Originada na escravidão e reforçada ainda hoje nas diversas formas de relações cotidianas, a imagem de sexualidade exagerada e inata, colada ao corpo negro, reproduz elementos de violência simbólica e condena, muitas vezes, o corpo negro à morte semiótica. Na tentativa de dissociar-se dessa imagem, o sujeito negro adota algumas estratégias que vão da atitude contida em relação ao exercício da sua afetividade e sexualidade, passando pelo questionamento dos condicionamentos eróticos e, por fim, constituindo uma outra semântica para o corpo negro. Dessarte, esta dissertação procurou perscrutar o enunciado e a enunciação das poesias eróticas de Cadernos Negros na tentativa de desvelar as relações estabelecidas entre as categorias semânticas liberdade vs. opressão; público vs. privado; e individual vs. coletivo. Cadernos Negros é um periódico literário, publicado ininterruptamente há 28 anos, cujo objetivo é divulgar uma enunciação negra na Literatura Brasileira. / The image of the black body has being linked to an exaggerated and innate sexuality originated in the slave era, and is even nowadays reinforced by daily and diverse social relations and interactions. This racialized notion of the black body reproduces elements of symbolic violence, and moreover, condemns the black body to a semiotic death. In an attempt to dissociate themselves from such images, the black writers adopt strategies that go from the attitude contained in the exercise of affectivity and sexuality, passing through the questioning of erotic conditioning, and finally, constituting an alternative semantics of the black body. From this perspective, this dissertation looks to articulate the enunciations of the Black Notebooks erotic poetry, in an attempt to highlight the established relations between semantic categories such as freedom vs. oppression, public vs. private, and individual vs. collective. The Black Notebooks is a literary periodical published uninterrupted in Brazil for 28 years. It\'s objective is to pursue the black utterance in Brazilian literature.

Esta dissertação tem como objeto a Série das ligas, de Wesley Duke Lee, e a examina do ponto de vista da semiótica tensiva. Seu objetivo principal é verificar como se dão as operações no plano da expressão cuja semiótica se apoia nas articulações entre as ocorrências concretas (substâncias) e os sistemas de posições vazias, as estruturas; nesse sistema de estrutura, essas ocorrências assumem valores, ora de esvaziamento, ora de preenchimento. O jogo entre um e outro ocorre em um contínuo tensivo que oscila entre uma configuração mais plástica e outra mais figurativa, o que nos permite depreender um andamento mais acelerado ou mais desacelerado a depender das escolhas enunciativas. Inicialmente, abordamos a abstração e a figurativização nas artes plásticas, contemplando objetividade e subjetividade. Em seguida tratamos do erotismo, da modalização bem como da enunciação e do programa semiótico do erotismo. Ainda no desenvolvimento ocupamo-nos das escolhas enunciativas de expressão e conteúdo focalizando, inteligível e sensível na pintura e, particularmente, na obra de Duke Lee. Focalizamos também coerções artísticas de estilo e de gênero, assim como os efeitos de linha e cor entre desenho e pintura. Foi ainda objeto de exame a semiose das linhas, em que tratamos de sua tonicidade. Finalmente cuidamos de operações da substância da expressão e de seus efeitos na linguagem plástica. O que nos levou a considerar a relação de contraste e valores bem como a relação sintáxica na Série das ligas. Fecha a dissertação um conjunto de observações, entre as quais se destaca a de que o artista elege elementos expressivos que se orientam de valores mais extensos a mais intensos, sugerindo o alcance da liberdade das coerções miméticas das figuras do universo erótico para atingir operações das substâncias em forma / This dissertation aims Wesley Duke Lees Série das ligas, examining it from a tensive semiotics point of view. The main goal is to verify how operations occur on expression foreground where semiotics rests on articulations between concrete occurrences (substances) and the hollow systems positions, the structures; on this structure system, this occurrences assume values, either of emptiness or filling. The play between one and other occurs in continuous tensive which varies between a more plastic configuration and a more figurative one, what allows an either more accelerated or more decelerated progress depending on enunciative choices. Initially, abstraction and figurativization on plastic arts were contemplated with objectivity and subjectivity. Hereupon, erotism modalization, enunciation and the semiotic program of erotism were explored. Throughout development, expression enunciative choices and content were focused, aiming the intelligible and the sensitive in painting and, particularly, in Duke Lees work. Stile and gender artistic coercions were focused, as well as line and color effects among drawings and paintings. Other object of study was the semiosis of lines in which its tonicity was prospected. Finally, the substance of expression operations and its effects on plastic language were explored. That brought contrast and value into consideration as well as the sintaxic relation on Série das ligas. Towards the end, a combination of observations were made, among which we highlight that the artist selects value oriented expressive elements that are more or less extensive, suggesting the freedom of reach of the figure mimetic coercions of the erotic universe, to achieve substance operations in form

Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar a obra completa de Raduan Nassar e analisar de que forma a vertigem, a desmedida e o excesso inerentes ao erotismo moldam sua prosa. Essa obra ficcional encena, de variadas maneiras, a impossibilidade da verdade perante a pletora de possibilidades da palavra. Em geral, o embate entre as personagens ganha em complexidade quando um dos disputantes é também o dono da voz, apegado ao privilégio de transmitir sua visão única dos fatos. Na tensão entre uma apologia da destruição irrestrita da verdade e a defesa feroz da própria fala, reside uma afirmação categórica da virilidade do narrador, que é, na maior parte das vezes, realizada de forma violenta. Se isso acontece, talvez seja porque se trata, quase sempre, de uma virilidade à beira de um colapso e, se assim o for, potencializada tanto pela intensidade quanto pela precariedade. Essa hipótese ganha fôlego quando nos lembramos de que os confrontos entre o feminino e o masculino compõem um dos eixos da ficção de Nassar, não raro fortemente erotizada. A poética de Raduan Nassar esforça-se em ocultar o referente contextual e fazer o leitor perder-se em seu labirinto textual de pistas falsas ou bem guardadas. Daí a voracidade e a maneira em geral dissimulada com que se serve de textos tão distintos como os da Bíblia, do Alcorão, dos mitos gregos, da filosofia, da tradição hermético-alquímica, da literatura. Poética que opta por um caminho subterrâneo, sinuoso e indireto, entre a realidade e a ficção, e que leva em conta o fato de todas as questões humanas trazerem, sob a máscara da linguagem e o disfarce do cinismo, um componente fundamental de luta pelo poder e de controle de corpos. / This study aims to investigate how vertigo, lack of limits and excess intrinsic to eroticism shape Raduan Nassars prose in his complete works. In many senses, his fictional oeuvre stages the impossibility of truth before the plethora of written word possibilities. In general, the conflict amongst character has its complexity enhanced when one of them is also the one who speaks, compromised with the privilege of transmitting his or her single view of the facts. In the tension of an apology of unrestrained destruction of truth against the fierce defense of his or her speech itself lies a categorical statement of the narrators virility, which is, in most cases, carried out with violence. If that happens, it may be often due to a virility on the verge of collapse and, if so, empowered by both intensity and precariousness. This hypothesis is reinforced by the battle between feminine and masculine, often highly eroticized, which is one of the axes of Nassar fiction. Raduan Nassars poetics strive to hide the contextual referent and make the reader lose himself in its textual maze of false or shadowy tracks. That is the origin of the voracity and the stealthy way in which it alludes to texts as varied as the Bible, the Koran, Greek myths, philosophy, hermetic-alchemical tradition and literature. It regards the election of an underground, winding and oblique way between reality and fiction, and takes into account the fact that all human affairs bring as a key component, under the mask of language and the guise of cynicism, the struggle for power and the control of the body.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:43:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Polyana Zappa.pdf: 2812534 bytes, checksum: 7f8d15d36e335fb171f38e91de2d2ff6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-22 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The research presents as study object the reflection on Marcel Duchamp's last work Etant donnés ", relating: the reflection of the work-object, the woman's construction image, the link of the work with the Great Glass considered as the artist's most significant work. As enxadrista/artista established a game among the spectator, the work and the History of the Art. The work Etant donnés was chosen by presenting contradictions with the artist's own production and the eroticism opened in counterpoint with the underlying eroticism in the other works. The contradiction was always present in the speech, in the creations, in your thoughts and with this last east fact it is confirmed. / A pesquisa apresenta como objeto de estudo a reflexão sobre a última obra "Etant donnés" de Marcel Duchamp, relacionando: a reflexão da obra-objeto, a construção imagem da mulher, o elo da obra com o Grande Vidro considerado como o trabalho mais significativo do artista. Como enxadrista/artista estabeleceu um jogo entre o espectador, a obra e a História da Arte. A obra Etant donnés foi escolhida por apresentar contradições com a própria produção do artista e o erotismo escancarado em contraponto com o erotismo subjacente nas outras obras. A contradição sempre esteve presente na fala, nas criações, em seus pensamentos e com esta última este fato se confirma.

Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar a obra completa de Raduan Nassar e analisar de que forma a vertigem, a desmedida e o excesso inerentes ao erotismo moldam sua prosa. Essa obra ficcional encena, de variadas maneiras, a impossibilidade da verdade perante a pletora de possibilidades da palavra. Em geral, o embate entre as personagens ganha em complexidade quando um dos disputantes é também o dono da voz, apegado ao privilégio de transmitir sua visão única dos fatos. Na tensão entre uma apologia da destruição irrestrita da verdade e a defesa feroz da própria fala, reside uma afirmação categórica da virilidade do narrador, que é, na maior parte das vezes, realizada de forma violenta. Se isso acontece, talvez seja porque se trata, quase sempre, de uma virilidade à beira de um colapso e, se assim o for, potencializada tanto pela intensidade quanto pela precariedade. Essa hipótese ganha fôlego quando nos lembramos de que os confrontos entre o feminino e o masculino compõem um dos eixos da ficção de Nassar, não raro fortemente erotizada. A poética de Raduan Nassar esforça-se em ocultar o referente contextual e fazer o leitor perder-se em seu labirinto textual de pistas falsas ou bem guardadas. Daí a voracidade e a maneira em geral dissimulada com que se serve de textos tão distintos como os da Bíblia, do Alcorão, dos mitos gregos, da filosofia, da tradição hermético-alquímica, da literatura. Poética que opta por um caminho subterrâneo, sinuoso e indireto, entre a realidade e a ficção, e que leva em conta o fato de todas as questões humanas trazerem, sob a máscara da linguagem e o disfarce do cinismo, um componente fundamental de luta pelo poder e de controle de corpos. / This study aims to investigate how vertigo, lack of limits and excess intrinsic to eroticism shape Raduan Nassars prose in his complete works. In many senses, his fictional oeuvre stages the impossibility of truth before the plethora of written word possibilities. In general, the conflict amongst character has its complexity enhanced when one of them is also the one who speaks, compromised with the privilege of transmitting his or her single view of the facts. In the tension of an apology of unrestrained destruction of truth against the fierce defense of his or her speech itself lies a categorical statement of the narrators virility, which is, in most cases, carried out with violence. If that happens, it may be often due to a virility on the verge of collapse and, if so, empowered by both intensity and precariousness. This hypothesis is reinforced by the battle between feminine and masculine, often highly eroticized, which is one of the axes of Nassar fiction. Raduan Nassars poetics strive to hide the contextual referent and make the reader lose himself in its textual maze of false or shadowy tracks. That is the origin of the voracity and the stealthy way in which it alludes to texts as varied as the Bible, the Koran, Greek myths, philosophy, hermetic-alchemical tradition and literature. It regards the election of an underground, winding and oblique way between reality and fiction, and takes into account the fact that all human affairs bring as a key component, under the mask of language and the guise of cynicism, the struggle for power and the control of the body.

L‘étude de notre corpus porte sur les chansons d‘amour et d‘ami gallaïco-portugaises datées de la fin du XIIème jusqu‘au milieu du XIVème siècle. La problématique consiste à déterminer quelle dialectique entretiennent le troubadour et la figure féminine à travers ces deux genres lyriques dans le cadre de l‘amour et de l‘érotisme. Leur rapport amoureux repose sur une dialectique soit platonicienne, soit hégélienne, en fonction du genre lyrique, de la thématique de l‘amour et de l‘érotisme, de leur appartenance sociale, de la référence aux histoires amoureuses réelles et imaginaires de l‘époque, mais aussi de la matière, de la forme, de l‘origine et de la source d‘influence de la chanson. Le regard porté sur la femme dans la société médiévale ibérique a subi l‘influence d‘un double discours entretenu par les Penseurs de l‘Église qui a consisté, d‘une part à inférioriser la femme en la rendant responsable du péché originel, et d‘autre part à lui associer une image maternelle et mariale tout à la fois. Face à cette vision, le troubadour entend concevoir une nouvelle image féminine dans ses compositions lyriques, selon deux modèles de représentation. D‘abord, il décrit une figure féminine abstraite et inaccessible dans un espace et un temps sacrés à travers une peinture érotique de l‘amour. Cette figure s‘apparente à celle de la Dame de la cour, de la comtesse de Tripoli ou de la Vierge Marie. Mais aussi, proche de lui, il la met en scène dans des récits amoureux conformes au monde profane et à la réalité historique et sociale, en faisant une jeune femme célibataire ou mariée, appartenant soit à la noblesse, à la bourgeoisie, ou à la paysannerie. / The study of our corpus is about the gallaïco-portuguese songs of love and friend dated from the late twelfth to the mid-fourteenth century. The problem is to determine what dialectic maintain the troubadour and the feminine face through the two lyric genres in the context of love and eroticism. Their loving relationship is based on a dialectic either Platonic or Hegelian, depending on the lyric genre, the theme of love and eroticism, their social class, the reference to real and imaginary loving stories of the period, but also of the material, the shape, the origin and the source of influence of the song. The glance carried towards the woman in the iberian medieval society was under the influence of a double speech maintained by the Thinkers of the Church which consisted, on one hand to minimize the importance of woman in making responsible original sin and on the other hand to associate her a maternal image and Marian quite at the same time. In front of this vision, the troubadour intends to design a new image of woman in his lyrical compositions, according to two models of representation. At first, he describes an abstract and inaccessible feminine face in a space and sacred time through an erotic paint in the love. This face is similar to that of the Lady of the court, the countess of Tripoli or the Virgin Mary. But also, near him, he depicts her in loving narratives corresponding to the profane world and to the historic and social reality, as a young woman married or single, belonging either to the nobility, the middle-class, or the peasantry.

Cette thèse propose d’analyser comment la prostitution dans l’oeuvre écrite de Marguerite Duras se décline sous différentes formes. En croisant histoire littéraire,philosophie et psychanalyse, ce travail montre que la prostitution, loin d’être un simple motif,participe à l’acte créateur. L’écriture de Duras, façonnée par l’écart, est constamment prise dans une tension productrice de sens : c’est depuis l’écart en effet que l’écrivain construit son oeuvre (écart par rapport à la doxa, par rapport à la langue), préférant subvertir la norme plutôt que de la suivre.Nous commencerons par envisager la prostitution d’un point de vue thématique : ce motif, prégnant dans l’oeuvre depuis les premiers textes, tisse une véritable fantasmatique et donne à voir une oeuvre qui, renversant l’axiologie, sacralise le profane et fait de l’écart son centre. La prostitution, véritable creuset de l’écrit, devient dès lors un enjeu poïétique (elle fonde l’écriture même). Mais au-delà de l’idéalisation d’un don de soi, il appert que la prostitution a un enjeu plus profond : un enjeu métaphysique. Nous montrerons ensuite comment le fait de s’offrir participe d’une quête infinie, celle de l’Absolu. Proposer son corps est un acte tendu entre désir et deuil et s’apparente à une recherche de l’Alèthéia (la vérité par le dévoilement) plus qu’à une simple transaction dépourvue d’érotisme. Dans tous les cas, se prostituer relève avant tout d’une mise en scène où la théâtralité domine ; c’est ce point que nous analyserons en dernière partie. À partir des années 1980 le rapport de la prostituée à la vérité évolue, et l’écart, plus que le rapprochement entre les êtres, est monnayé. / This dissertation analyses the different meanings of prostitution in the writings of Marguerite Duras. Through the intersecting analytical lenses of literary history, philosophy and psychoanalysis, our research shows that prostitution, far from being a simple subject, is inherent to the creative art and act of the author. Writing, for Duras, is the product of a creative tension shaped by distance : the very margin (away from the doxa, the language itself) from which the author crafted her work is the creative force that informs her desire to diverge from the norm and effectively strive to overturn rather than follow it.We will first consider the thematic of prostitution – prevalent from her earliest texts – throughout Duras’s work and how it weaves a veritable fantasy matrix proposing a body of work that reverses the common axiology by sacralizing profanity and placing the margin at the center. Prostitution becomes a melting pot of the writing process and reveals the agenda of the potentialities within creation (it shapes writing itself). Nevertheless, beyond the idealization of giving oneself to another, prostitution runs deeper than the skin : it has ametaphysical sense. Indeed, we demonstrate how offering one’s body is linked to an infinite quest or thirst that only the Absolute of life can quench. Offering one’s body is a tense act situated between desire and mourning and that can be interpreted as the quest for Aletheia(truth through unveiling), rather than a simple transaction free of any eroticism. In any case,to prostitute oneself is above all, a staged performance deeply rooted in theatricality, and this point is analyzed in the last part of our work. After the 1980s the rapport between the prostitute and the truth changes and distance, far more than the rapprochement between bodies and beings, is then paid in cash.

This thesis comprises two works: a novel ‘Libertine’ and a monograph ‘A writer’s reflection’. ‘Libertine’contemplates the eroticising and brutalising of being, and sex as currency, as need and as sacrament. It is set in a city where war is the norm, nightmare the standard, and ancient deities are called upon to witness the new order of killing technologies. The story is narrated by a woman chosen to be the consort of the General, a despostic war leader who believes that he has been chosen by the goddess Kali. She journeys deep into a horror which exists not only around her, but also within her. ‘Libertine’, by melding the erotic and the Gothic, tells the story of a woman enacting the role cast for her in the complex theatres of war. ‘A writer’s reflection’ discusses the themes of the novel, introducing the notion of existential erotica. The existential experience particular to the expression of the erotic being is discussed, and the dilemma which arises from a self yearning to merge ecstatically with an/other in order to obtain a heightened or differently valued self. This theme is elaborated in ‘Libertine’ with regard to subjectivity and the broader issues of nausea, horror and choice, drawing on the conventions of Gothic literature and apocalyptic visioning. This visioning, as eroticised death worship, is found in a Sadian credo of cruelty, the tantric rituals of Kali devotion, and the annihilating erotic excess propounded by Bataille. The monograph illustrated that ‘Libertine’ is not a re-representation of these elements, but an original contribution to the literature of erotica. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

The aim of this s tudy is to investigate the three great existential questions—anxiety, love and death—in the works of Stig Dagerman. Emphasis is placed on the novels Ormen [The Snake] (1945), De dömdas ö [The Island of the Doomed ] (1946), Bränt barn [A Burnt Child] (1948), and Bröllopsbesvär [Wedding Worries] (1949), as well as the play Den dödsdömde [The Condemned] (1948). To this end, interpretation is used in the sense given to it by Paul Ricoeur—interpretation that leads to an understanding of a double meaning. In the present case, this means that the texts' symbolic level is revealed and accorded as great an importance as the story at the surface, manifest level . The theme of anxiety is most apparent in the first novel, while the question of eroticism is central to De dömdas ö and Bränt barn. Each novel expresses a pessimistic view of erotic love as a realizable possibility. Death, which has concrete, motivational and abstract aspects , occurs in every text. Murder and suicide interact with inner, spiritual deadness. This state means acquiring a lowered or threatened inner vitality in which the psyche becomes "icebound". Inner deadness is a form of anxiety. Analysis reveals that anxiety, the complications of love and the problem of death are related to a mother figure. The mother figures in the texts are alternately the objects of destructive hatred and excessive love. Behind these mother figures is concealed the experience of a mother who has betrayed, and who is there fore the object of both aggression and longing. This longing, according to Freudian-Lacanic theory, is expressed in a desire for the mother's body, i.e. a longing fo r the lost unity with the mother in original symbiosis. Thus, the mother figure in the texts also has mythical dimensions—Mother and death are in a sense equivalent. To die is to return to the mother, but death, or the proximity of death thus also provides the opportunity for a symbolic rebirth. Both the proximity of concrete death—as in thwarted suicide attempts—and a symbolic death — as in the form of extreme self-degradation—give rise to an increased feeling of life, if only for a moment. The psychologist Robert Jay Lifton has shown that murder can be a conscious step in a process of self- destruction. Murder is in this case a phase in a search for revitaliza-tion, which is thus the ultimate aim of suicide. This phenomenon appears on the symbolic level in Dagermans works, especially in the play Den dödsdömde. The interpretation reveals that the existential question that dominates Dagerman's texts is the struggle against the threat of inner deadness. The fixation with death in the texts is, in the final analysis , an expression of a desire to live. / digitalisering@umu

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.