Syftet med min undersökning var att ta reda på hur kombinationen av Reggio Emilia, utomhuspedagogik fungerar i relation till Läroplanen för förskolan.Jag ville veta vilka möjligheter som finns med detta arbetssätt men även vilka svårigheter som finns.Jag har valt att använda mig av observation och intervju för att få en helhetssyn på deras verksamhet. Undersökningens observation har genomförts på en avdelning på en förskola i Skåne med barn i fyra och fem års ålder. Intervjun är med två pedagoger från samma avdelning.Resultatet visar att kombinationen av Reggio Emilia och Utomhuspedagogik är förenlig med läroplanen för förskolan och att läroplanen synliggörs mer genom detta arbete.

Titel: Pedagogers förhållningssätt till inomhusmiljönFörfattare: Bozica Möller och Katja FerragamoNyckelord: Inomhusmiljö, Montessori, Reggio EmiliaHandledare: Nils AnderssonExaminator: Mia Karlsson / Title: Teachers approach to indoorenvironment Authors: Bozica Möller and Katja FerragamoKeywords: Indoorenvironment, Montessori, Reggio EmiliaSupervisor: Nils AnderssonExaminer: Mia Karlsson

Hur kan man arbeta Reggio Emilia inspirerat på en förskola? Frågan utgör syftet för denna undersökning i form av en fallstudie på en förskola och består av observationer av verksamheten och intervjuer med fyra pedagoger. Genom att studera hur den historiska förändringen utvecklats inom förskolepedagogiken kan en förståelse fås för populariteten avReggio Emilia som finns idag. Det nämnda tillsammans med resultat från undersökningen och från den upptagna teorin utgör i detta arbete exempel på hur man kan arbeta Reggio Emilia inspirerat. Sammanfattningsvis kan man säga att inspirationen har sin grund i synsättet om det kompetenta barnet där man hela tiden utgår från barnets behov i nuet.

The purpose of this study is to compare differences and similarities that can be found when working with picture books in a preschool inspired by Reggio Emilia versus a traditional preschool. The purpose also includes studying these different preschools views of the picture book as a tool for stimulating children’s language development and other skills the children may gain from using picture books. Qualitative interviews were conducted with four different preschool teachers as a method to obtain the teachers own opinions and approach of working with picture books. The result shows that the picture book played a central role in both kinds of preschools. The picture book is considered to stimulate the children’s language development, fantasy, subject knowledge and giving the children an opportunity to rest for a moment. The result also yielded that the preschools pedagogical orientation is affected by the individual teachers’ attitude. The teachers’ attitude and way of working with the picture book differs depending on how they think children obtains knowledge. Because of this it has been proved difficult to demonstrate any general differences in how the preschools work with the picture book since the individual teacher’s attitude is so important for the children’s meeting with pictures and text. / Studiens syfte är att undersöka vilka likheter och skillnader som visar sig i arbetet med bilderboken inom en Reggio Emilia- inspirerad förskoleverksamhet och en traditionell förskoleverksamhet. I syftet ingår också att studera hur dessa olika förskoleverksamheter ser på bilderboken som ett verktyg i att stimulera barns språkutveckling och vilka andra kunskaper bilderboken anses bidra med till barnen. Kvalitativ intervju användes som metod för att studera fyra förskollärares uppfattningar och synsätt kring sitt arbete med bilderboken. I resultatet framgick att bilderboken har en central roll i båda de studerade förskoleverksamheterna. Bilderboken anses stimulera barnens språkutveckling, fantasi, ämneskunskaper och ge barn möjlighet till en avslappnande stund. I resultatet framgick även att förskolornas pedagogiska inriktning påverkas av den enskilda pedagogens förhållningssätt. Pedagogers syn och arbete med bilderboken skiljer sig beroende på hur de själva anser att barnen erövrar kunskap. Det har därför visat sig svårt att påvisa generella skillnader mellan hur den Reggio Emilia- inspirerade förskolan arbetar med bilderboken gentemot den traditionella då den enskilda pedagogen förhållningssätt är så viktig för barnets möte med bild och text.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to highlight three preschool teachers and three child nurses’ views on the educational work tool pedagogical documentation and Reggio Emilia educational philosophy, often associated with pedagogical documentation. Preschool teachers and child nurses’ are all employees under the same pre-school director, and works on three preschools located in the same area. The purpose of the selection of respondents is based on highlighting how far the staff describes the concept of educational documentation, and pedagogy of Reggio Emilia, and how far their statements are consistent with each other or not. Questions: The thesis is based on three questions; How does preschool teachers and child nurses’ describe pedagogical documentation? How does preschool teachers and child nurses’ describe the Reggio Emilia pedagogical philosophy? If there are differences between the preschool teachers and child nurses’, what could these mean for the pedagogical documentation in preschool? Method: The study is based on empirical data collected through qualitative interviews. The empirical material is based on six qualitative interviews with three preschool teachers and three child nurses’, who are in an organization which is inspired by Reggio Emilia. Main theoretical approach: The essay consists of three main theories, Piaget, Dewey and Vygotsky. The theories are the basis of the analysis, together with previous research and the six qualitative interviews that are conducted in the context of the essay. Result: The study's results and answers to the questions are presented in the final discussion. Our results demonstrate the difference between preschool teachers and child nurses' perception of what pedagogical documentation means for business, children and staff, and the Reggio Emilia educational philosophy.

The purpose of this study is toget an understanding of howpreschool teachers think about and work with pedagogical documentation and how they visualizeparticipation of the children. As a theoretical frame,we have used the sociocultural perspective of learning and education that is about progress and learning, which is achieved by interaction and cooperation in a social context. This survey is based on interviews and observations which has been compared in order for us to come to conclusions to see if the pedagogical thoughts is equivalent to the practice. The result of the study shows that all of the preschool teachers agree that the pedagogical documentation is an important way to work in order for the children to declare their thoughts and wonders in the environment of the preschool. The thoughts of the children are important in order to develop the organization. The teachers organize the education in a way to create conditions for the children to be able to affect and change thepreschool. The teachers are well aware of their own way to think and act which affects the children’s ability to participate. / I denna studie har vi undersökt förskollärares arbetssätt i den pedagogiska dokumentationenoch strävat efter att få en inblick i pedagogernas tankar kringhur de arbetar för att synliggöra barns delaktighet.Studienutgår från det sociokulturellaperspektivet. Vihar genomfört intervjuer och observationer och jämfört dessa med varandra för att kunna dra slutsatser kring hur de pedagogiska tankarna stämmer överens med praktiken. Studiens resultat visar hur de undersökta pedagogerna arbetar med den pedagogiska dokumentationen.Pedagogernaanser att barnens uttryck är viktiga för innehållet i verksamheten, och de skapar förutsättningar för att barnen ska kunna påverka och förändraarbetssättetoch verksamheten. Studienvisar att pedagogerna har stor medvetenhet kring sitt eget förhållningssätt och hur detta spelar roll för vilkenmöjlighetdet har för barns delaktighet, samt hur de rent praktiskt arbetar med den pedagogiska dokumentationen.

The aim of this study is to investigate two Reggio Emilia-inspired preschools. The study intends to investigate how a pronounced co-researching pedagogue role affects preschool teachers’ didactic approach, planning and implementation. Three preschool teachers were interviewed in order to make visible their way of perceiving and defining the co-researching pedagogue role. Activities within the field of science were also  observed in order to examine the practical application of this teacher role. Science as a subject has been chosen based on previous research and to create a mutual and solid base for the study. The research questions are formulated as: What defines a co-researching pedagogue according to the preschool teachers? How do preschool teachers describe their co-researching attitude in relation to children’s learning in science activities? How do preschool teachers interact with children, materials and the environment during the implementation of these activities? The essay uses a triangulation of two qualitative methods – interviews and observations. The results, which derives from a phenomenographical analysis as well as an analysis on concepts of developing pedagogy, shows that children’s interests plays an important part in teachers planning and implementation. The results also show that this specific teacher role is based on a pluralistic view on knowledge. One of the conclusions is that the teachers' attitudes create favourable conditions for children's learning in general, even though the opportunities to teach children subject-specific knowledge are not always administered.

The purpose of this investigation is to show the relationship between the autobiographical information evidenced by the principal female characters in Emilia Pardo Bazan's major novels and her influence on nineteenth-century feminism in Spain. The changing nature of Pardo Bazan's feminism is studied through an analysis of two literary phases in her work. In the first, classified as naturalistic, Pardo Bazan concentrates on the nineteenth century woman and her limited role within society. The second phase reveals a change of perspective as the author creates a character type: this "new woman" is an expression of her feminist beliefs. As Pardo Bazan sought support for feminist goals, diverse intellectual activities characterized her life and became an integral aspect of her art.

O presente trabalho investiga acerca do papel do outro no processo de aquisição da escrita pela criança. Emilia Ferreiro inaugurou uma abordagem da aquisição da escrita tendo como referência a teoria construtivista piagetiana. Suas pesquisas tiveram grande impacto no meio educacional brasileiro e geraram polêmicas em torno da questão do caráter social da linguagem escrita e do papel do outro na sua aprendizagem. A partir da análise das formulações de Ferreiro, são discutidos estudos que recorrem a outros referenciais teóricos (histórico-culturais e sociológicos) na consideração do aspecto social implicado no processo de aquisição da escrita pela criança, operando um deslocamento no que diz respeito à concepção de linguagem e de sua inserção no campo social. O terceiro, e mais importante, referencial diz respeito à teoria psicanalítica da constituição do sujeito, capaz de fornecer elementos para a consideração da questão de uma perspectiva não sociológica, nem histórico-cultural, porque discute o efeito de sua representação pelo significante. A partir da noção de Outro e das operações de alienação e separação, este trabalho pretende contribuir com o debate sobre o papel do outro na aquisição da escrita e fornecer ferramentas para a interlocução com a perspectiva psicogenética. / The following Masters thesis aims at dealing with the role of the other in the process of writing acquisition sustained by the child. Emilia Ferreira founded an approach to the matter of writing acquisition referenced in Piagetian constructivism theory. Her researches had a great impact in Brazilian educational field as well as generated controversies around the question of the social character of language and the role of the other in learning. From Ferreiros works analyses we here discuss other studies which depart from other theoretical references (historical-cultural, and sociological ones) in order to consider the social aspects implied in the childs writing acquisition process, displacing the language conception and its insertion within the social field. Our third, thus the more important, reference regards the psychoanalytical theory of Subject formation, which is able to provide elements to interpreting the referred question not in a sociological perspective, nor in a historical-cultural one, once it discusses the effect of representation by the Significant. Therefore, from the notion of the Other and its operation of alienation and separation, this work intends to contribute to the debate on the role of the other in writing acquisition and provide tools to a dialogue with the psychogenetics perspective.

Syftet med den här studien var att med hjälp av intervjuer undersöka hur pedagogisk dokumentation kan fungera i praktiken, studien centreras kring hur tre olika förskollärare arbetar med och tänker kring pedagogisk dokumentation. Studien vill även ge inspiration och kunskap till andra lärarstudenter eller verksamma förskollärare till att själva starta ett sådant arbete, samt belysa problematik som kan förekomma. Det resultat som framkommer i undersökningen visar att det krävs mycket övning innan dokumentationsarbetet blir effektivt. Studien visar även att den pedagogiska dokumentationen främst är till för att utveckla verksamheten och att reflektion i någon form är avgörande för att dokumentationen ska bli pedagogisk. Undersökningen visar att man för att beakta ett etiskt tänkande kring barnen som dokumenteras bör ge barnen möjlighet att ge sitt samtycke till att bli dokumenterade samt att de får vara delaktiga i dokumentationsarbetet. Arbetet kan leda till att pedagoger skapar sig makt över barnen och bli ett led i en normaliseringsprocess, samt medföra att man bedömer barnen. Överlag har de intervjuade förskollärarna en positiv inställning till arbetet med pedagogisk dokumentation och menar att det inte finns något rätt eller fel, utan att var och en får hitta sitt sätt att arbeta. / The purpose of this study was to by interviewing three pre-school teachers; determine how they use pedagogical documentation and what their thoughts about it are. With this study I aim to give information and inspiration that helps other pre-school teachers and teacher students to start working with pedagogical documentation. The study also aims to visualize the problems that can occur during the process. The results from the survey show that it takes a lot of work for the documentation to become effective. The study also shows that the pedagogical documentation is foremost a tool for developing the daily operation of the work place and that reflection in some form is crucial. The survey shows that to take in to consideration the ethics about documenting children, the children should be asked for consent and be part of the documentation process. The documentation process could give the teachers a position of power over the children, become a step in a normalization process and lead to judgment of the children. Overall the interviewed pre-school teachers have a positive outlook on working with pedagogical documentation and mean that it is important that each pedagogue finds his own way.