The purpose of this project is to create a map showcasing the distribution of charging stations in the surrounding areas of Uppsala city in Uppsala Municipality. Additionally, the project examines the expected development of electric car utilization, identifies essential requirements, and highlights significant actors driving this development. Through an analysis of factors, such as demographic data, geographical data, car fleet data, car density and travel patterns, the project seeks to gain insight into the present and future usage patterns of electric cars. By understanding these factors, the research contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics surrounding the adoption of electric cars outside cities. Moreover, this project provides information on the optimal placement of charging infrastructure to facilitate the transition towards electric mobility. Calculations and assumptions are made to calculate the total number of electric cars in Uppsala city's surrounding areas in 2040. Based on this number, the total installed public power capacity needed is calculated in accordance with an EU regulation called AFIR. The total capacity is distributed on five different power capacities to match the need at each location. To achieve this, key actors have been examined. In addition, development and key actors in Norway are analyzed to examine similarities and to give a brief view into the future.  The results indicate that there will be a significant increase of electric cars in Uppsala Municipality. Therefore, expanding the charging infrastructure is shown to be essential. Due to the expected high usage of home charging outside cities, public charging is believed to be mostly necessary for tourists and passersby. Nevertheless, there are uncertainties that could influence the development of electric cars, which in turn would have an impact on the results. Finally, there follows a discussion both on the results and factors which could have affected the model.

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This work aims to develop a model capable of calculating the energy consumption of an electric car. The goal is a method of calculating the energy needs for a certain trip and presenting recommendations for a more efficient driving mode. The purpose of the work is to create a tool to help drivers use less energy and identify problems when developing such a tool. The model is based on a power equation which considers air resistance, rolling resistance, height differences and acceleration. A model of regenerative brakes is also developed in order to account for regained kinetic energy. Using map data, a routing tool is developed to allow input of a trip which the model can calculate energy needs for. The model shows for an example car Porsche Taycan 4S over a specific test-trip an energy consumption of 128.65 Wh/km and a 3% energy savings in relation to energy efficient driving. When evaluating the model against the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) and the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) estimated driving ranges corresponding to 493.3 km and 521.2 km respectively, in relation to official statistics of 396 km. Finally, findings during development, problems with the model and recommendations are discussed.

Before vehicles were heavily relied on coal, fossil fuels and wind for power.  Now, they are rapidly being replaced by electric vehicles and or plug-in hybrid electric cars. But these electric cars are still faced with the problem of energy availability because they rely on energy from biomass, hydro power and wind turbines for power generation. The abundance of solar radiation and its use as solar energy as a power source in driving these rapidly increasing electric cars is not only an important decision but also a necessary condition for eradication of environmental pollution. This study presents a model for charging electric cars from solar energy. Little focus on detailed technologies involved from solar energy capture to battery charging but our main focus is how to provide a modified charging parking lot in Karlskrona city-Sweden. With a surface area of 2850m2, we were able to choose 1STH-350-WH as the right PV modules. Based on the latitude of our design area, a computed 71 degrees angle positioning between solar panel and roof so as to maximise the surface area and optimise the solar irradiance gathering. Based on the power output of approximately116kW these PV modules generated, we further analysed and selected SDP 30KW inverter and Monocrystalline Silicon (1SolTech 1STH-350-WH (350W) solar modules. Also we provide different car charging method by choosing the SAE J1772 standard as one of specifications for dedicated vehicle charging and Clipper Creek HSC-40 as our option of charger. With the data of the generating solar energy every day, charging time, consuming power, we can estimate how many cars the system can handle to charge. Moreover, our system provides AC power from AC power network by general socket type F. We finally concluded that, our model for charging of electric car batteries was not only supportive but efficient in terms of extracting solar energy from sunlight to charge electric cars, thus making the region an eco-friendly place.

Examensarbetet kommer undersöka aktiv ljuddesign för tysta personbilar. Utifrån tidigare forskning om hur elbilen utsätter människor i tätområden för fara på grund av avsaknaden av auditiv information, ska vi utveckla förslag på dynamiska billjud som förhåller sig till trafiksäkerhet, design och minskade ljudföroreningar. Den totala ljudnivån i städer är långt över rekommendationen och följden blir ett hälsoproblem i större städer. Den här undersökningen kommer därför behandla problematiken kring ljudföroreningar i städer och hur elbilen kan sänka den totala ljudnivån och samtidigt bibehålla medvetenheten hos de gående och cyklister som hamnar i riskzonen när bilar inte längre låter lika starkt. Vår gestaltning resulterade i motorljud som inte bara har en varnade effekt på sin omgivning, utan som också minskar ljudföroreningar i jämförelse med förbränningsmotorer. / This degree project will examine active sound design for quiet vehicles. Based on former research wether electric cars expose humans living in urban areas to danger due to the absence of auditive information, we will develop suggestions for dynamic eninge sounds which are related to traffic safety, design and reduced noise pollution. Cities’ overall noise levels are far beyond recommended, and the consequences causes health issues in bigger cities. This paper will therefore discuss the problems with noise pollution in cities, and wether the electric car is capable of reducing the overall sound levels while maintaining pedestrians’ and cyclists’ awareness in traffic by auditive information. Our interpretation resulted in engine sounds which not only contains a causionary effect on it’s surroundings, but also could contribute to the reduction of noise pollution in comparison to combustion engines.

This thesis deals with design concept of the electric car. At first, vehicle dynamics was solved in program MathCad. The components were selected from the obtained results. This was followed by a proposal layout design and vehicles main dimensions design. The frame was created in program ProEngineer, and then imported into ANSYS. Simulation of torsional rigidity was made in ANSYS by FEM.

This diploma thesis deals with concept design of electric car with electric in-wheel motors. The designing work starts with modeling of dynamic through acceleration and range of electric car. This was necessary to choose important components. These components were placed based on given criteria. The full model of electric car was designed in program Creo Parametric. In the final chapter stress analysis via program Ansys is presented.

Two trends that have become increasingly noticeable in recent years are increased data volumes and an increased focus on climate change. With an ever-increasing number of companies performing value-creating activities at the intersection of these two areas, and still relatively few previous studies, there is an interest in investigating how these two areas can be integrated. The purpose of the work is therefore to investigate the integration of sustainability data in Business Intelligence (BI) for companies in greentech, i.e. companies whose goal is to use technology to contribute to a more sustainable future. Based on this, guidelines and insights about good design and implications for the business are then generated. An interdisciplinary approach is utilized where accepted design theory, such as Donald Norman's design principles and the Action Design Research development framework, is combined with information systems and business intelligence theory. In practice, this has meant an iterative process where a prototype of a Business Intelligence tool has been developed to visualize sustainability data for a greentech company. The tool has been continuously evaluated by representatives from different parts of the company to investigate which factors are most important for high usability and what effects more easily accessible sustainability data has on the business. The investigation shows, among other things, that it is of great importance that the tool is closely aligned with the organization’s other activities, both in terms of design and daily operations, and that a highly requested functionality is the ability to segment and compare data in many ways. At the same time, there are several aspects that add complexity to the issue, such as a conflict between the organization and the employees as to whether Swedish or English should be the language of the tool. In addition, the results also indicate that a lack of easily accessible and accurate data can result in decisions being made based on intuition and experience, despite the advice of previous research. Something that also emerges clearly during the tests is the trend that an increasing number of companies need to report more sustainability information, and the area is therefore highly relevant for further research. / Två trender som blivit alltmer påtagliga de senaste åren är ökade datamängder och ökat fokus på klimatförändringar. Med ett ständigt växande antal företag som bedriver värdeskapande verksamhet i skärningen mellan dessa två områden, och ännu relativt få tidigare studier, finns det således ett intresse att undersöka hur dessa två områden kan integreras. Syftet med arbetet formuleras som en ansats att undersöka integreringen av hållbarhetsdata inom Business Intelligence (BI) för företag inom greentech, alltså företag vars mål är att nyttja teknik för att bidra till en mer hållbar framtid. Utifrån detta genereras sedan riktlinjer och insikter kring god design och implikationer för verksamheten. En tvärvetenskaplig ansats utnyttjas där vedertagen designteori, såsom Donald Normans designprinciper och utvecklingsramverket Action Design Research, kombineras med teori för informationssystem och Business Intelligence. I praktiken har detta inneburit en iterativ process där en prototyp av ett Business Intelligence-verktyg utvecklats för att visualisera hållbarhetsdata för ett greentech-företag. Verktyget har kontinuerligt utvärderats av representanter från olika funktioner i företaget för att undersöka vilka faktorer som är viktigast för hög användbarhet samt vilka effekter mer lättillgängliga hållbarhetsdata har på verksamheten. Undersökningen visar bland annat att det är av stor vikt att verktyget knyts nära övrig verksamhet, både designmässigt och verksamhetsmässigt, samt att en högt efterfrågad funktionalitet är att kunna segmentera och jämföra data på många olika sätt. Samtidigt finns flera aspekter som adderar komplexitet till frågeställningen, exempelvis en motsättning mellan organisationen och medarbetarna kring huruvida svenska eller engelska bör användas som språk i verktyget. Dessutom pekar också resultaten på att en avsaknad av lätt tillgängliga och korrekta data kan resultera i att beslut fattas baserat på intuition och erfarenhet, trots litteraturens avrådan. Någonting annat som även framkommit under testerna är trenden att allt fler företag behöver rapportera mer hållbarhetsinformation, och området därför är högaktuellt för vidare undersökningar.

Micromobility has been on the rise lately with a vast catalogue of electric vehicles reaching the market. Electric scooters, mopeds, bikes, one-wheelers and other vehicles have become the norm in everyday life. Most of these vehicles are meant to replace smaller modes of transport such as ordinary bicycles and skateboards. They are designed to complete the last part of one’s commute or for travelling shorter distances. There is; however, a gap within this segment. There is currently no electric micromobility vehicle on the market that is small and lightweight that has a long enough range to compete with ordinary two-tonne cars for longer commutes. This project aims to remedy this by presenting a solution as well as building a prototype of said solution. The electric vehicle that was built for this project is foldable. The design, when folded, is intended to resemble a large, rollable, suitcase. The overall size of the vehicle when folded is only 700x500x400 mm. When unfolded, it is large enough to seat one person fully enclosed. The top speed is limited to 25 km/h and the maximum range per charge is above 100 km. The prototype weighs 29 kg and is able to carry 95 kg. This thesis proves that it is possible to make small and lightweight electric vehicles that can rival traditional cars when it comes to commuting. These vehicles would reduce emissions, congestion and the need for parking space while also being a cheaper alternative for the end user. / Mikromobilitet segmentet har växt avsevärt de senaste åren. En stor samling av olika elektriska fordon så som elskotrar, mopeder, cyklar och enhjulingar, med fler, har blivit en del av vardagen. De flesta av dessa fordon är skapta för att tilryggalägga kortare sträckor. De är ämnade att ersätta cyklar eller att färdas till fots. Det finns dock ingen produkt inom det här segmentet tillgänglig på marknaden som är designad för att kunna tillryggalägga längre sträckor medans den fortfarande är liten och bärbar. Ett sådant fordon presenteras i denna avhandling som lösning på detta problem. Dessutom konstruerades en prototyp av det föreslagna fordonet för att bevisa att det är möjligt att göra små elektriska fordon med lång räckvidd. Prototypen som tillverkades i denna avhandling är vikbar, vilket gör den lätt att transportera när den inte är i bruk. Hela fordonet viks ihop till en resväska som kan dras på bakhjulen. Den har en ihopvikt storlek av 700x500x400 mm, maxhastighet på 25 km/h och väger 29 kg. Detta fordon kan fullständigt innesluta en person när den är utfälld, bära upp till 95 kg och har en räckvidd på över 100 km per laddning. Fordon likt prototypen i denna avhandling kan hjälpa till med att minska utsläpp, minska behovet av parkeringsplatser och minska stockning på vägarna. Dessutom skulle ett sådant fordon också vara mer ekonomisk för slutanvändaren när det kommer till pendling jämfört med en traditionell bil.

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