Målet om ett långsiktigt ekologiskt hållbart Sverige kan inte nås utan en hållbar transportpolitik och infrastruktur. Järnvägen ses generellt som ett mer miljövänligt transportslag och ett ökat nyttjande av denna är därmed viktigt. Det leder dock till ett ökat behov av drift, underhåll och viss nybyggnation, samt till behovet av att se till dess miljöpåverkande faktorer. En miljöanpassad offentlig upphandling, således en hållbar upphandling av dessa entreprenader är ett steg närmare en hållbar utveckling. Syftet med miljökrav vid upphandling är att minska järnvägssektorns negativa miljö- och klimatpåverkan, och att främja miljöarbetets utveckling. Det miljöarbete som förs inom och emellan organisationer är minst lika viktigt då marknadsdrivna insatser ses som ett möjligt komplement till lagar och krav. Miljökravens formuleringar görs utefter lagstiftning och en rad andra aspekter beroende på beställare och projekt. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur tolkningen ser ut hos beställar- och utförarorganisationer för drift, underhåll och nybyggnation av järnväg. En kvalitativ studie förs via intervjuer och miljödokument och bearbetas med tematisk analys utifrån perspektiven struktur, kultur och processer ur organisationsteorin. Resultatet visar att organisationernas tolkningar utav miljökraven i hög grad präglas utav samma faktorer, dock med olika tyngdpunkt. Dessa berör miljökravens tydlighet, miljöpolitikens inverkan, kommunikationens betydelse, förändring- och läroprocessers effekter och viljan till miljöarbete. Om miljöfrågan tas på allvar i toppen av hierarkin inom organisationen, så kan denna förmedlas vidare genom deras beslut om vision, mål och strategi. Det ger ett tydligare ramverk där mål och mätbarhet i verksamheten realiseras. Detta samtidigt som vilja och förmåga hos alla aktörer förstärks och samsynen gällande miljöarbetet kvalitetssäkras. / The goal for a long-term ecologically sustainable Sweden cannot be reached without a sustainable politics of transport and infrastructure. The railway is generally seen as a more environmentally friendly transport which leads to the importance of an increased use of it. On the other hand, that gives rise to the necessity of rail operation and maintenance, building railways and of considering the railways environmental impact. Environmental considerations in public procurement, a sustainable procurement, for these activities are a way of getting to a sustainable development. The purpose of environmental requirements in public procurement is to reduce the railway sectors environmental- and climate impact, and to further encourage the work for environmental improvements. Environmentally friendly activities performed by organizations are important because market driven efforts are seen as complementary to laws and requirements. The formulation of the environmental requirements is made through legislation and other aspects depending on the public authority and project. This paper aims to examine the interpretations of the environmental requirements made by both public- and private organizations within building, operation and maintenance of the railway. This is done by the means of qualitative interviews and document analysis, with the use of a thematic analysis and the perspectives of structure, processes and culture taken from the organization theory. The results show that the interpretations of the environmental requirement were all tinged by the same factors, but with different focus. These include the clarity of the requirement, environmental politics, communication, changing- and learning processes and the will to work for environmental improvements.

<p>Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand that develop and manufacture electrical and electronic products are among other SMEs in the world meeting increasingly stringent legal and customer requirements related to environmental issues. Obstacles for the SMEs around the world to meet these requirements are almost the same in form of lack of knowledge, budget and resources. The differences between SMEs in Thailand and SMEs in the EU, Japan or even Korea are that these countries have been developed the eco-design concept and SMEs have been involved in eco-design activities for many years. This process and activities are new both for the SMEs and for the supporting institutes and organisations in Thailand. Thailand has just started to build up the infrastructure to support the SMEs to implement the eco-design concept and to work more with product related environmental issues. The focus right now for the SMEs in this research is to comply with the EU Directives, RoHS and WEEE, and this is where the main investments are made, e.g. in order to be able to export to the demanding EU market.</p><p>This research is investigating what kind of environment demands that SMEs in Thailand that develop and manufacture electrical and electronic products have on their products, how they handle these requirements and also what obstacles there are for implementing a more product related environmental concept, also known as eco-design, Design for the Environment (DfE), Green Design or Environmentally Oriented Design. A research in form of interviews and factory visits has been done with five different SMEs in Thailand. These five SMEs have also participated in the first official eco-design projects in Thailand with funding from the government in Thailand and also some from the EU. Interviews have been conducted with involved parties in these project such as institutes and experts provided by Universities. These interviews were made in order to get their opinion and experience about the present situation for SMEs in Thailand that develop and manufacture electrical and electronic products to work with product related green issues.</p><p>The research shows that these companies have the possibilities and conditions to work further on with the eco-design concept in the future. Their participation in the eco-design projects has been a good experience and there is evidence of strong support from the management and owners, environmental awareness, pro-active work and motivation among the companies. The obstacles are as mentioned above concerning lack of resources, knowledge and experience of how these environmental demands and requirements will affect the product development process. This lack of experience depends mostly on the fact that these eco-design projects are the first projects in this field for the companies. These five companies have now built up a fundamental knowledge but are still in need of further support. The communication between the SMEs and supporting parties are important and also one factor these five companies think is functioning well.</p>

Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand that develop and manufacture electrical and electronic products are among other SMEs in the world meeting increasingly stringent legal and customer requirements related to environmental issues. Obstacles for the SMEs around the world to meet these requirements are almost the same in form of lack of knowledge, budget and resources. The differences between SMEs in Thailand and SMEs in the EU, Japan or even Korea are that these countries have been developed the eco-design concept and SMEs have been involved in eco-design activities for many years. This process and activities are new both for the SMEs and for the supporting institutes and organisations in Thailand. Thailand has just started to build up the infrastructure to support the SMEs to implement the eco-design concept and to work more with product related environmental issues. The focus right now for the SMEs in this research is to comply with the EU Directives, RoHS and WEEE, and this is where the main investments are made, e.g. in order to be able to export to the demanding EU market. This research is investigating what kind of environment demands that SMEs in Thailand that develop and manufacture electrical and electronic products have on their products, how they handle these requirements and also what obstacles there are for implementing a more product related environmental concept, also known as eco-design, Design for the Environment (DfE), Green Design or Environmentally Oriented Design. A research in form of interviews and factory visits has been done with five different SMEs in Thailand. These five SMEs have also participated in the first official eco-design projects in Thailand with funding from the government in Thailand and also some from the EU. Interviews have been conducted with involved parties in these project such as institutes and experts provided by Universities. These interviews were made in order to get their opinion and experience about the present situation for SMEs in Thailand that develop and manufacture electrical and electronic products to work with product related green issues. The research shows that these companies have the possibilities and conditions to work further on with the eco-design concept in the future. Their participation in the eco-design projects has been a good experience and there is evidence of strong support from the management and owners, environmental awareness, pro-active work and motivation among the companies. The obstacles are as mentioned above concerning lack of resources, knowledge and experience of how these environmental demands and requirements will affect the product development process. This lack of experience depends mostly on the fact that these eco-design projects are the first projects in this field for the companies. These five companies have now built up a fundamental knowledge but are still in need of further support. The communication between the SMEs and supporting parties are important and also one factor these five companies think is functioning well.

Barn inom förskolans verksamhet utsätts dagligen för kemikalier och detta har tidigare inte talats om eller uppmärksammats inom den omfattning som det faktiskt görs idag. Denna studie undersöker därmed vilken medvetenhet som finns kring miljökrav framför allt gällande leksaker och material inom förskolans verksamhet. Syftet är mot den bakgrunden att synliggöra vilken medvetenhet det finns kring miljökrav inom två av förskolans verksamhetsnivåer –förskolechef och förskollärare inom en kommundel i en kommun i norra Sverige. För att kunna synliggöra denna medvetenhet har det i studien varit fokus på den kvalitativa intervjun som metod.Resultatet visar bland annat på hur medvetenheten ser ut bland respondenterna, var de anser att en stor del av bekymret ligger samt hur de önskar att arbeta vidare med miljökrav inom förskolans verksamhet. / Children in early childhood education are daily exposed to chemicals and this has not been mentioned or highlighted in the extent that it is made today. This study examines the awareness surrounding environmental requirements, regarding toys and materials within early childhood education. Against this background, the aim of this study is to investigate the awareness there is about environmental requirements within two of the preschool's activity levels - preschool director and preschool teacher in a part of northern Sweden. To highlight this awareness, the study has focused on the qualitative interview as a method.The results show among other things, on how the awareness is among the respondents, what they believe is a large part of the problem is and how they wish to work with environmental requirements within the preschool.

Devido a fatores como o longo tempo de desenvolvimento e a elevada quantidade de clientes envolvidos, existem dificuldades para realizar a gestão dos requisitos dos clientes do processo de projeto de ambientes construídos. Na busca por alternativas para solucionar tais dificuldades, esta pesquisa explora conceitos e práticas de Gestão de Requisitos (GR) provenientes de outras áreas de conhecimento, em especial da engenharia de software (ES). O objetivo da pesquisa é apresentar diretrizes para integrar a GR ao processo de projeto, tendo em vista contribuir com o acompanhamento da evolução e no controle dos requisitos dos clientes. Uma versão preliminar das diretrizes foi desenvolvida com base na revisão bibliográfica e nos resultados de um estudo de caso exploratório. Posteriormente, as mesmas foram aplicadas com ênfase nos requisitos ambientais identificados em um segundo estudo de caso, o qual permitiu o refinamento e a proposta final das diretrizes. Tais diretrizes são formadas por duas premissas e nove atividades. As premissas são condicionantes a serem atendidos pelas empresas para a realização das atividades da GR. As atividades, por sua vez, são desdobramentos das quatro etapas da GR (identificação de requisitos, análise e priorização, especificação e validação) e repetem-se ciclicamente ao longo das fases do processo de projeto, podendo ser implantadas com o apoio de boas práticas. Embora as diretrizes sejam aplicáveis à gestão de quaisquer tipos de requisitos, existem particularidades intrínsecas na gestão de cada tipo (sociais, econômicos e ambientais, por exemplo). No caso desta pesquisa, foi enfatizada a investigação das peculiaridades referentes aos requisitos ambientais identificados no empreendimento do segundo estudo de caso. A principal contribuição teórica desta pesquisa é a proposta de diretrizes para a GR suficientemente generalizáveis para aplicação em diferentes modelos de processo de projeto e diferentes tipos de requisitos. Do ponto de vista prático, os resultados evidenciaram que as diretrizes contribuem para a gestão sistemática dos requisitos, uma atividade que é normalmente realizada de modo informal no processo de projeto. / Long development period and a high number of stakeholders with different demands consist in some of the majors difficulties to be managed along the building design process. This research explores the Requirements Management (RM) concepts and practices from areas as software engineering as an alternative to solve some managerial problems. The aim is to present guidelines to integrate RM in the building design process, viewing the improvement of requirements traceability and control. The guidelines draft was based on literature review and on the results of an exploratory case study. Afterwards the guidelines draft was tested through a second case study, with emphasis on the project environmental requirements. This application promoted the guidelines improvement into their final configuration. The guidelines are based on two premises and nine activities. Premises are conditions which should be accomplished before the activities implementation. The activities are refinements of the four RM steps (requirements elicitation, analysis and prioritization, specification and validation) and they should be cyclically performed through the design process, using adequate good practices. Although guidelines may be useful to the management of any type of requirements, there are particular features to manage each of them (e. g. social, economical environmental). In this research, environmental requirements from the main case study were emphasized. The main theoretical contribution of this research is the proposition of guidelines which are generic enough to be performed through different design process models and different types of requirements. From a practical standpoint, the results indicated that the guidelines have contributed to the systematic RM in design process, an activity that is often informally performed in design process.

Devido a fatores como o longo tempo de desenvolvimento e a elevada quantidade de clientes envolvidos, existem dificuldades para realizar a gestão dos requisitos dos clientes do processo de projeto de ambientes construídos. Na busca por alternativas para solucionar tais dificuldades, esta pesquisa explora conceitos e práticas de Gestão de Requisitos (GR) provenientes de outras áreas de conhecimento, em especial da engenharia de software (ES). O objetivo da pesquisa é apresentar diretrizes para integrar a GR ao processo de projeto, tendo em vista contribuir com o acompanhamento da evolução e no controle dos requisitos dos clientes. Uma versão preliminar das diretrizes foi desenvolvida com base na revisão bibliográfica e nos resultados de um estudo de caso exploratório. Posteriormente, as mesmas foram aplicadas com ênfase nos requisitos ambientais identificados em um segundo estudo de caso, o qual permitiu o refinamento e a proposta final das diretrizes. Tais diretrizes são formadas por duas premissas e nove atividades. As premissas são condicionantes a serem atendidos pelas empresas para a realização das atividades da GR. As atividades, por sua vez, são desdobramentos das quatro etapas da GR (identificação de requisitos, análise e priorização, especificação e validação) e repetem-se ciclicamente ao longo das fases do processo de projeto, podendo ser implantadas com o apoio de boas práticas. Embora as diretrizes sejam aplicáveis à gestão de quaisquer tipos de requisitos, existem particularidades intrínsecas na gestão de cada tipo (sociais, econômicos e ambientais, por exemplo). No caso desta pesquisa, foi enfatizada a investigação das peculiaridades referentes aos requisitos ambientais identificados no empreendimento do segundo estudo de caso. A principal contribuição teórica desta pesquisa é a proposta de diretrizes para a GR suficientemente generalizáveis para aplicação em diferentes modelos de processo de projeto e diferentes tipos de requisitos. Do ponto de vista prático, os resultados evidenciaram que as diretrizes contribuem para a gestão sistemática dos requisitos, uma atividade que é normalmente realizada de modo informal no processo de projeto. / Long development period and a high number of stakeholders with different demands consist in some of the majors difficulties to be managed along the building design process. This research explores the Requirements Management (RM) concepts and practices from areas as software engineering as an alternative to solve some managerial problems. The aim is to present guidelines to integrate RM in the building design process, viewing the improvement of requirements traceability and control. The guidelines draft was based on literature review and on the results of an exploratory case study. Afterwards the guidelines draft was tested through a second case study, with emphasis on the project environmental requirements. This application promoted the guidelines improvement into their final configuration. The guidelines are based on two premises and nine activities. Premises are conditions which should be accomplished before the activities implementation. The activities are refinements of the four RM steps (requirements elicitation, analysis and prioritization, specification and validation) and they should be cyclically performed through the design process, using adequate good practices. Although guidelines may be useful to the management of any type of requirements, there are particular features to manage each of them (e. g. social, economical environmental). In this research, environmental requirements from the main case study were emphasized. The main theoretical contribution of this research is the proposition of guidelines which are generic enough to be performed through different design process models and different types of requirements. From a practical standpoint, the results indicated that the guidelines have contributed to the systematic RM in design process, an activity that is often informally performed in design process.

Devido a fatores como o longo tempo de desenvolvimento e a elevada quantidade de clientes envolvidos, existem dificuldades para realizar a gestão dos requisitos dos clientes do processo de projeto de ambientes construídos. Na busca por alternativas para solucionar tais dificuldades, esta pesquisa explora conceitos e práticas de Gestão de Requisitos (GR) provenientes de outras áreas de conhecimento, em especial da engenharia de software (ES). O objetivo da pesquisa é apresentar diretrizes para integrar a GR ao processo de projeto, tendo em vista contribuir com o acompanhamento da evolução e no controle dos requisitos dos clientes. Uma versão preliminar das diretrizes foi desenvolvida com base na revisão bibliográfica e nos resultados de um estudo de caso exploratório. Posteriormente, as mesmas foram aplicadas com ênfase nos requisitos ambientais identificados em um segundo estudo de caso, o qual permitiu o refinamento e a proposta final das diretrizes. Tais diretrizes são formadas por duas premissas e nove atividades. As premissas são condicionantes a serem atendidos pelas empresas para a realização das atividades da GR. As atividades, por sua vez, são desdobramentos das quatro etapas da GR (identificação de requisitos, análise e priorização, especificação e validação) e repetem-se ciclicamente ao longo das fases do processo de projeto, podendo ser implantadas com o apoio de boas práticas. Embora as diretrizes sejam aplicáveis à gestão de quaisquer tipos de requisitos, existem particularidades intrínsecas na gestão de cada tipo (sociais, econômicos e ambientais, por exemplo). No caso desta pesquisa, foi enfatizada a investigação das peculiaridades referentes aos requisitos ambientais identificados no empreendimento do segundo estudo de caso. A principal contribuição teórica desta pesquisa é a proposta de diretrizes para a GR suficientemente generalizáveis para aplicação em diferentes modelos de processo de projeto e diferentes tipos de requisitos. Do ponto de vista prático, os resultados evidenciaram que as diretrizes contribuem para a gestão sistemática dos requisitos, uma atividade que é normalmente realizada de modo informal no processo de projeto. / Long development period and a high number of stakeholders with different demands consist in some of the majors difficulties to be managed along the building design process. This research explores the Requirements Management (RM) concepts and practices from areas as software engineering as an alternative to solve some managerial problems. The aim is to present guidelines to integrate RM in the building design process, viewing the improvement of requirements traceability and control. The guidelines draft was based on literature review and on the results of an exploratory case study. Afterwards the guidelines draft was tested through a second case study, with emphasis on the project environmental requirements. This application promoted the guidelines improvement into their final configuration. The guidelines are based on two premises and nine activities. Premises are conditions which should be accomplished before the activities implementation. The activities are refinements of the four RM steps (requirements elicitation, analysis and prioritization, specification and validation) and they should be cyclically performed through the design process, using adequate good practices. Although guidelines may be useful to the management of any type of requirements, there are particular features to manage each of them (e. g. social, economical environmental). In this research, environmental requirements from the main case study were emphasized. The main theoretical contribution of this research is the proposition of guidelines which are generic enough to be performed through different design process models and different types of requirements. From a practical standpoint, the results indicated that the guidelines have contributed to the systematic RM in design process, an activity that is often informally performed in design process.

La montée en puissance des enjeux environnementaux incite les industriels de la mécanique à intégrer la dimension environnementale dans le processus de conception de leurs produits. Un nouveau contexte de conception émerge : les fournisseurs sont de plus en plus fortement impliqués dans les processus de leurs clients. Ils atteignent, de ce fait, un niveau de responsabilité élevé et peuvent, par leurs actions, fortement influencer la performance environnementale d’un système final. Il devient ainsi nécessaire de favoriser l’intégration de la dimension environnementale au sein des relations entre clients et fournisseurs. Cette intégration se confronte à trois verrous majeurs : (1) un verrou organisationnel qui est lié le déficit d’intégration de l’environnement au sein des différents niveaux hiérarchiques d’une organisation, (2) un verrou opérationnel qui concerne le manque d’expertise environnemental, limitant la pérennité de l’intégration la dimension environnementale dans le processus de conception des entreprises, (3) un verrou relationnel qui est lié à une relation déséquilibrée entre clients et fournisseurs. Nos travaux aboutissent au développement de la méthode GECO (Gestion de L’Environnement dans la relation Client/fOurnisseur). Elle se destine à l’accompagnement des entreprises de la mécanique dans une gestion cohérente, pro-active et sur-mesure de la dimension environnementale avec leurs clients et fournisseurs. D’abord, elle permet d’établir le diagnostic des enjeux environnementaux clients devant être pris en compte à court et à long terme. Le but est de faire apparaître les enjeux nécessitant une montée en compétence rapide afin d’anticiper les futures évolutions sectorielles. La méthode propose, dans un seconde temps, un ensemble d’actions et d’outils d’éco-conception à mette en place afin d’accompagner cette montée en compétence. Enfin, la méthode GECO assiste la formalisation d’une stratégie environnementale adaptée aux profils de maturité des fournisseurs. La méthode a été expérimentée en milieu industriel au cours de deux cas d’étude réalisées, pour l’un, chez un grand systémier du secteur ferroviaire et, pour l’autre, avec le concours d’une petite entreprise du secteur de la défense. La pertinence de la méthode a ainsi été confirmée, notamment en ce qui concerne la partie diagnostic. / The increase of the environmental issues drives to the integration of the environmental dimension in the product design process of companies of the mechanical industry. This process has widely evolved for the last decades, since suppliers are more deeply involved into their clients' process. As they reach a high level of responsibility, they may heavily influence the product environmental performance of a final system. Hence it is required to improve the integration of the environment in the client/supplier relationship. This integration is however limited due to three main issues : (1) an organizational issue linked the low integration of the environment in corporate hierarchical levels, (2) an operational issue which refers to the reduced environmental expertise which limits the long-term integration of the environment in the product design process, (3) a relational issue which concerns the unbalanced relationship between clients and suppliers. Our research work leads to the method GECO (Management of the Environment in the Client/Supplier relationship). It supports mechanical companies though a consistent, pro-active and tailor made approach within the management of the environment with clients and suppliers. First, the method allows companies to visualize the growing clients’ environmental issues they would potentially have to face up in short and long term. Thus it provides strategic information to focus the efforts on the relevant environmental issues. Second, the method provides a roadmap which guides companies with the choice of the relevant methods and tools to respond to the clients’ requirements. Finally, the method GECO supports the elaboration of an environmental strategy adapted to the suppliers' maturity. The method was experimented though two study cases with a large company from the railway industry and a small company of the defense sector. The relevance of the method has been confirmed, especially the diagnosis part.

I Sverige upphandlar den offentliga sektorn produkter och tjänster för ungefär 680 miljarder kronor varje år. År 2016 genererade detta utsläpp av 12,3 miljoner ton koldioxidekvivalenter vilket kan jämföras med Sveriges totala mängd utsläpp år 2018 som var 51,8 miljoner ton koldioxidekvivalenter. Offentliga upphandlingar bör bidra till hållbar utveckling genom att analysera inköpsprocessen på flera nivåer. Ansvarig myndighet för upphandlingar inom det offentliga är Upphandlingsmyndigheten som både har verktyg och metoder för att minska inköps- och upphandlingsprocessen miljöpåverkan. Då kunskap inom detta område är mycket begränsad var syftet med denna studie att belysa frågan gällande de utmaningar som finns med att ställa miljökrav inom kommunala upphandlingar. Studien genomfördes som en flerfallstudie med fem falldeltagare. Den datainsamling som krävts för att besvara studiens frågeställning har skett genom intervjuer med de deltagande kommunerna. Intervjuerna som genomfördes var av semistrukturerad karaktär och i varierande utförande. De deltagande kommunerna i studien menade samtliga att utmaningarna i olika utsträckning handlar om bristen på kunskap, engagemang och resurser och att utmaningarna kan variera mellan olika kommuner. Samtliga deltagande kommuner menade att miljökrav skall ställas i ett tidigt skede och att uppföljning är en mycket viktig del i arbetet med miljökrav. Deltagarna menade att storleken på kommunen kan ha en betydelse för dess möjlighet att ställa miljökrav, bland annat på grund av tillgången till resurser. Gällande lagstiftning menade de flesta kommunerna att denna inte påverkade deras möjligheter att ställa miljökrav. De övergripande förändringar som kommunerna menade skulle kunna underlätta arbetet med miljökrav inom upphandlingarna var att få tillgång till en stödfunktion vilken i sak också kunde variera beroende på kommun. Sammanfattningsvis visade denna studie att alla deltagande kommuner fann utmaningar inom arbetet med att ställa miljökrav inom upphandlingar och att det krävs förändring för att prestera bättre ur ett miljömässigt perspektiv. Detta bland annat genom det övergripande behovet av en miljövetande stödfunktion för att i längden kunna utföra dessa uppgifter utan att urholka den egna verksamhetens grundläggande arbete. / In Sweden, the public sector procures products and services for approximately SEK 680 billion each year. In 2016, this generated emissions of 12.3 million tons of CO2 eq. In year 2018 Sweden's total amount of emissions was 51.8 million tons of CO2 eq. Public procurement should contribute to sustainable development by analyzing the purchasing process on several levels. The responsible authority for public procurement is Upphandlingsmyndigheten, which has both tools and methods for influencing the procurement process to have less environmental impact. Since knowledge in this area is very limited, the purpose of this study was to shed light on the challenges of setting environmental requirements in municipal procurement. The study was conducted as a case study with several case participants. The data collection required to answer the research question was conducted through interviews with the participating municipalities. The interviews conducted were of a semi-structured nature and varied in approach. Participating municipalities in this study all claimed that the challenges to different extent were about the lack of knowledge, commitment, and resources and that all of these could vary depending on the municipalities. All participating municipalities claimed that environmental requirements should be set at an early stage and that follow-up is a very important part of the process of environmental requirements. The participants claimed that the size of the municipality may have a bearing on its ability to set environmental requirements, partly because of the availability of resources. In current legislation, most municipalities claimed that this did not affect their ability to set environmental requirements. The overall changes that the municipalities claimed would make the process of environmental requirements easier to use in the procurement process would be to add a supporting function which would vary depending on the municipalities needs. In summary, this study showed that all participating municipalities deal with different challenges in the process of using environmental requirements in procurement and that change is required to perform better from an environmental perspective. This is partly due to the overall need for an environmentally aware support function that can carry out the environmental requirement process in the long term without eroding the core purpose of the organization.

Den ökade miljöfrågan som dyker allt mer på senare tid har haft en stor betydelse näringslivets miljöarbete samt utvecklingen av metoder som används inom vägproduktion. Med rätta krav kan det uppnås en minimerad inverkan på miljön som leder till en hållbar utveckling. De nationella miljömålen samt miljöbalkens lagstiftningar är en viktig riktlinje för att uppnå den önskade miljöeffektiviseringen inom näringslivet.   Detta examensarbete undersöker grunden till miljökraven från Trafikverket samt hur detta resulterar i entreprenörernas miljöarbete inom produktion samt hur kraven speglar sig i deras egna miljöambitioner. / The increased environmental issue which appears more and more in recent times has a major impact on how we build our roads today. Today’s environment demands a controlling part of the working process as well as methods within the elections in the road production. Justifiably demands can achieve a minimized impact on the environment which leads to sustainable development. The national environmental targets are an important guideline to achieve the desired environmental efficiency within road production that all authorities follow.   This thesis explores the foundations of environmental requirements from the Swedish Transport Administration and how this results in entrepreneurs’ approach and its own environmental ambitions.