Denna studie undersöker fördelar och nackdelar med att genomföra utdragsundervisning respektive undervisning med hela verk i litteraturundervisning, på gymnasienivå i Sverige. Syftet med studien är att undersöka lärarnas attityder gentemot användningen av utdrag och hela verk, och hur deras attityder korrelerar med den tidigare forskningen i ämnet. Undersökningen syftar till att besvara frågorna; Hur kan svensklärares attityder till användningen av textutdrag respektive hela verk i litteraturundervisningen beskrivas? och hur korrelerar lärarnas attityder till den litteraturdidaktiska forskningen om utdragsundervisning och undervisning med hela verk? med stöd i fenomenologi. Studien använder sig av en kvalitativ metod och genomför intervjuer med sex legitimerade gymnasielärare. Studien undersöker deras användning av utdrag respektive hela verk i litteraturundervisning samt deras uppfattning om vilka för- och nackdelar som finns med utdrag respektive hela verk. Lärarna uppgav att de använder båda metoder i sin litteraturundervisning, men de särskilde på deras användningsområden i kurserna svenska 1, 2 och 3. Resultatet visar att det finns både fördelar och nackdelar med utdrag respektive hela verk; hela verk anses vara mer lämpligt när eleverna läser för berättelsen och tolkar innehållet eftersom det möjliggör en djupare förståelse medan utdrag är mer lämpligt när man studerar litteraturhistoria eftersom det möjliggör en bredare förståelse av de litterära epokerna. / This essay examines the advantages and disadvantages of using excerpts or an entire works in literature teaching at upper secondary schools in Sweden. The objective is to see teachers’ attitudes towards the use of excerpts and entire literary works, and how the correlate with the previous research about the matter. The research aims to answer the questions; How can Swedish teachers' attitudes to the use of text excerpts and entire works in literary education be described? and how do teachers' attitudes correlate to literary didactic research on excerpt teaching and teaching with whole works? with a support in phenomenology. The study is conducted with the qualitative method interviews. Six teachers, certified for upper secondary school, were interviewed about their current use of excepts and entire works in their literary teachings, as well as their attitudes toward the advantages and disadvantages of them. The teachers stated that they use both methods in their literary teachings, however they differentiated their use between the different courses Swedish 1, 2 and 3. The result show that there are advantages and disadvantages with both methods, however, entire works are considered more suitable when students are reading for the story and to interpret the content as it allows for a deeper understanding. Furthermore, excerpts are considered more suitable when studying history of literature as it allows for a broader understanding of the literary eras

If f(z) is an entire function of exponential type, hf(π/2) = 0 and f(z) 0 for Im(z) > 0 then according to a well-known result of R. P. Boas, for, we have. R. P. Boas proposed the problem of obtaining an inequality analogous to this if being real and the answer to this question in the case k < 0 was given by Govil and Rahman. In this paper we present generalizations of these results of Govil and Rahman.

If f(z) is an asymmetric entire function of exponential type t, Both of these inequalities are sharp. In this paper we generalize the above two inequalities of Boas by proving a sharp inequality which, besides giving as special cases the above two inequalities of Boas, yields some other results as well.

這篇文章中，我們探討離散型反應擴散方程u_t(x,t)=u(x+1,t)-2u(x,t)+u(x-1,t)+f(u(x,t))，其中 反應項f(u)=u^2(1-u)。在此， 我們證明此方程式存在一種全解其動態行為宛如兩個來自x軸兩端相向而行的行波。 / This paper deals with a discrete reaction-diffusion equation u_t(x,t)=u(x+1,t)-2u(x,t)+u(x-1,t)+f(u(x,t)), where f(u)=u^2(1-u). Here, we prove there exist entire solutions which behave as two traveling waves coming from both sides of x-axis.

La première source de la business judgment rule a été la jurisprudence. Celle-ci a été la source des codifications incitatives et contraignantes. Nos recherches ont mis en évidence deux types de formulations de la business judgment rule. Le premier type est la formulation prétorienne lato sensu et stricto sensu. Le second type est la formulation codifiée (Model Business Corporation Act, Corporate Director's Guidebook, Principles of Corporate Governance, lois limitant la responsabilité personnelle des dirigeants). De plus, nos recherches ont dégagé 9 types de termes qui se retrouvent dans tous les types des formulations. Les 4 premiers types de termes correspondent respectivement (1) aux pouvoirs des dirigeants et à leur discrétion, (2) au statut des dirigeants, (3) aux devoirs des dirigeants, (4) aux degrés de devoirs requis et à la gravité de la transgression de ces devoirs sanctionnée (standard of conduct). Les cinq types de termes suivants correspondent respectivement (1) au droit à l'erreur, (2) à la présomption de comportement/conduite, (3) au refus d'un contrôle judiciaire, (4) à la charge de la preuve, (5) à la justification de la business judgment rule (standard of revision). Les deux différences fondamentales entre les formulations de la business judgment rule sont les suivantes. La première différence se situe au niveau des conditions d'application de la règle et concerne la relation entre le standard de conduite, c'est-à-dire le type des devoirs, le degré des devoirs et la gravité de la transgression des devoirs, et le standard de responsabilité, c'est-à-dire les devoirs examinés quand la business judgment rule s'applique. La seconde différence fondamentale entre les formulations se situe au niveau des effets de la règle et concerne l'étendue d'un contrôle judiciaire sur le résultat de l'action ou de l'omission des dirigeants, c'est-à-dire le prix grossièrement inadéquat, l'abus de discrétion, le dépassement grossier, etc. / The first source of the « business judgment rule » is the jurisprudence. The jurisprudence was the source of the « soft law » and « hard law » codifications. The research showed two types of formulations of the « business judgment rule ». The first type is the jurisprudence formulation lato sensu_and stricto sensu. The second type is the codification formulation (Mode) Business Corporation Act, Corporate Director's Guidebook, Principles of Corporate Governance, lois limitant la responsabilité personnelle des dirigeants). The research showed nine types of terms which may be found in the formulations of the « business judgment rule». The first four terms correspond respectively to (1) the powers of the governors of the corporation and their discretion ; (2) their status ; (3) their duties, and (4) the degree of their duties. This first type of terms constitutes the standard of conduct. The next five types of terms correspond respectively to (1) the right to the error; (2) the presumption of the conduct; (3) the refusal of judicial review; (4) the burden of proof; (5) the justification of the « business judgment rule ». This second type of terms constitutes the standard of revision. There are two fundamental differences between the formulations of the « business judgment rule ». The first difference is situated at the level of the conditions of application of the « business judgment rule », and concerns the relations between the standard of conduct and the standard of revision. The second difference is situated at the level of the effects of the « business judgment rule » and concerns the scope of judicial review.

A través del presente trabajo, el autor busca introducir al lector en la problemática actual sobre las transacciones entre partes relacionadas. Teniendo en cuenta dicha finalidad, el reconocido experto en Derecho societario realiza un análisis de la regulación de los distintos instrumentos existentes que apuntan a mitigar o resolver los problemas ocasionados en base a dichas transacciones. El autor inicia describiendo el panorama normativo que se encuentra en el Derecho Comparado para, luego, teniendo ello como base, realizar el escrutinio de la normativa peruana sobre el particular.   Through this work, the author seeks to introduce the reader to the current problems on transactions between related parties. With this purpose in mind, the renowned expert in Corporate Law performs an analysis of the regulation of the various existing instruments that aim to mitigate or resolve the problems caused on the basis of such transactions. The author starts describing the regulatory landscape that is in Comparative Law. Then, having this as a basis; he carries out a scrutiny of the Peruvian legislation on the particular.

Magister Legum - LLM / The so called business judgment rule (hereinafter referred to as ―the BJR or the rule‖) that serves to protect directors from liability for negative consequences of honest, reasonable business decisions that went wrong, was developed by the American judiciary in the early 19th Century.2 Percy v. Millaudon, a Louisiana Supreme Court decision quoted above, articulated what is now referred to as the BJR.3 This case provides the earliest expression of the American BJR.4 Delaware courts subsequently issued a series of cases formulating the BJR as a presumption.5 Although the earliest expression of the rule was provided by a Louisiana court, the dissertation will focus on the Delaware case law formulation of the rule.6 The essence of the BJR is that judges should not second guess directors‘ decisions if certain elements of the BJR are fulfilled.7 Courts are required to exercise caution when dealing with claims brought by either stakeholders or shareholders against directors who have made bona fide, also referred to as good faith, business decisions.8 In order to be protected by the BJR and for it to act as a safe harbour, the court will determine whether certain requirements have been met before applying the rule.9 The Delaware courts formulated the BJR as a presumption and in order for directors to be protected by the rule they must have made an informed business decision, in good faith and in the honest belief that the decision will be in the best interest of the company.10 As will be discussed later, this formulation of the rule is referred to as the traditional BJR. In addition to the aforementioned formulation, another formulation was provided by the American Law Institute (hereafter referred to as the ―ALI formulation‖).11 Initially there had been difficulties codifying the ALI version of the rule but later it was successfully codified in paragraph 4.01(c) of the ALI Corporate Governance Project.12 This formulation requires a director to ensure that he has no personal interest in the matter, he is reasonably informed of the matter prior to making the decision and he rationally believes the decision will be in the best interest of the company.13 If the director complies with the aforementioned requirements, the director will be considered to have acted in good faith.14 Directors owe fiduciary duties to the company and in instances where they breach one or more of these duties they can incur personal liability.15 The rule thus emerged because of the need to protect directors and it serves as a safe harbour for those individuals who made a decision in conformity with the aforementioned requirements.16 In commercial terms the rule bestows economic freedoms and freedom of entrepreneurship to directors guided, in any case, by ―the best interest of the company‖.17 The most commonly cited reasons for the existence of the rule are that it promotes risk taking, encourages competent persons to serve as directors, prevents judicial second-guessing and promotes judicial efficiency. It further provides directors with sufficient freedom to manage the company and it ensures that the interest of shareholders and those of directors are balanced.18

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude de trois problèmes d'hyperbolicité complexe et presque complexe. La première partie est dédiée à la recherche d'une conséquence quantitative de l'hyperbolicité au sens de Kobayashi, qui est une propriété qualitative. Le résultat obtenu prend la forme d'une inégalité isopérimétrique qui évoque l'inégalité d'Ahlfors relative aux recouvrements des surfaces de surfaces. Sa démonstration est purement riemannienne.La deuxième partie de la thèse est consacrée à la démonstration d'une version presque complexe du théorème de Borel, qui affirme que les courbes entières dans le plan projectif complexe évitant quatre droites en position générale sont linéairement dégénérées. Dans un plan projectif presque complexe, les J-droites substituent aux droites projectives et nous disposons d'un énoncé analogue pour les J-courbes entières. La démonstration de ce résultat repose sur l'utilisation de projections centrales et sur la théorie de recouvrement des surfaces d'Ahlfors.La dernière partie est consacrée à la démonstration d'une version presque complexe du théorème de Bloch, qui affirme qu'une suite non normale de disques holomorphes du plan projectif évitant quatre droites en position générale converge, en un certain sens, vers une réunion de trois droites. Notre résultat implique en particulier l'hyperbolicité du complémentaire dans le plan projectif presque complexe de quatre J-droites modulo trois J-droites. / This thesis is dedicated to the study of three problems of complex and almost complex hyperbolicity. Its first part is dedicated to the research of a quantitative consequence to Kobayashi hyperbolicity, which is a qualitative property. The result we obtain has the form of an isoperimetric inequality that suggests Ahlfors' inequality, the central result of the theory of covering surfaces. Its proof uses only riemannian tools.The second part of the thesis is dedicated to the proof of an almost complex version of Borel's theorem, which says that an entire curve in the compex preojective plane missing four lines in general position is degenerate. In an almost compex context, we can obtain a similar result for entire J-curves just by replacing projective lines by J-lines. The proof of this result uses central projections and Ahlfors' theory of covering surfaces.The last part is dedicated to the proof of an almost complex version of Bloch's theorem, which says that given a sequence of holomorphic discs in the projective plane, either it is normal, either it converges in some sens to a reunion of three lines. Our result will show in particular that the complementary set of four J-lines in general position is hyperbolic modulo three J-lines.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-09-22T13:41:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Borges, Fábio Vieira de Andrade.pdf: 831817 bytes, checksum: dc7f36aa0aef4a7fb90ba2008b7da2cf (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-09-23T11:19:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Borges, Fábio Vieira de Andrade.pdf: 831817 bytes, checksum: dc7f36aa0aef4a7fb90ba2008b7da2cf (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-23T11:19:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Borges, Fábio Vieira de Andrade.pdf: 831817 bytes, checksum: dc7f36aa0aef4a7fb90ba2008b7da2cf (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The main objective of this assignment is to help students and also teachers with the resolution and understanding of problems involving the Linear Diophantine Equations with Two Incognits through the elaboration and application of didactic activities in order to contribute to the study of this kind of equations. Through the tasks it was aimed to dothe integration of Arithmetic with Algebra and Geometry by using some computational programs which worked as support to the graphical visualization of the entire solutions. In the first chapters the essence of the Elementary Theory of Numbers will be better known, since the mathematical tools which will be used to solve linear Diophantine equations will be displayed and demonstrated, some of them already known, like the greatest common divisor (g.d.c). Then the Diophantine equations and theirapplication methods for the solution of daily problems will be introduced. The Conclusion of this study highlights the importance of algebraic and geometric interpretation of Linear Diophantine Equations, and also emphasizes that the contact with problems of this area contributes to the students reasoning abilities development in a creative way. It is important to emphasize that this issue can be introduced in high school. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal auxiliar os alunos e professores na resolução e compreensão de problemas envolvendo as Equações Diofantinas Lineares com Duas Incógnitas através da elaboração e aplicação de atividades didáticas destinadas a contribuir para o estudo desse tipo de equações. Procurou-se nas tarefas fazer a integração da Aritmética com a Álgebra e a Geometria, utilizando-se de alguns programas computacionais que serviram de suporte para as visualizações gráficas das soluções inteiras. Nos primeiros capítulos vamos conhecer melhor a essência da Teoria Elementar dos Números, pois apresentaremos e demonstraremos as ferramentas matemáticas que serão utilizadas na resolução das Equações Diofantinas Lineares, algumas delas já conhecidas, que é o caso do máximo divisor comum (m.d.c). Em seguida serão introduzidas as equações diofantinas e os métodos de determinação de soluções da mesma para aplicação em resolução de problemas do cotidiano. A conclusão desse trabalho ressalta a importância da interpretação algébrica e geométrica das Equações Diofantinas Lineares, e que o contato com problemas desta área contribui para que o aluno desenvolva, de forma criativa suas habilidades de raciocínio. É importante enfatizar que esse tema pode ser abordado no Ensino Médio.