The logistics industry causes various harms to the environment. The literature assigns the main responsibility for alleviating such harms to two supply chain actors: shippers (logistics buyers) and logistics service providers (LSPs), which motivated studying them in this thesis. Specifically, this thesis explores and identifies how green logistics practices can be facilitated through aligning both actors throughout the different phases of their relationships. Two studies are compiled. The first study is based on five distinct cases -- three shippers and five LSPs, providing the basis for two papers: (i) one that analyses the institutional pressures (regulatory, market, competitive) on shippers to purchase green logistics services, and on LSPs to provide these services, and (ii) one that investigates the two actors’ stances on environmental concerns in the four key logistics purchasing phases (request for proposal, negotiations, contracting, execution), while proposing ways to align their efforts along such phases. The second study covers a single case of a dyadic relationship between a shipper and its LSP, handling enhancing logistics performance (cost efficiency, on-time delivery) in the early stages of their relationship. The findings indicate a general lack of regulatory pressure in driving shippers and LSPs to engage in green logistics, contrasted by a long-term influence of competitive pressure and a prevalent influence of market pressure. It was also found that both actors must put substantial efforts in the beginning of their relationships to reach a mutual business understanding, allowing performance and green enhancements. In the execution, it was found that both partners should regularly communicate performance metrics while modifying working standards, which would also support their green practices. For practitioners, insights are offered to align shippers’ and LSPs’ efforts within their relationships to attain positive performance and green outcomes. / <p>QC 20180223</p>

The growing environmental concerns are pressuring manufacturing companies to become more sustainable. The selection of machinery and equipment has a significant impact on environmental performance and is, therefore, essential to consider. This study aims to examine how machinery and equipment investments can become more environmentally sustainable by implementing the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and environmental criteria through the use of decision-making methods. To fulfil the purpose of the study a case study was conducted at company operating within the manufacturing industry. Both semi-structured interviews and document gathering were used to collect data. Our analysis shows that it could be difficult to use multiple decision-making methods to incorporate SDGs and environmental criteria in the investment process because of the importance of being strict regarding certain technical criteria. Moreover, it was shown to be hard to prioritize environmental aspects because of the difficulty of finding adequate measures and its conflict with economic aspects. Our study suggests ways to strengthen the work towards the UN’s SDGs by including environmental criteria early in the investment process and by increasing the knowledge among the practitioners involved in the process. We conclude that many existing environmental criteria at companies can be connected to SDGs and that SDGs could be used as inspiration to find new criteria. Therefore, we conclude it might not be necessary to change the entire decision-making process. / Den växande oron kring miljön pressar tillverkningsföretag att bli mer hållbara. Valet av maskiner och utrustning har en betydande inverkan på miljön och är därför viktiga att se över. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur investeringar i maskiner och utrustning kan bli mer miljömässigt hållbara genom att implementera FN:s hållbarhetsmål och miljökriterier, med hjälp av beslutsfattande metoder. För att uppnå syftet med studie genomfördes en fallstudie på ett tillverkningsföretag. Semistrukturerade intervjuer och dokumentinsamling användes för att samla data för studien. Vår analys visar att det kan vara svårt att använda beslutsfattande metoder för att integrera FN:s hållbarhetsmål och miljökriterier i investeringsprocessen på grund av nödvändigheten av att vara strikt när det gäller särskilda tekniska kriterier. Det visade sig dessutom vara komplicerat att prioritera miljöaspekter på grund av svårigheten att hitta lämpliga mått samt konflikten mellan miljö- och ekonomiska aspekter. Vår studie föreslår alternativ för att förbättra arbetet mot att uppnå FN:s hållbarhetsmål genom att inkludera miljökriterier tidigt i investeringsprocessen och att öka kunskapen bland de anställda som är involverade i processen. Vår slutsats är att många befintliga miljökriterier på företag kan kopplas till FN:s hållbarhetsmål och att dessa mål kan användas som inspiration för att hitta nya kriterier. Därför drar vi slutsatsen att det eventuellt inte är nödvändigt att ändra hela beslutsprocessen för att uppnå hållbarhet i processen.

Modeindustrin är en betydande del av människors vardag och självuttryck, men den har också en stor inverkan på miljön och naturresurser. Snabbmode och lyxmode har olika affärsmodeller och påverkar miljön på olika sätt. Snabbmode är känt för att ha höga volymer, låga kostnader och korta produktionscykler, vilket ökar dess miljöavtryck. Å andra sidan betonar lyxmode exklusivitet, kvalitet och status, men även det har miljökonsekvenser. Syftet med studien är därmed att identifiera snabb- och lyxmodesektorernas hållbarhetsstrategier och jämföra likheter och skillnader mellan arbetssätten. Detta besvarades genom en granskning av hållbarhetsrapporter från fyra koncerner och ett företag i respektive sektor. En utvecklad version av Seuring och Müllers (2008) Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM)-ramverk kopplad till FNs globala mål för hållbar utveckling utgjorde studiens teoretiska perspektiv. SSCM erbjuder en struktur för att identifiera hållbarhetsstrategier som riktas mot klimatrelaterade utmaningar, medan FN:s mål sätter en gemensam agenda för miljömässig hållbarhet. Resultatet visar flera hållbarhetsstrategier samt likheter och skillnader mellan arbetssätten. Diskussionen presenterar och ställer dessa mot varandra. Slutsatsen är att både snabb- och lyxmodesektorerna implementerar flera hållbarhetsstrategier, men prioriterar dem olika i följd av sina åtskilda affärsmodeller. Studien bidrar med en förståelse för den europeiska modeindustrins hållbarhetsarbete och vilka strategier och prioriteringar respektive sektor åtar. Eftersom denna studie är avgränsad till miljömässig hållbarhet, bör vidare forskning undersöka de sociala och ekonomiska dimensionerna för att bredda förståelsen för sektorernas hållbarhetsarbete. / The fashion industry is a significant part of people's daily lives and self-expression, but it also has a substantial impact on the environment and resources. Fast fashion and luxury fashion have different business models and affect the environment in various ways. Fast fashion is known for high volumes, low costs, and short production cycles, which increase its environmental footprint. On the other hand, luxury fashion emphasises exclusivity, quality, and status, but it also has environmental consequences. The purpose of this study is to identify the sustainability strategies of the fast fashion and luxury fashion sectors and compare the similarities and differences between their approaches. This was addressed through a review of sustainability reports from four groups and one company in each sector. An enhanced version of Seuring and Müller's (2008) Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) framework, connected to the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), constituted the study's theoretical perspective. SSCM provides a structure for identifying sustainability strategies that address climate-related challenges, while the UN's goals set a common agenda for environmental sustainability. The results show several sustainability strategies as well as similarities and differences between the approaches. The discussion presents and contrasts these strategies. The conclusion is that both the fast fashion and luxury fashion sectors implement several sustainability strategies, but prioritise them differently due to their distinct business models. The study contributes to an understanding of the European fashion industry's sustainability efforts and the strategies and priorities undertaken by each sector. Since this study is limited to environmental sustainability, further research should investigate the social and economic dimensions to broaden the understanding of the sectors' sustainability efforts.

This thesis delves into the environmental impacts of renewable energytechnologies, focusing on a comparative analysis between Sweden andDenmark. Through extensive literature review and empirical analysis, thestudy examines the environmental implications of various renewable energysources, including wind, solar, and biomass, in both countries. By consideringfactors such as life cycle assessments, carbon emissions, land use, andecosystem impacts, the research aims to provide insights into thesustainability and environmental performance of renewable energydeployment strategies. Furthermore, the thesis evaluates the effectiveness ofpolicy interventions and regulatory frameworks in mitigating environmentalimpacts and promoting sustainable energy transitions in Sweden andDenmark. By comparing policy approaches, technological innovations, andindustry practices, the research seeks to identify best practices and lessonslearned for advancing environmental sustainability in the renewable energysector. Additionally, the study examines future perspectives and emergingtrends, such as circular economy principles and energy system integration,which could further enhance the environmental performance and resilience ofrenewable energy systems in both countries. Overall, this thesis contributesto a deeper understanding of the environmental implications of renewableenergy technologies and provides valuable insights for policymakers,industry stakeholders, and researchers seeking to promote sustainable energytransitions and mitigate climate change.

Выпускная квалификационная работа состоит из введения, трех частей, заключения, библиографического списка и приложений. Теоретическая часть представляет собой обзор различных исследований, проведенных выдающимися исследователями, а также направлена на то, чтобы дать отчет о прошлом и текущем состоянии проблемы, проанализировав предыдущие исследования по тесно связанной проблеме. В практической части анализируется влияние экологичных практик на брендинг работодателя в L&M компаниях в соответствии с программой исследования. Проектная часть содержит исследование и теоретические основы управления "зелеными" талантами и брендинга работодателей, разработку инструментов и методологии, сбор данных и информации о лучших практиках, анализ собранной информации и обсуждение результатов, заключения и рекомендации, основанные на результатах обсуждения результатов. В заключение подводятся итоги в соответствии с поставленными задачами. / The final qualifying work consists of an introduction, three parts, a conclusion, a bibliographic list, and appendixes. The theoretical part presents an insight into various studies conducted by outstanding researchers and also seeks to give an account of the past as well as current status of the problem by reviewing preceding studies into closely related problem. The practical part analyzes the impact of eco-friendly practices on employer branding in company L & M according of the program of research. Project part contents Research and theoretical basis of green talent management and employer branding, Development of instruments and methodology, Data Collection and best practices information, Analysis of information gathered and discussion of findings, Conclusions and Recommendations based on result of discussion of findings. In conclusion, the results are summed up in accordance with the tasks set.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar cual es el comportamiento físico mecánico en unidades de tierra reforzadas con residuos naturales como las fibras de pseudotallo de Musa Paradisiaca con valores de 0.5%, 3.5% y 7% en relación con el peso de cada unidad y mucílago de café al 25% en sustitución del agua. Dándole así una nueva oportunidad de aprovechamiento a los residuos mencionados. Los resultados indican un significativo aumento en la resistencia a la compresión y tracción mejorando hasta un 237% y 135% en unidades respectivamente, y 27.98% y 9% en muretes, en el ensayo de absorción se verificó que las muestras reforzadas absorben agua presentando menos desintegración que las muestras patrón. Se determinó que el porcentaje óptimo de adición es de 0.5% de fibra y 25% de mucilago para evaluar los ensayos de resistencia en muretes a compresión, tracción diagonal e inundación simulada. Se ha concluido que la incorporación de residuos naturales, como fibra de pseudotallo de Musa Paradisiaca y mucílago de café, en unidades de adobe permite mejorar sus propiedades mecánicas con un ligero incremento económico. Además, el uso de fibras y mucílagos en la construcción contribuye a reducir el impacto ambiental, lo que la convierte en una opción viable para abordar los problemas habitacionales en zonas con recursos limitados. / This study aims to evaluate the physical-mechanical behavior in soil units reinforced with natural waste such as Musa Paradisiaca Pseudostem fibers with values of 0.5%, 3.5%, and 7% in relation to the weight of each unit and mucilage of 25% coffee as a replacement of water. Thus, giving a new opportunity to use the waste as mentioned above. The results indicate a significant increase in compressive and tensile strength, improving up to 237% and 135% in units respectively, and 27.98% and 9% in walls. In the absorption test, it was verified that the reinforced samples absorb water, presenting less disintegration. than the standard samples. It was determined that the optimal addition percentage is 0.5% fiber and 25% mucilage to evaluate the resistance of walls in compression, diagonal traction, and simulated flooding. It has been concluded that incorporating natural waste, such as Musa Paradisiaca pseudostem fiber and coffee mucilage, in adobe units allows their mechanical properties to be improved with a slight economic increase. Additionally, using fibers and mucilage in construction contributes to reducing environmental impact, making this a viable option to address housing problems in areas with limited resources.

Until recently, the concept of green logistics has been disregarded by various logistics and transport companies in South Africa. The study on which this dissertation is based explored the green logistics practices that these companies are currently implementing in terms of the key drivers, benefits and barriers. A quantitative research approach was followed, were a survey (Lime) served as the primary research instrument. A census was conducted among 160 companies in Gauteng. The results of the study revealed a significant difference between SMEs (<200) and large (200 and above) companies with regard to their importance rating on green logistics practices. To achieve the primary objective of the study, a framework in green logistics was drafted for SMEs and large companies in South Africa, which outlined practices and opportunities companies can implement in their own businesses to benefit from ‘going green’. The usefulness of the latter mentioned guidelines needs to be tested in future research. / Public Administration and Management / M.. Com. (Logistics Management)

Problem: Idag påverkas företagen av tryck utifrån av sina intressenter vilket gör att de måste ta ett större ansvar för att legitimera sig. Olika branscher har varit med om olika skandaler och blivit uppmärksammade på olika sätt. Kan detta leda till att branscher utvecklas olika i sitt ansvarstagande för hållbarhet?Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka om olika branscher i Sveriges näringsliv har utvecklats olika emot ett hållbart samhälle och därmed att beskriva hur långt deras ansvarsområden sträcker sig i årsredovisningar och hållbarhetsredovisningar. Mer specifikt undersöka branschernas ansvar inom ekonomi, miljö och socialt.Forskningsfråga: Vilka skillnader finns det mellan branschernas ansvarstagande inom hållbarhet idag?Forskningsdesign: För att besvara vår forskningsfråga använde vi oss av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av företagens hållbarhetsrapporter och årsredovisningar. Vi utför en tvärsnittsstudie av tre branscher med tre företag i varje bransch. Branscherna är Textil-, livsmedel- och finansbranschen.Slutsatser: Sammanfattningsvis kan man se att det finns skillnader mellan branscherna. Textilbranschen visade på störst ansvar när man jämförde alla kategorier. Medan livsmedelsbranschen och finansbranschen visade på ett mindre ansvar i förhållande till textilbranschen. När vi sedan ser till varje kategori kan man urskilja var skillnaderna ligger. I den ekonomiska kategorin fanns en stor likhet och inga skillnader kunde identifieras. Inom kategorin för miljö visade textilbranschen ett betydligt större ansvar i förhållande till de övriga branscherna. Kategorin för det sociala ansvaret var betydligt mer omfattande och de olika branscherna utmärkte sig olika mycket i de olika underkategorierna. Inom alla underkategorier visade det sig att Livsmedelsbranschen tog ett mer jämnt ansvar. I anställningsförhållanden och arbetsvillkor utmärkte sig finansbranschen och vidare visade textilbranschen på ett stort ansvar inom mänskliga rättigheter. / Problem: Today’s businesses are affected by the pressure from the outside, by their stakeholders. This allows them to take greater responsibility for legitimacy. Different industries have been involved in various scandals and have received attention different ways. Could this lead to industries developing differently in their social responsibilities for sustainability?Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate whether various industries of the Swedish economy has developed differently to a sustainable society and thus to describe how far their responsibilities extend in annual reports and sustainability reports. More specifically investigate various industries responsibilities in regards to economic, environmental and social aspects.Research question: What differences exist between the industries' responsibility in sustainability today?Research Design: To answer our research question, we used a qualitative content analysis of corporate sustainability reports and annual reports. We carry out a cross-sectional study of three industries with three companies in each industry. The industries are textile, food and the finance industry.Conclusions: In summary, one can see that there are differences between industries in the whole. The textile industry showed the greatest responsibility when comparing all the categories. While the food industry and the financial industry showed a minor responsibility in relation to the textile industry. When you look at each category we can distinguish where the differences lie. In the economic category, there was a great similarity and no differences could be identified. Within the category of environment the textile industry showed a much greater responsibility in relation to the other industries. The category of social responsibility was much more extensive and the various industries stood out very different in the different subcategories. In all subcategories, it turned out that the food industry took a more evenly responsibility. In terms of employment and working conditions distinguished the financial industry and the textile industry showed great responsibility in human rights.

Ao longo de várias décadas vem se intensificando a urbanização no interior de áreas de mananciais da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo - RMSP. Como resultado tem-se a diminuição da cobertura vegetal, a poluição de mananciais e a precariedade das ocupações informais, a colocar em risco a vida de milhares de pessoas. O principal objetivo desta tese é avaliar que os instrumentos da nova legislação de mananciais não foram suficientes para uma efetiva melhora e de que os ajustes da nova legislação ainda que tenham promovido um avanço e uma certa contenção do quadro de degradação ambiental e social, ainda carecem de uma maior integração entre os agentes públicos do Estado e dos Municípios envolvidos na aplicação dos instrumentos previstos. Para tanto foi adotado um recorte territorial abrangendo municípios da RMSP e distritos do município de São Paulo que estivessem total ou parcialmente abrangidos pela LPM/1975-1976, a fim de avaliar, caso a caso, o crescimento demográfico, a expansão urbana e a diminuição da cobertura vegetal dentro e fora de mananciais. Constatamos um adensamento nos territórios abrangidos pela LPM/1975-1976 selecionados para estudo, o que implica mudanças nos padrões de ocupação e uma possível diminuição da pressão sobre os remanescentes florestais. Não obstante as medidas emergenciais levadas a efeito nessas áreas, o passivo ambiental ainda é significativo, exigindo ações coordenadas e integradas dos agentes públicos do Estado e municípios envolvidos, visando à melhoria das condições ambientais e de qualidade de vida de seus habitantes e à preservação dos mananciais de abastecimento público. Entendemos que tais movimentos podem constituir o caminho para a construção de áreas urbanas com um mínimo de sustentabilidade ambiental, tendo como horizonte futuro a possibilidade de existirem cidades sustentáveis, espaço de convivência de toda sua população. / During several decades the urbanization around areas of water spring in the \"São Paulo Metropolitan Region (RMSP)\"has become more intense. As a result of this process, the increase of informal occupancy, the decrease of vegetation in the affected areas and pollution of the water spring put the life of thousands of people at risk. This thesis evaluates that the legislation dedicated to water springs was not sufficient in providing a solution to the problems above. The instruments provided by the new legislation - though successful in improving the overall picture of social and environmental degradation of the spring regions - remain mostly unenforced due to a lack of integration between the state and city government levels. In order to show this result, a sample of territories of the RMSP and districts of the city of São Paulo was chosen among those covered by the Water Supply Protection Law - LPM/1975-1976. Case by case, demographic increase, urban expansion and the decrease in vegetation around spring regions was researched. We observed an increase of population density in the sampled territories encompassed by the LPM/1975-1976, which implies a change in the patterns of occupancy and less degradation of areas of forests possibly. Although emergency actions were taken, the environmental degradation is far reaching. The preservation of the water and vegetation of the spring and the improvements of life quality of the local population require coordinated effort from public agents in the state and city levels. In our understanding, these coordinated actions may form a path to the ultimate goal of constructing urban areas with environmental sustainability.

O estudo de impacto ambiental (EIA), diante da concepção de avaliação de impacto ambiental (AIA), determina, em seus objetivos, a necessidade de se demonstrar a viabilidade ambiental não só de projetos, mas também de políticas, planos e programas (PPP). Considerado atualmente como instrumento ambiental essencial a qualquer processo decisório, conceitualmente distingue-se por necessidades e respostas diferentes para PPP, daquelas previstas para projetos. No Brasil, a prática associada somente a projetos e desvinculada das decisões que ponderem as alternativas locacionais, tem demonstrado distorções de uso do instrumento EIA no que se refere a respostas e também à sua credibilidade. Esta prática se refletirá no estabelecimento de responsabilidades distintas quanto à geração e disponibilidade das informações, no entendimento do conceito de EIA, como também no universo de exigências a serem requeridas. No que se refere à articulação com outros instrumentos da PNMA, cabe ao zoneamento ecológico econômico (ZEE) um grande papel, qual seja, o de articulador ambiental das diferentes escalas da AIA e gerador do diagnóstico ambiental com cenários e possibilidades de prognóstico. Conceitualmente o ZEE indica, ambientalmente e de maneira prévia, todas as alternativas de localização, ao contemplar os fatores ambientais diante da capacidade de suporte do meio em relação a uma determinada atividade, além de ser mais adequado para delimitar a área de influência e/ou os conflitos. Portanto, o estabelecimento de universos mais claros para cada escala de abordagem do instrumento AIA e a possibilidade de articulação com o ZEE desobrigarão o EIA de respostas e compromissos de implicações relacionadas a políticas públicas ao subsidiar os empreendimentos públicos e privados. O presente trabalho avalia o instrumento AIA e a possibilidade de aproveitar a implementação do ZEE para melhorar o alcance e eficiência do EIA, e se configurar como mais um instrumento de contribuição à sustentabilidade ambiental / The environment impact statement (EIS), facing the concept environment impact assessment (EIA), settles, in its objectives, the need to demonstrate not only the environment viability of projects, but also of policies, plans and programs (PPP). Currently considered as essential environment instrument to any decision making process, conceptually EIA marks presence for necessities and different answers for PPP. In Brazil, the practice associated only to projects and out of the decisions that ponder the localization alternatives, has demonstrated distortions in the use of the EIS instrument in relation of its answers and also to its credibility. This practice will be reflected on the establishment of distinct responsibilities considering the generation and availability of information, in the agreement of the EIS concept, and also in the universe of requirements to be met. In relation to the joint action with other instruments of the PNMA, it gives to the economic ecological zoning (ZEE) an important role, which is, being the environmental articulator of different scales of the EIA and generator of environmental diagnosis with scenes and possibilities of prognostic. Conceptually the ZEE indicates, environmentally and previously way, all environmental factors facing localization alternatives, when contemplating the carrying capacity in relation to a determined activity, besides being more adjusted to delimit the area of influence and/or the conflicts. Therefore, the establishment of clearer universes for each scale of approaching the instrument EIA and the possibility of joint action with the ZEE will liberate the EIS from giving answers and commitments of related implications to public policies and subsidizing the enterprises. The present work evaluates the EIA instrument and the possibility and advantage of the implementation of the ZEE to enlarge the range and to improve the EIS efficiency, and to configure it as an additional contribution instrument to environmental sustainability