Orientador: Jose Luiz dos Santos / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T04:14:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DelCont_ValdeirDonizete_D.pdf: 3917121 bytes, checksum: 9f1794257f0c8a0fe069a5f8804685dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Esta tese tem como objetivo defender que nos Estados Unidos, em torno do termo eugenia, estabeleceram-se referenciais teóricos e práticas sociais a partir da concepção de que a eugenia tratava-se de uma legítima ciência da hereditariedade, no sentido de fazer estender para os seres humanos o que seria válido para ervilhas, milhos, porcos e cavalos, com o firme propósito do melhoramento das especificidades genéticas humanas. Proposta por Francis Galton como conseqüência lógica da aplicação da teoria da seleção natural darwiniana na constituição biológica humana, procuraremos demonstrar que a eugenia se estabeleceu como um campo de produção de saber científico em estreita sintonia com o desenvolvimento do debate sobre hereditariedade na passagem do século XIX para o XX, em um contexto pautado pelo avanço imperialista e por teorias raciológicas e discriminatórias que buscavam legitimar práticas sociais em função da melhora racial da espécie humana, a partir da eliminação das características consideradas eugenicamente inferiores. Para tanto, procurar-se-á relacionar os referenciais teóricos que deram sustentação epistêmica às práticas laboratoriais e sociais fundamentadas nos princípios eugênicos, bem como estruturar as práticas institucionais que possibilitaram a formação de um modelo de eugenia que descreveremos como modelo estadunidense, a partir do qual uma série de medidas foram implementadas visando à eliminação do que foi considerado o germeplasma defeituoso responsável pela degenerescência dos indivíduos e das condições sociais. Considerado até pouco tempo como um assunto superado, principalmente devido à sua associação com a ideologia nazista, a eugenia, por intermédio dos novos cenários abertos pelo avanço da ciência genômica, volta a ocupar não somente o imaginário social, como também, através de novas roupagens, parece estar presente em uma série de desdobramentos envolvendo as ciências genômicas, principalmente em suas versões biotecnológica, farmacogenômica e genética, o que torna relevante a reconsideração da formação da eugenia, seu declínio e transformação como campo de produção de conhecimento científico / Abstract: This thesis aims to defend that theoretical approaches and social practices from the conception that eugenics was a legitimate science of the hereditary succession were established about the word eugenics in the United States of America, in the sense of extending to the human beings what would be valid for peas, corns, pigs and horses, with the purpose of improving the human beings genetic nature. Proposed by Francis Galton as a logical consequence of the application of the Darwin¿s theory on natural selection in the human beings biological constitution, we will demonstrate that the eugenics established itself as a scientific knowledge production field in straight accordance with the development of the debate about hereditary succession in the passage from the nineteenth to twentieth centuries, within a context marked by the imperialist advance, by racial and discriminatory theories that searched to legitimize social practices in function of racial improvement of the human species, through the elimination of the characteristics considered lower eugenically. Therefore, we will relate the theoretical basis that had given epistemic sustenance to the laboratory and social practices established in the eugenics principles, as well as structuralizing the institutional practices that make possible the formation of a eugenics model that we will describe as an United States model, through which a series of measures had been implemented aiming the elimination of what was considered the defective germeplasma responsible for the individuals degeneration and for the social conditions. Considered until little time ago as an surpassed subject, mainly due to its association with the Nazi ideology, the eugenics, through of the new setting opened by the advance of genomic science, comes back not only to occupy the social imaginary, but also, through new version, seems to be present in a series of foldings involving genomics sciences, mainly in its biotechnological, farmacogenetic and genetic versions, that becomes relevant the reconsideration of the eugenics formation, its decline and transformation as a field of production of scientific knowledge / Doutorado / Ciencias Sociais / Doutor em Ciências Sociais

O presente estudo aborda o tema da eugenia - ciência que pregava a aplicação de práticas de melhoramento e aprimoramento da espécie humana - e suas influências nas pesquisas e práticas médicas no início do século XX. A eugenia consistiu em uma importante estratégia para enfrentamento da diversidade imposta nas cidades, contribuindo para a construção da ordem e civilidade, baseada no progresso e na superioridade moral e física dos indivíduos. Ao defender a reprodução humana controlada para obter uma raça pura, pregava a eliminação dos \"inferiores\" e \"degenerados\" por meio de práticas de saneamento, exclusão social, isolamento compulsório, controle de casamentos e, em alguns casos, esterilização involuntária. A transição dos séculos XIX e XX marcou o período de ascensão do movimento eugenista, onde os médicos ganharam posição de destaque como representantes da ciência, exercendo influência sobre diferentes esferas da sociedade, com o objetivo de sanear o meio e oferecer condições para a elevação da raça. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a influência da eugenia nos estudos e práticas médicas entre 1920 e 1939, a partir da produção das teses doutorais da antiga Faculdade de Medicina e Cirurgia de São Paulo (atual Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo), especificando os elementos relacionados às práticas eugênicas lamarckistas (positivas) e mendelistas (negativas). Para a realização do estudo, foram realizados levantamento e análise de 45 teses doutorais, analisadas sob os referenciais metodológicos pautados no conceito da lógica histórica (Thompson, 1981), do paradigma indiciário (Ginzburg, 1989) e das leituras como representações (Chartier, 1991). A pesquisa encontra subsídios nos estudos em Saúde Coletiva, buscando fornecer elementos no sentido de compreender os princípios do discurso médico-eugênico nas práticas médicas e educacionais do período, contribuindo para a análise de processos de rupturas e permanências históricas nas práticas em saúde. As teses doutorais podem ser consideradas representativas na apresentação das temáticas médico-eugênicas, que estavam presentes, de alguma forma, na estrutura de ensino da faculdade, reforçando a importância atribuída à eugenia no meio científico da época / This study addresses the theme of eugenics - science that proclaimed the application of practices for improvement and enhancement of human species - and its influences on medical practices and research in the early 20th century. Eugenics consisted of an important strategy for coping with the diversity imposed in cities, contributing to the foundation of order and civility, based on progress and moral and physical superiority of individuals. By supporting the idea of controlled human reproduction to obtain a pure race, it preached the elimination of the \"inferior\" and \"degenerate\" by means of sanitation practices, social exclusion, compulsory isolation, marriage control, and, in some cases, involuntary sterilization. The transition of the 19th and 20th centuries has marked the period of ascension of the eugenic movement, in which doctors have gained prominent position as science representatives, exerting its influence on diverse spheres of society, aiming to sanitize the environment and offering conditions for the rise of the race. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of eugenics on medical studies and practices between 1920 and 1939, from the production of doctoral theses of the former Medicine and Surgery College of São Paulo [Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo] (currently Medicine College of São Paulo University [Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo]), specifying elements related to lamarckist (positive) and mendelist (negative) eugenic practices. In order to fulfil the study, 45 doctoral theses were surveyed and analyzed according to the methodological guidelines based on the concept of historical logic (Thompson, 1981), the indiciary paradigm (Ginzburg, 1989) and the readings as representations (Chartier, 1991). The research finds subsidies in Collective Health studies, seeking to provide elements to understand the principles of medical-eugenic discourse in the medical and educational practices of the period, contributing to the analysis of processes of historical rupture and maintenance in health practices. The doctoral theses can be considered representative in the presentation of the medical-eugenic themes that were present, in some way, in the teaching structure of the college, reinforcing the importance attributed to eugenics in the scientific environment of the time

Orientador: Heloísa Helena Pimenta da Rocha / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T20:04:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kinoshita_CarolinaToshie_M.pdf: 7756564 bytes, checksum: 6bc7b9336df3b1d4bfff3d775524d18b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Esta dissertação versa sobre dois manuais escolares de higiene, A fada Hygia: primeiro livro de Hygiene e Cartilha de Higiene: alfabeto da saúde, elaborados pelo farmacêutico e médico eugenista Dr. Renato Ferraz Kehl, entre os anos de 1923 e 1936. Esses materiais foram recomendados e adotados pela Diretoria Geral de Instrução Pública do Distrito Federal e dos estados de São Paulo, Pará e Pernambuco e, posteriormente, pela Comissão de Educação, para os primeiros anos escolares. Além disso, foram mencionados nos principais impressos do Brasil, chegando a ecoar em alguns periódicos estrangeiros. Propomos analisar esses manuais escolares em suas diversas dimensões, que compreendem o contexto social de sua produção; a identificação dos círculos sociais criados para a sua difusão; as repercussões na imprensa de grande circulação e especializada; as modificações ao longo de suas reedições. Pretende-se, também, relacionar essas dimensões dos manuais com um estudo da trajetória profissional do seu autor. Os resultados dessa pesquisa nos apontam para o vínculo estabelecido entre os manuais escolares de higiene selecionados e um ideal de "eugenização" da sociedade, presente nas primeiras décadas do século XX. / Abstract: This study focus on two schoolbooks of Hygiene, A fada Hygia: primeiro livro de Hygiene and Cartilha de Hygiene: alfabeto da saúde, developed by the pharmacist and eugenicist doctor Renato Ferraz Kehl, between the years of 1923 and 1936. These materials were recommended and adopted by Office of Public Instruction (Diretoria Geral de Instrução Pública) of the Distrito Federal and by the states of São Paulo, Pará and Pernambuco and, later, by Education Committee (Comissão de Educação), for early school years. These manuals were also mentioned at the most important Brazilian newspapers, and yet reverberating in some foreign journals. We propose to analyze these schoolbooks in its various dimensions, regarding to the social context of their production; the identification of social circles created for their dissemination; the repercussions in specialized and mass circulation newspapers; the changes through the different editions. We also intended to relate these dimensions of the manuals with a study of the author professional path. The results of this research point to the bond established between the schoolbooks of Hygiene selected and an ideal of "eugenization" of society in the early decades of the 20th century. / Mestrado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Mestra em Educação

Este trabalho tem como pretensão a problematização dos discursos dietéticos da atualidade e do modo que se formulam através deles todo um bioascetismo no qual a saúde é a finalidade última. Dessa forma, partindo do método genealógico de pesquisa histórica o objetivo é compreender como se tornou possível, e por meio de quais estratégias políticas, o vínculo entre determinadas técnicas de si (a alimentação, os exercícios físicos e a estética) e a qualidade de vida como modalidade ético-política. Teve , assim, a pretensão de produzir uma história da dietética que possa ser, ao mesmo tempo, uma crítica do bioascetismo presente. Isso foi feito por meio da análise de como a dietética se tornou uma forma de saber sobre os homens, um dispositivo de governo populacional e uma tecnologia de si mesmo. Nesse sentido, três momentos fundamentais e entrelaçados da história brasileira foram selecionados para dar conta desse problema: o período higiênico, o período eugênico e o nascimento da nova dietética. / This theses aims to bring out some nowadays dietetics discourses, and the way by which a bio-asceticism (raised by those discourses), in which health is the ultimate goal, came out. Thus, from a genealogic research methodology, the main goal of this study was understand how certain self technics (eating, physical exercises, and aesthetics) are related to life quality as ethical and political mode. Then, political strategies were reviewed. Therefore, this study have the propose of making a brief history of dietetics, so that, withal, criticize the bio-asceticism existent in the dietetics history. That was done by the analysis of how dietetics has turned into a way of knowing about man, a sort of human self-control technology, and an apparatus that allow population ruling. In order to do so, three different moments in the Brazilian history were chosen: Hygienic Period, Eugenic Period, and the birth of the new Dietetics.

Between 1918 and 1933, the eugenic notion of “defective heredity” was central to psychiatric practice in British Columbia. Public and medical professionals’ concerns were heightened by an apparent increase in “insane” and “mentally deficient” individuals in the province. Using the annual reports for the asylums and the case files of women who were admitted to the Public Hospital for the Insane and to Essondale between 1918 and 1933, this thesis examines the relationship between psychiatric practice and eugenics, specifically how eugenically-minded asylum physicians classified and diagnosed female patients. Asylum physicians used admissions forms, patient interviews, observation, and inference to make diagnoses. Often, despite a lack of evidence, they concluded that patients had inherited a predisposition to mental disease. Women admitted to B.C.’s Public Hospital for the Insane and to Essondale were more likely than their male counterparts to have their mental condition linked to heredity. Any “eccentric” or “abnormal” behaviour or personality in the patient or their family was considered by asylum physicians to be evidence of a predisposition to mental disorder. Within the population of female asylum patients, racialized women were the most likely to be labeled as having “defective heredity.” Widespread racial discrimination in the province, combined with the fact that eugenic discourse targeted non-white citizens as being biologically and culturally inferior, shaped and influenced the asylum physicians’ classification and diagnoses of mental illness among racialized women. The experiences of these women during their incarceration were also shaped by racialized discourse and their behaviour was negatively stereotyped by asylum staff. / Graduate / 2018-08-17

The thesis deals with intelligence, as a socio-cultural concept that has its own history and development. It thus deconstructs the naturalized notions of a biological "essence" of intelligence, which has not been proved to this day. The scientific and philosophical modes of thinking, that participated in both "inventing" intelligence and its forming, are introduced. The analysis of the primary sources enables to compass the reflection of these dominant scientific approaches towards intelligence in the Czech expert discourses. The thesis also reflects on the important role intelligence has in the assessment of mental norm and disability, and it thus analyses the perception of disability during the defined historical period, including the discourse analysis of the different representations of disability. Key words Intelligence, disability, craniometry, eugenics, pedagogy, medicine, biopower.

While many modernist authors exhibited eugenicist tendencies which I While many modernist authors exhibited eugenicist tendencies which I will detail in this paper, Joyce wrote, implicitly and explicitly, against it. Joyce’s anti-eugenics aesthetic, expressed almost in passing by Stephen Dedalus in A Portrait of the Artist As a Young Man (1916), becomes entangled in questions of bodies and national identity in Ulysses. I intend to identify a series of moments in which disgust and bodily difference in Ulysses counter the eugenics trends in elitist modernism while simultaneously criticizing racism in Irish nationalism that, in some ways, drove the movement for Irish independence. It would be impossible to provide and exhaustive exploration of all the anti-eugenics imagery in Ulysses. this project attempts to differentiate Joyce more thoroughly from his contemporaries through readings of Gerty MacDowell and Molly Bloom. Gerty is the disabled granddaughter of a racist nationalist, and she functions as an articulation of Joyce’s search for an Ireland that rejects simplistic, narrow-minded nationalism. Molly, Ulysses’ ultimate heroine, takes ownership of her sexuality, thereby countering the eugenics project. I read both women as counter-eugenics icons who personify an anti-hegemonic ideal through their relationships with their own bodies.

The thesis "American Eugenics and Its Impact on Nazi Germany" is a study about influence of the American eugenics movement on the racial policies of Nazi Germany. The origin of the eugenics movement is in the early 20th century. At that time, the movement also began to cooperate at the international level. After World War II, the German eugenicists were excluded from international co-operation for a while. During this period, German eugenicists began to cooperate with the American movement. German eugenicists and Adolf Hitler with other future leaders of Nazi Germany adored American immigration laws that limited immigration of "defective" ethnic groups to the United States. American eugenics movement became also a model for its research and eugenics sterilization laws in the majority of American states. This study describes the extent of this cooperation. American eugenics movement was also related to euthenics and birth control movement. The study also focused on this connection and explains why the birth control movement was not connected with the eugenics movement in the Weimar Republic, then Nazi Germany, although, the movement cooperated with eugenicists at the international level. The study covers the time from the beginning of the 20th century to the end of the Second World War.

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