This study seeks to illuminate which understanding of democracy the written U.S. digital news media propagates to its readers, through the lens of the 2016 presidential election. This is done through discourse theory and analysis inspired by Laclau & Mouffes work on nodal points and discursive webs. Other theories involve polyarchy as a definition of democracy as well as rational models for voter participation. Written digital articles related to the 2016 election, chosen through entering keywords related to democracy and voting, from a broad range of larger media houses are used as material for the study. The study found that the discourse created and mediated by the news articles, when taken as a whole, understands democracy as a contest between different demographical groups. Race or ethnicity are the most commonly referenced groups. The election is a battle between the candidates’ personalities to entice “their” specific groups to get out and vote. Policy or political issues are rarely mentioned in the articles. Voter participation is low according to the discourse, but that might not be such a big problem according to the discourse. A larger problem for democracy is corruption, political elitism and a poorly designed electoral system.

This diploma thesis deals with the Czech Pirate Party participation on the Czech political scene. It focuses on the formation of the party and its programme, achievements in the past elections and the preparations for the upcoming elections. It analyses the 2014 municipal council election, which happened to be the most successful election for the Czech Pirate Party in terms of elected representatives. It defines the municipal authorities in accordance with the relevant law. It focuses on the principle of the local election, its system, electoral method and the rules for the candidate parties. It introduces local coalition typology and also analyses the type of coalition in selected municipalities. It introduces the Czech Pirate Party 2014 municipal council election programme and party's candidate lists in selected municipalities. It analyses thoroughly the fulfilment of their campaign promises and the methods used for the realization of the Pirate politics. It compares Czech Pirate Party's coalition and opposition behaviour.

Reduzir o abismo que separa representante e representado tem sido um dos desafios à democracia. O conceito de electoral accountability, ou responsabilização eleitoral, poderia ser um instrumento que melhoraria a qualidade da representação. Contudo, há claros limites para o seu desenvolvimento, entre eles, a necessidade de eleitores informados politicamente. Além disso, parte da literatura argumenta que o conceito é um valor normativo somente em arranjos institucionais majoritários. Assim, este trabalho objetiva analisar a responsabilização eleitoral no Brasil, através do nível informacional presente no eleitorado. Ao utilizar o Estudo Eleitoral Brasileiro de 2002 (ESEB), examina-se o grau em que as pessoas são politicamente informadas e como isto altera padrões de comportamento político, incluindo a percepção sobre a legitimidade do sistema político. Concluímos que pessoas com maior capacidade de responsabilização eleitoral possuem um comportamento político diferenciado e têm maior probabilidade de perceberem a democracia como sendo legítima. Argumentamos, ainda, que o conceito de responsabilização eleitoral deve ser valorizado em todas as democracias, independente do arranjo institucional. / Reduce the gulf between representative and voter has been one of challenges to democracy. The concept of electoral accountability could be a tool to improve the quality of representation. However, there are clear limits to its development, including the need to politically informed voters. Furthermore, the literature argues that the concept is a normative value only in institutional arrangements majority. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the electoral accountability in Brazil, through the informational level in electorate. Using the Brazilian Electoral Study of 2002, we examined the degree to which people are politically informed and how this alters patterns of political behavior, including the perception about the legitimacy of political system. We conclude that people with bigger capacity of electoral accountability have a different political behavior and are more likely to perceive democracy as legitimate. We argue that concept of electoral accountability should be enhanced in all democracies, regardless of institutional arrangement.

The diploma thesis is focused on the role of appearance in electoral decision making in the presence of political information and voters' characteristics. In the theoretical part experimental researches and real elections researches, which are focused on the appearance of political candidates, are presented. The results highlight the presence of stereotyped thinking in electoral decision making, the influence of the appearance of attractive candidates and the perceived competencies, that have a predominantly positive effect on electoral success, the negative evaluation of candidates with higher weight, and the inconsistent evaluation of ethnicity and gender of political candidates. Current research has shown that a political program, shared values and personalities at the head of political parties have been selected in the elections of political parties, and in the fictitious elections the candidate with the same political attitude has the greatest chance of success. However, the appearance of political candidates affects the success of candidates even in the presence of political attitudes and the characteristics of the respondents. Preferred is the attractiveness of the candidate and the appearance of competence, which is controlled by attractiveness and older age. A nice look of political...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:54:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 leite_ffd_me_fran.pdf: 650412 bytes, checksum: 1743912d2028b2c3f3b583d179cdc604 (MD5) / O ano de 1930 na política nacional foi marcado pela ascensão de Getúlio Vargas ao poder federal, inaugurando um período inconstitucional. Resultado direto das pressões oposicionistas, o presidente convocou eleições para a Assembléia Constituinte em 1933. A Igreja Católica teve participação direta na composição dessa assembleia, com a organização do grupo político conhecido como Liga Eleitoral Católica, subordinado diretamente a Ação Católica. Essa pesquisa busca entender como houve a intersecção dos interesses da Igreja Católica Brasileira com os do Estado Varguista, seja no Brasil ou na região de Ribeirão Preto. A elite política paulista participou da constituinte de 1933 defendendo os interesses de seu grupo Católico, com objetivo de montar a reconstrução da “Ordem Cristã”, que só se faria com sólidos alicerces morais, daí a preocupação da hierarquia Católica com o ensino religioso nas escolas públicas, além da indissolubilidade do casamento e a validação do matrimônio religioso para fins jurídicos. Seria necessária a intervenção do clero para que a nova constituição abandonasse o caráter laico? O caminho teórico encontrado para responder tais questionamentos foi o da autocompreensão da Igreja, pois somente de dentro da instituição seria possível entender sua necessidade de retornar aos meandros políticos do Estado Brasileiro. Todas as colocações apresentadas pelo clero nacional foram atendidas na redação da Constituição de 1934, representada inclusive por seu caráter leigo / The year of 1930 in the national politics was marked by the ascension of Getúlio Vargas to the federal power inaugurating an unconstitutional period. As a result of opposing pressures, the president convoked elections to the Constituent Assembly in 1933. The Catholic Church had direct participation in the composition of this Assembly with the organization of the political group known as Electoral Catholic League subordinated directly to the Catholic Action. This study aims to understand how the intersection between the Brazilian Catholic Church and Vargas‟ Government took place, be it in Brazil or only in the city of Ribeirão Preto. The political elite of the State of São Paulo participated in the Constituent of 1933 defending the interests of its own Catholic group, aiming to restructure the Christian Order, which would only be built on solid moral basis and generated worries with Religious teachings at Schools preached by the Catholic hierarchy, besides the indissolubility of the marriage and the validation of the religious matrimony with juridical endings. Would a Cleric intervention be necessary so that the new Constitution could abandon its laic character? The theoretical path followed to answer such questions was the Church´s self comprehension, for only by being inside the institution it would be possible to understand its necessity to return to the political meanders of the Brazilian State. Every argument presented by the National Clergy was answered in the text of the Constitution of 1934, represented by its lay character

This diploma thesis deals with the political systems and its tuition at elementary school. In the theoretical part of the text, the historical development of the idea of democracy in ancient Greece and Rome, the development of parliamentarism in the UK and the expansion of political rights in Europe are announced to the reader. The importance of this development is considerable, as it forms the basis of democratic political institutions that are the core of this thesis. The rest of the theoretical part is dedicated to the undemocratic regimes. It deals with the development of these regimes and its theoretical definition against the democratical one. All of these undemocratic regimes are presented on examples of existing or collapsed states. The practical part of my thesis is dedicated to the tuition of political systems in Framework Educational Program which is presented in the subject Education on Citizenship and the cross-cutting theme Education of Democratic Citizen. The all theoretical knowledge is used in the draft of four tuition blocks. During these classes, students are gradually acquainted with democratic institutions on example of non-profit organisation, municipal and state level. Some of didactic activities shall be used during those four tuition blocks, too. Through these activities,...

Reduzir o abismo que separa representante e representado tem sido um dos desafios à democracia. O conceito de electoral accountability, ou responsabilização eleitoral, poderia ser um instrumento que melhoraria a qualidade da representação. Contudo, há claros limites para o seu desenvolvimento, entre eles, a necessidade de eleitores informados politicamente. Além disso, parte da literatura argumenta que o conceito é um valor normativo somente em arranjos institucionais majoritários. Assim, este trabalho objetiva analisar a responsabilização eleitoral no Brasil, através do nível informacional presente no eleitorado. Ao utilizar o Estudo Eleitoral Brasileiro de 2002 (ESEB), examina-se o grau em que as pessoas são politicamente informadas e como isto altera padrões de comportamento político, incluindo a percepção sobre a legitimidade do sistema político. Concluímos que pessoas com maior capacidade de responsabilização eleitoral possuem um comportamento político diferenciado e têm maior probabilidade de perceberem a democracia como sendo legítima. Argumentamos, ainda, que o conceito de responsabilização eleitoral deve ser valorizado em todas as democracias, independente do arranjo institucional. / Reduce the gulf between representative and voter has been one of challenges to democracy. The concept of electoral accountability could be a tool to improve the quality of representation. However, there are clear limits to its development, including the need to politically informed voters. Furthermore, the literature argues that the concept is a normative value only in institutional arrangements majority. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the electoral accountability in Brazil, through the informational level in electorate. Using the Brazilian Electoral Study of 2002, we examined the degree to which people are politically informed and how this alters patterns of political behavior, including the perception about the legitimacy of political system. We conclude that people with bigger capacity of electoral accountability have a different political behavior and are more likely to perceive democracy as legitimate. We argue that concept of electoral accountability should be enhanced in all democracies, regardless of institutional arrangement.

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Orientador: Ivan Aparecido Manoel / Banca: Geraldo Inácio Filho / Banca: Patrícia Carla de Melo Martins / Resumo: O ano de 1930 na política nacional foi marcado pela ascensão de Getúlio Vargas ao poder federal, inaugurando um período inconstitucional. Resultado direto das pressões oposicionistas, o presidente convocou eleições para a Assembléia Constituinte em 1933. A Igreja Católica teve participação direta na composição dessa assembleia, com a organização do grupo político conhecido como Liga Eleitoral Católica, subordinado diretamente a Ação Católica. Essa pesquisa busca entender como houve a intersecção dos interesses da Igreja Católica Brasileira com os do Estado Varguista, seja no Brasil ou na região de Ribeirão Preto. A elite política paulista participou da constituinte de 1933 defendendo os interesses de seu grupo Católico, com objetivo de montar a reconstrução da "Ordem Cristã", que só se faria com sólidos alicerces morais, daí a preocupação da hierarquia Católica com o ensino religioso nas escolas públicas, além da indissolubilidade do casamento e a validação do matrimônio religioso para fins jurídicos. Seria necessária a intervenção do clero para que a nova constituição abandonasse o caráter laico? O caminho teórico encontrado para responder tais questionamentos foi o da autocompreensão da Igreja, pois somente de dentro da instituição seria possível entender sua necessidade de retornar aos meandros políticos do Estado Brasileiro. Todas as colocações apresentadas pelo clero nacional foram atendidas na redação da Constituição de 1934, representada inclusive por seu caráter leigo / Abstract: The year of 1930 in the national politics was marked by the ascension of Getúlio Vargas to the federal power inaugurating an unconstitutional period. As a result of opposing pressures, the president convoked elections to the Constituent Assembly in 1933. The Catholic Church had direct participation in the composition of this Assembly with the organization of the political group known as Electoral Catholic League subordinated directly to the Catholic Action. This study aims to understand how the intersection between the Brazilian Catholic Church and Vargas‟ Government took place, be it in Brazil or only in the city of Ribeirão Preto. The political elite of the State of São Paulo participated in the Constituent of 1933 defending the interests of its own Catholic group, aiming to restructure the Christian Order, which would only be built on solid moral basis and generated worries with Religious teachings at Schools preached by the Catholic hierarchy, besides the indissolubility of the marriage and the validation of the religious matrimony with juridical endings. Would a Cleric intervention be necessary so that the new Constitution could abandon its laic character? The theoretical path followed to answer such questions was the Church's self comprehension, for only by being inside the institution it would be possible to understand its necessity to return to the political meanders of the Brazilian State. Every argument presented by the National Clergy was answered in the text of the Constitution of 1934, represented by its lay character / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:14:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2538.pdf: 3718258 bytes, checksum: 4f8124ece498120473e681a7a6c716e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-28 / The objective of this work is to analyze the partisan vote in elections for the Executive in the State of São Paulo, as much with the vote for Governor how much for President. The clipping that was made for this work is the period that understands the elections of 1998, 2002 and 2006, being that the analyzed parties are: PSDB (Brazilian Social democracy Party) and PT (Labor Party). The studied data had been collected in TSE (Electoral Superior Court) e, from them, made crossings between candidate the President for a party and candidate the Governor for the other party and vice versa, in order to observe the coherence of the vote in the parties in distinct disputes. From this maps of the vote in the State was made, having shown where each party gets better resulted and also to verify if in such a way in the dispute for the government of the State how much for the Presidency it has coherence in the partisan vote. / O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o voto partidário em eleições para o Executivo no Estado de São Paulo, tanto com o voto para Governador quanto para Presidente. O recorte que foi feito para este trabalho é o período que compreende as eleições de 1998, 2002 e 2006, sendo que os partidos analisados são: PSDB (Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira) e PT (Partido dos Trabalhadores). Os dados estudados foram coletados no TSE (Tribunal Superior Eleitoral) e, a partir deles, feitos cruzamentos entre candidato a Presidente por um partido e candidato a Governador pelo outro partido e viceversa, de modo a observar a coerência do voto nos partidos em disputas distintas. A partir disso foi feito um geoprocessamento do voto no Estado, mostrando onde cada partido obtém melhor resultado e também verificar se tanto na disputa para o governo do Estado quanto para a Presidência há coerência no voto partidário.