This diploma thesis deals with the issue of taxation of trucks at EU and individual member states level. It identifies the basic environmental aspects that are taken into account in the taxation and charging systems of trucks with the help of ana-lyzes. Based on correlation and regression analysis the effects of taxation systems are identified environmental aspects which are pollutants contained in emissions - carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. Regarding to the results of the analysis is suggested an optimal solution for taxation of trucks in the EU taking into account environmental impacts.

Hutař, S. Impact of the adoption of Euro on direct investments of CEE countries. Diploma thesis. Brno: Mendel University, 2019. The diploma thesis deals with the impacts of the adoption of Euro on direct investments of CEE countries. Impacts of the adoption of Euro on individual countries are identified using multivariate regression models. Panel data analysis is used to detect the impact of Euro adoption on direct investment in all selected countries. The results point to a statistically significant impact of Euro adoption on foreign direct investment inflows both for individual countries and for the general panel model as well. The conclusion of this theses is that an important factor is the period when countries decided to adopt the Euro.

The aim of the diploma thesis is an analysis of development in selected states of the Euro-Mediterranean partnership in political, economic and standard of living area. In theoretical part the thesis deals with a description of a mutual relationship between the European Union and states of Mediterranean in the time frame from 1995 to 2015 and the analytical part examines the development of the states towards the goals of the Partnership, which includes the establishment of a common area of peace, stability and shared prosperity. Comparison with the development of member states of the European Union in selected areas is also incorporated.

This master's thesis analyzes the impact of euro implementation on corporation finance of a particular company. Czech Republic's accesion to the monetary union will entail positive and negative changes that will affect all entities in the economy. In this thesis, these impacts are analyzed and their expected net effect on the company is determined. The conclusion is focused on the evaluation of the impact of the single currency on the company, identification of the main risks associated with the necessary transformations and suggestion of the recommendations that will help the company to a successful transition to the euro.

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Detta examensarbete har genomförts på begäran av byggnadstekniska byrån i Uppsala. Företaget behöver en ny beräkningsmall med vindlastberäkning för väggar och olika taktyper enligt Eurokod. I dagsläget använder företaget en beräkningsmall som är baserad på gamla normer enligt BKR. Dessa normer kan dock inte användas längre enligt nya bestämmelser inom branschen. Enligt de nya bestämmelserna bör dessa vindlastberäkningar genomföras med hänsyn till Eurokod i framtiden. För att kunna beräkna vindlasten enligt Eurokod och effektivisera beräkningsgången har man utvecklat en beräkningsmall baserad på Eurokod. Alla nödvändiga parameterar enligt standarder har använts i beräkningsmallen och användaren tillåts genomföra en snabb och enkel inmatning av projektmått för att på ett automatiserat sätt genomföra belastningsanalysen. Detta program har skrivits och utvecklats i beräkningsprogrammet, Excel. / This bachelor thesis has been carried out at the request of an engineering company located in Uppsala. The company is aiming for a new computation template developed for wind load computations for walls and different ceiling types according to Euro-codes. In the current situation, the company uses a computation template that is based on old standards namely, BKR. These standards are not allowed to be used anymore due to new regulations within this market. Within the computational framework of the new regulations, these wind load computations have to be performed based on the methods presented in the Euro-codes in future. In order to compute the wind load according to Euro-code, an automated program has been developed for computational purpose according to the methods based on Euro-code. All the necessary parameters according to the standards have been inserted as input data in the program. The program has been developed with the purpose to be very user friendly for faster load analysis. The user is allowed to input project metrics to perform a quick load analysis in an automated manner. This program has been written and developed in the computational software, Excel.

Since 2015, road traffic safety is included in the United Nations Agenda for Sustainable Development, meaning that methods for promoting road traffic safety are needed in order to reach the goals set for sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to examine the current situation and the potential of vehicle-related policy as a tool for promoting road traffic safety. The current situation has been examined through interviews and a quantitative content analysis of regulations in Swedish organisations’ policies. The potential for increasing road traffic safety by setting stricter regulations has been estimated with vehicle statistics and literature on relative risk reduction. Results from the quantitative content analysis and the interviews show that road traffic safety regulations are currently not prioritised in the same way as environmental regulations are. Furthermore, the results show that an increased inclusion of safety regulations in policies would lead to positive effects for both the organisations’ employees as well as other road users. This is because cars with certain safety systems and safety classifications have a reduced traffic accident risk. If organisations would demand that their cars, to a greater extent, is classified with the highest grade according to Euro NCAP (New Car Assessment Programme), it would mean that the general level of safety is increased in newly acquired cars. In order to reach these effects, organisations need to work in a more structured way in how they formulate and follow up on their policies. By presenting a safety footprint, similar to the climate footprint that today functions as an indicator for organisations’ environmental responsibility, road traffic safety can be included as an integral part of how organisations work with sustainability and eventually increase the status of road traffic safety in relation to environmental sustainability issues. / Trafiksäkerhet är sedan 2015 inkluderat i FN:s hållbarhetsagenda, vilket innebär att metoder för att främja trafiksäkerheten är en viktig del av hållbarhetsarbetet. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka nuläget och potentialen för fordonsrelaterade styrdokument som verktyg för att främja trafiksäkerhet. Nuläget har undersökts genom samtalsintervjuer samt en kvantitativ innehållsanalys av kravställning i svenska organisationers styrdokument. Den potential för ökad trafiksäkerhet som finns i att ställa högre krav har uppskattats med hjälp av fordonsstatistik och litteratur om relativ riskreducering. Resultaten från den kvantitativa innehållsanalysen och intervjuerna visar på att krav avseende trafiksäkerhet i nuläget är bortprioriterade i styrdokument, till förmån för miljömässiga krav. Vidare så visar resultaten att en ökad inkludering av säkerhetskrav i styrdokument skulle leda till positiva effekter för såväl organisationens anställda som andra vägtrafikanter, då personbilar med vissa säkerhetssystem och säkerhetsklassningar reducerar risken för trafikolyckor. Om organisationer i större utsträckning ställer krav på att personbilar ska ha högsta säkerhetsklassning i Euro NCAP leder detta till att säkerhetsnivån höjs i nytillskottet av personbilar. För att kunna uppnå dessa effekter behöver organisationer arbeta mer strukturerat med utformning och uppföljning av sina styrdokument. Genom att redovisa ett säkerhetsavtryck likt det klimatavtryck som idag är en indikator för organisationers miljömässiga ansvar kan trafiksäkerhet lyftas fram som en del av organisationers hållbarhetsarbete och på sikt öka trafiksäkerhetens status gentemot miljömässiga hållbarhetsfrågor.

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2023 har en debatt om att införa euron åter kommit upp till ytan i Sverige. Men hur argumenterar egentligen enskilda politiker för euron? Skiljer det sig när de argumenterar internt i sitt parti gentemot hur de argumenterar till väljarna? Argumenterar enskilda politiker på ett förenklat vis när de talar till väljarna? Om så är fallet riskerar väljarna att inte få en fullständig bild av frågan. Genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys som kompletteras med en enklare kvantitativ analys kommer dessa frågor att undersökas utifrån en omarbetad variant av Sjöblom och Hadenius arenamodell. Resultatet visar att det inte finns tydliga skillnader mellan hur politiker argumenterar på interna arenan respektive väljararenan. Däremot finns det tecken på att det finns andra orsaker till att politiker förenklar sin argumentation. Det tycks vara så att politiker målgruppsanpassar sin argumentation, men att det inte sker helt utifrån vilken arena de befinner sig på. En del argumentationer tycks även ske på flera arenor samtidigt. Arenamodellen verkar inte på ett godtagbart vis kunna förklara när enskilda politiker väljer att förenkla sina argument kontra när de väljer att argumentera komplext och nyanserat.

This study assesses the quality of national budget institutions and legislative budgetary power in the Euro Area (EA) and examines their implications on fiscal discipline. Following the sovereign debt crises, common EA requirements have been introduced for national budget institutions, most notably for fiscal rules and independent fiscal councils. Meanwhile, the legislature has a key role to ensure that budgetary decisions are democratically legitimate, but strong legislative budgetary power is generally associated with less fiscal restraint. Two comprehensive composite indices are produced, based on recent data which captures reforms implemented after the Crisis. The findings show that overall, budget institutions in the EA are of medium quality, whilst legislative budgetary power is weak. Notwithstanding the thrust for a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach, the specific characteristics of budget institutions differ considerably among the EA countries. Furthermore, results from a two-way fixed effects panel model for 2006-2015 show a positive relationship between the quality of budget institutions and the budget balance, but, in contrast to previous studies, the effect is rather weak. Being supra-nationally mandated, recent reforms to budget institutions in EA member states may suffer from a lack of ownership, thus impinging on their effectiveness to instil fiscal discipline. A qualitative case study on Malta provides further insight into the limitations of centrally-mandated institutional reforms. Finally, the findings suggest that stronger legislative budgetary power does not necessarily jeopardise fiscal discipline, if this involves a broad role of the legislature in the budgetary process, beyond amendment powers.