиндустриальное общество», составлен тематический план, тезаурус и конструкты учебных занятий факультативного курса. В дальнейшем планируется продолжить работу над проектом и внедрить его в систему школьного образования. Реализация проекта во внеурочной деятельности технологической направленности позволит сформировать у учащихся такие важные компетенции как: инициативность, способность технологически мыслить и находить нестандартные решения проблемных ситуации, способность к самообразованию.

This thesis deals with interest of the students of the Secondary school of social services of Kavčí hory in an optional course in sports and games. The thesis is divided into two parts, the theoretical and the practical. The theoretical part briefly introduces the history of physical education in Czech schools, development of the subject physical education and its optional form of sports and games, and selected forms of extracurricular activities. The practical part demonstrates the results of a survey conducted at the Secondary school of social services of Kavčí hory and their analysis. It also makes concrete recommendations for the school and its teachers of physical education with reference to the elective course in sports and games. The research has shown that a sufficient number of students from the school have demonstrated an interest in the elective course in sports and games and, therefore, the subject could be offered (and enough students would enrol). As regards the content, the students were most interested in volleyball, gymnastics, floorball and general sports activities. KEYWORDS Physical education, school curriculum, elective course in sports and games, popularity of sports activities, student interest in an elective course in sports and games, Secondary school of social services of...

Survey on maternal satisfaction in receiving spinal anesthesia for Cesarean section / A quantitative descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the maternal satisfaction after the experience of spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section in one public hospital of Gauteng Province in South Africa. Data were collected by administering a questionnaire which included the demographic profile and satisfaction score in terms of perioperative elements to 82 women in their postoperative period. Analysis of data was performed by The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 13 and Excel 2010 was used for tabular and graphical illustrations. The findings revealed that the majority of women studied were black (95,1%), not married (73,2%) and unemployed (64,6%). The levels of maternal satisfaction in terms of intraoperative, postoperative and other perioperative elements were high, at 94,4%, 90,3% and 85,4% respectively. The lowest percentage (76,8%) was found for the maternal satisfaction about the preoperative explanation. The overall level of maternal satisfaction in this study was 86,7%. The majority of women (82,9%) would opt for spinal anaesthesia in future, while 6,1% would not accept it and 11,0% were not sure if they would opt for it or not. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)