The thesis of this project is to develop a language of architecture for the design of a rural house. Parameters for this language are specified through program, ideas about living in a country home, and the importance of integrating the building with its site. The parameters are reaffirmed through the materials and elements of architecture. In order to develop a cohesive language, four houses have been designed for four different sites. Each house implements the specified parameters in a manner appropriate to the setting of the surrounding landscape. The houses themselves become a transition between the inside and the outside and between the natural and the man-made. Thus this thesis is: Four Houses - A Language of Transition from Earth to Sky. Our experience-space is necessarily in conflict with the space of nature. The space that nature offers us rises above the ground and is oriented entirely towards the earth's surface. The contrast between the mass of the earth below and the space of the air above, which meet at the surface of the earth, is the primary datum of this (experience) space. Dom H. Van Der Laan, "Architectonic Space" (E.J. Brill, 1983), p. 5 / Master of Architecture

Building envelopes are perhaps the most influencing players on assuring indoor comfort conditions, in alliance with their impact on the sustainability and energy-efficiency of the building during operation. However, given the multitude of commercial solutions available on the market and the use of different criteria and inconsistent semantics among the existing categorization/classification systems of construction objects, there is still a need for uniformization of the many regarding the main Prefabricated Enclosure Wall Panel Systems (PEWPS) for building applications.In such context, this paper firstly explores the distinct categories of off-site Modern Methods of Construction (MMC), and how can they be classified. Secondly, focus will be given to panelized systems, where the classification of PEWPS is thoroughly investigated, the size and complexity of individual components have a significant impact on the ease of installation of a system. Larger prefabricated panels are typically heavier and bulkier, making transportation and erection more difficult. Smaller panels are made up of more and smaller a component, which increases the amount of on-site construction labor. In this paper, costs have been reduced by Stainless Steel 316This thesis has tried to devise a solution which balances the manufacture’s need to make a repetitive solution many times with an industry that generally designs a specific solution for each enclosure system.Customer-caused losses include inefficiencies such as frequent design and specificationmodifications, as well as delays due to missing approvals. The Lean Construction Institute hasaided in the transformation of the construction culture through the application of agile and leanphilosophies, principles, and techniques. This paper has highlighted the non-conformities at the organization and the NCR to curtail this to reduce costs and internal quality.

Cette thèse se compose de deux volets indépendants mais complémentaires : d'une part une carte archéologique d'Orange et du nord-ouest du Vaucluse ; d'autre part une étude sur l'origine et la chronologie des importations de céramiques sigillées italiques en Narbonnaise à partir du cas d'Orange. La carte archéologique synthétise les découvertes archéologiques touchant une période comprise entre 700 av. et 700 ap. J.-C. Toutes les informations disponibles ont été prises en compte (manuscrits, rapports d'opérations, sources imprimées) afin de dresser un état de la bibliographie et de préciser nos connaissances des vestiges antiques du nord-ouest du département de Vaucluse. Le corpus ainsi constitué est la base d'une réflexion sur l'occupation de la zone durant l'Antiquité, l'organisation urbaine de la colonie d'Orange et les limites du territoire de la cité. L'aspect historiographique constitue également un point important de ce travail. L'étude céramologique renouvelle nos repères chronologiques sur le développement urbain de la cité durant le premier siècle de son existence grâce, notamment, à la datation de l'enceinte, des différentes constructions monumentales du site de l'hémicycle et des contextes précoces des quartiers d'habitations à l'est du théâtre. L'étude céramologique s'attache par ailleurs à identifier l'origine des sigillées italiques recueillies à l'occasion des différents chantiers de fouilles, ce qui permet de dresser un bilan complet des ateliers. / This thesis consists of two parts, independent but complementary : on the one hand, an archaeological map of Orange and the northwest of Vaucluse; on the other hand, a study of the origin and the chronology of the imports of ceramics called italian sigillata in Gallia Narbonensis based on the case of Orange. The archaeological map synthesizes the archaeological discoveries touching a period included between 700 BC and 700 AD. All the available information was taken into account (manuscripts, reports, printed sources) to draw up a state of the bibliography and specify our knowledge of the antique vestiges of the northwest of Vaucluse. The corpus so established is the basis of a reflection on the occupation of the zone during the Antiquity, the urban organization of the city of Orange and the limits of its political territory. The historiographical aspect also constitutes an important point of this work. The ceramic study renews our chronological points of reference on the urban development of the city for its first century of existence, with in particular the dating of the surrounding wall, the various monumental constructions of the site of the « hémicycle » and the early contexts of living districts east of the theater. Besides, the ceramic study attempts to identify the origin of the examined italian sigillata, drawing up first a ou synthesis of workshops producing this ceramic. Indeed, if the italian sigillat seems well known, we quickly notice that it was almost always considered a homogeneous whole, without taking into account the existence of multiple workshops, in the constitution of typologies and datings.