This project submits a proposal for manufacturing technology of casement and frame window hardware base, made of 11343.23 steel 2,5 mm in thickness and with 15000 pieces annual production volume. The components form an integral part of a window hardware arrest mechanism. From potential variants of manufacturing, the technology of stamping and bending, with the use of a combined tool, was chosen. A bibliographic search examining these technologies was made and the machine LE 250 with nominal forming force 2 500kN was selected. The project comprises structural and technological calculations, including the combined tool design. In the economical part of the project, the product prices were quoted and the break-even point was determined. The break-even point is broken as soon as 13 046 pieces are manufactured.

In managed forests, the enormous complexity of an ecologic system meets a vast range of economic and other impact factors. Thus, to determine, analyze and understand economically optimal stand management is a task which has kept forest economists occupied for the past 200 years. The approach which has been followed since the days of Martin FAUSTMANN is the analysis of models which describe rather specific management scenarios using a set of clearly defined model assumptions. Unfortunately, the applicability of the findings to more general scenarios is limited. On the other side, the possibility of analyzing general management environments with single models is also limited by increasing complexity. Thus, a holistic understanding of optimal forest management is still missing. This statement also holds for the extensive field of optimal even-aged timber production, which essentially consists of only three main components, i.e., planting, thinning and final harvest. Therefore, this dissertation aims to make a contribution to further increase the general understanding of even-aged forest management. To achieve this goal three steps were taken. First, a qualitative analysis of a combined management plan including decisions on all three basic components is presented based on HALBRITTER and DEEGEN (2015). It provides a discussion of the direct and indirect dependencies between the decision variables of a rotation in a rather classical management environment. Second, three studies are presented which dissolve some of the classical model assumptions and extend the existing knowledge on even-aged forestry to relevant but more complex mangement questions. HALBRITTER (2015) includes natural regeneration and a shelter period in an even-aged system and explores the borders between the even- and uneven-aged management. Thereby, the influence of natural regeneration and the impact of several age classes were studied. HALBRITTER (2020) drops the assumption of stand homogeneity and investigates stand management under heterogeneous tree growth in which, for example, different social classes of trees are maintained. Lastly, HALBRITTER et al. (2020) extend the classical deterministic management environment in the direction of density-dependent hazard risk. This adds an additional aspect to the thinning and the rotation decision because, in this scenario, the probability of stand destruction can be controlled by thinning. As a third step, the studies above were embedded in a patchwork representing a conglomeration of models which are connected and validated by overlapping scopes. Using this approach, a wide range of different management scenarios can be covered by rather simple models. Thus, the complexity of the analysis decreases compared to single models with a more generally applicable framework and the problem of model complexity is mitigated. In addition, the inclusion of reference models with a particular focus on the management components stand establishment, thinning or rotation allows for a clear identification of the relationship between optimal stand management and the characteristics of a scenario. Applied to the qualitative analysis of the four studies above, the approach yields insights which contribute to a better understanding of even-aged forest management.:1. Introduction 2. The FAUSTMANN Framework 2.1 Model Definition 2.2 The FAUSTMANN Model 2.3 Assumptions 2.4 Basic Applications 2.4.1 The Rotation Model 2.4.2 The Thinning Model 2.4.3 The Planting Model 2.4.4 The Uneven-aged Model 3. Problem 4. Methodology 5. The Combined Model 5.1 Model 5.2 Optimal Management 5.3 Impact of Timber Price and Interest Rate 5.4 Discussion in Comparison to the Basic FAUSTMANN Applications 6. Extensions 6.1 Uneven-Aged Extension: The Double-Cohort Model 6.1.1 Even-Aged and Uneven-Aged Stands 6.1.2 Model 6.1.3 Optimal Management 6.1.4 Impact of Timber Price and Interest Rate 6.1.5 Discussion in Comparison to the Basic FAUSTMANN Applications 6.2 Heterogeneous Extension: The Heterogeneous Stand Model 6.2.1 Homogeneous and Heterogenous Stands 6.2.2 Model 6.2.3 Optimal Management 6.2.4 Impact of Timber Price and Interest Rate 6.2.5 Discussion in Comparison to the Basic FAUSTMANN Applications 6.3 Stochastic Extension: The Natural Risk Model 6.3.1 Deterministic and Stochastic Scenarios 6.3.2 Model 6.3.3 Optimal Management 6.3.4 Impact of Timber Price and Interest Rate 6.3.5 Discussion in Comparison to the Basic FAUSTMANN Applications 7. Conclusions 7.1 Optimal Management Strategy 7.1.1 Optimal Planting 7.1.2 Optimal Thinning 7.1.3 Optimal Rotation 7.2 The Patchwork Approach 7.2.1 Applicability of the Patchwork Approach 7.2.2 Limitations of the Patchwork Approach 7.2.3 Comparison to the Holistic Approach 8. Summary

Cryptography is the study of encryptying and decrypting messages and deciphering encrypted messages when the code is unknown. We consider Λπ(Δx, Δy) which is a count of how many ways a permutation satisfies a certain property. According to Hawkes and O'Connor, the distribution of Λπ(Δx, Δy) tends to a Poisson distribution with parameter ½ as m → ∞ for all Δx,Δy ∈ (Z/qZ)m - 0. We give a proof of this theorem using the Stein-Chen method: As qm approaches infinity, the distribution of Λπ(Δx, Δy) is approximately Poisson with parameter ½. Error bounds for this approximation are provided.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether The Large Glass was a negation of women for Marcel Duchamp. The thesis is composed of five chapters. Chapter I is the introduction to the thesis. CHapter II includes a synopsis of the major interpretations of The Large Glass. Duchamp's statements in regard to The Large Glass are also included in Chapter II. Chapter III explains how The Large Glass works through the use of Duchamp's notes. Chapter IV investigates Duchamp's negation of women statement in several ways. His personal relationships with relatives including his wives and other women, and his early paintings of women were examined. His idea of indifference was seen within the context of the Dandy and his alter ego, Rrose Selavy as a Femme Fatale. His machine paintings are also seen as a part of his idea of detachment and negation of women. Detachment as an intellectual pursuit was probed with his life-long interest in chess. The Large Glass was then seen as not only showing inconographically a negation of women but also as being an intrinsic component of his life and his work.

Экономически целесообразный масштаб предприятия является одним из условий достижения максимальных финансовых результатов. Методический подход к обоснованию экономически целесообразного масштаба предприятия может применяться для корректировки производственной и инвестиционной стратегии предприятия. Целью магистерской диссертации является совершенствование инструментария обоснования экономически целесообразного масштаба предприятия. В работе исследованы подходы к изучению масштаба предприятия, проанализирована взаимосвязь показателей масштабов и финансовых результатов металлургических предприятий, разработан методический подход к определению экономически целесообразного масштаба предприятия. В качестве источников использовалась научно-исследовательская и методическая литература, нормативно-правовые акты и финансовая отчетность организаций в открытом доступе. В магистерской диссертации был предложен методический подход к обоснованию экономически целесообразного масштаба предприятия, базирующегося на уточненном составе факторов, определяющих сближение кривых выручки и затрат на производство и реализацию продукции при росте масштаба предприятия и методике оценки положения предприятия по отношению к максимально возможной прибыли. / Economically feasible scale of the enterprise is one of the conditions for achieving maximum financial results. A methodical approach to substantiating the economically feasible scale of the enterprise can be used to adjust the production and investment strategy of the enterprise. The purpose of the master's thesis is to improve the tools for justifying the economically feasible scale of the enterprise. The paper investigates approaches to the study of the scale of the enterprise, analyzes the relationship between the indicators of the scale and financial results of metallurgical enterprises, and develops a methodical approach to determining the economically feasible scale of the enterprise. Research and methodical literature, regulatory legal acts, data from the Federal State Statistics Service and financial statements of organizations in the public domain were used as sources. In the master's thesis, a methodical approach was proposed to substantiate the economically feasible scale of the enterprise, based on a refined composition of factors determining the convergence of revenue curves and production and sales costs with the growth of the enterprise scale and the methods for assessing the position of the enterprise in relation to the maximum possible profit.

Bakgrund: Coronapandemin präglade under lång tid människors vardag såväl som de finansiella marknaderna. Den kraftiga nedgången i februari - mars år 2020 och den rekordsnabba återhämtningen påverkade privatinvesterare. Dessa investerare stod inför tuffa beslut, och präglades av stress och oro. Under volatila tider sker inte alltid rationella beslut, och denna typ av beslutsmiljö kan påverka investerare att vara mer mottagliga av psykologiska bias. För att undvika att gå i samma fällor, är det av intresse att kartlägga börspsykologiska faktorers påverkan på privatinvesterares agerande och vilken effekt det har på deras diversifiering i aktieportföljen. Eventuella skillnader i agerande under börsnedgångarna visar även om investerarna själva lärde sig någonting från den första börsnedgången och ändrade sitt beteende till den andra börsnedgången. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att kartlägga privatinvesterares agerande på aktiemarknaden under Coronapandemin. Detta för att kunna uttala sig om, privatinvesterares beteende under börsnedgången i februari - mars 2020, samt den andra börsnedgången i oktober samma år. Genom att undersöka två tidsperioder går det att observera skillnader i beteende. Metod: Studien använde sig av en enkätstudie med tvärsnittsdesign för att på generell nivå ha möjlighet till att uttala sig om privatinvesterares agerande under börsnedgångarna. Slutsats: Studien har visat att samtliga undersökta börspsykologiska bias har påverkat privatinvesterare under båda börsnedgångarna men det finns dock skillnader mellan perioderna. Om respondenterna själva får beskriva deras agerande har många angett att de har agerat rationellt under krisen, något som tidigare forskning också konstaterat. Diversifieringen har ökat i aktieportföljen efter börsnedgångarna, jämfört med hur det såg ut vid slutet av 2019. Det är dock inte säkerställt att detta är en effekt av nedgångarna. Slutligen finns det även skillnader i börspsykologiska faktorer och diversifiering mellan demografiska faktorer och erfarenhet från tidigare kriser. / Background: The Corona pandemic has affected people’s everyday life as well as the financial markets. The big decline in the stock market that happened in February-March 2020 and the record fast recovery impacted private investors in a big way. Investors had difficult decisions to make during times of stress and worry, which does not always lead to optimal decisions. The investors could be more affected by biases during times of crisis. To avoid walking into the same traps again it is of investor’s interest to map psychological biases and how they affect the diversification in their stock portfolios. Eventual differences in behavior between the stock market decline in February-Mars and the one in October could be spotted by comparing the two periods. This would show if the respondents themselves learned from the first stock market decline to the second one, hence changing their behavior. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to map private investors’ behavior in the stock market during the Corona pandemic. This will make it possible to discuss private investors’ behavior during the stock market declines in February-March 2020 as well as the one in October the same year. This will make it possible to see differences in behavior. Method: The study used a survey study with cross-sectional design to be able to discuss private investors’ behavior at a general level. Conclusion: The study has shown that all studied psychological biases to affect private investors during the stock market declines, showing there are differences between these periods. If the respondents describe their own actions, then many of say themselves that they acted rational during the crisis, something that previous studies have shown. The diversification has also increased after the stock market declines compared to how it was at the end of 2019, but it is not certain that it is an effect of the stock market declines. There are also differences between demographic factors and experience from previous crises with regards to psychological biases and diversification.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:40:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rubens Cusnir.pdf: 979028 bytes, checksum: 7e9e285f3952b163371bfc28325df8ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-21 / The present study aimed to suggest the use of different methods that can help decision makers to evaluate financial investment to be made in the setting up of a particular business venture. The business involves the acquisition, deployment and operation of a health service franchise that is presented to the consumer market in the form of a fitness center oriented and specialized in elderly people. The circumstances offered as investment alternatives in the economic environment that presents real interest rates much lower than those offered to investors in the early 2000s are taken into account, in parallel with the strengthening of the franchises as a thriving productive investment option, with strong growth seen in the last 10 years. The formal and commercial peculiarities of the relationship between franchisees and franchisors, with the possible difficulties and perceived conflicts in the management of these interests are also studied. Medical health market services and the recent awareness for the need for physical activities in all ages are described in addition to the prospect of increased longevity and quality of life in the elderly due to adoption of physical activities. For investment evaluation purposes, methods of Break-Even point, Payback, Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return are applied, calculated and discussed from a practical case, with real and contemporary data. The study is based on the outcome of these calculations and on their real utility. Suggestions and topics to be addressed in further studies are also provided / O objetivo deste trabalho é sugerir a utilização de diferentes métodos que possam auxiliar um tomador de decisão na avaliação de um investimento financeiro a ser feito na constituição de um empreendimento comercial. O referido empreendimento é composto pela aquisição, implantação e operação de uma franquia de serviços em saúde que se apresenta ao mercado consumidor na forma de uma academia de ginástica voltada e especializada no atendimento do público da terceira idade. São levadas em consideração as circunstâncias atuais oferecidas como alternativas de investimento, num cenário econômico que apresenta taxas de juros reais muito inferiores àquelas oferecidas aos investidores no início dos anos 2.000, em paralelo ao fortalecimento das franquias como uma pujante opção de investimento produtivo, com forte crescimento evidenciado nos últimos 10 anos. Também são estudadas as peculiaridades da relação entre franqueados e franqueadores, do ponto de vista formal e comercial, junto às possíveis dificuldades e conflitos percebidos na gestão desta conjunção de interesses. São descritos o mercado de prestação de serviços em saúde e a recente conscientização a respeito da necessidade de atividades físicas para todas as idades, além da perspectiva do aumento da longevidade e da qualidade de vida dos idosos com a adoção destas práticas esportivas em seu cotidiano. Para efeito de avaliação de investimentos, são descritos os métodos de Ponto de Equilíbrio, Payback, Valor Presente Líquido e Taxa Interna de Retorno, aplicados, calculados e comentados a partir de um caso prático, com dados reais e contemporâneos. O estudo é concluído com base no resultado destes cálculos e a análise da conveniência de suas utilizações, junto a sugestões de aprofundamento dos temas a serem abordados em novos estudos

<div> <div> <div> <p>Speech quality is a demand in voice commanded systems and in telephony. The voice communication system in real time often suffers from audible echoes. In order to cancel echoes, an acoustic echo cancellation system is designed and applied to increase speech quality both subjectively and objectively. </p> <p>In this research we develop various nonlinear adaptive filters wielding the new channel sparsity-aware recursive least squares (RLS) algorithms using a sequential update. The developed nonlinear adaptive filters using the sparse sequential RLS (S-SEQ-RLS) algorithm apply a discard function to disregard the coefficients which are not significant or close to zero in the weight vector for each channel in order to reduce the computational load and improve the algorithm convergence rate. The channel sparsity-aware algorithm is first derived for nonlinear system modeling or system identification, and then modified for application of echo cancellation. Simulation results demonstrate that by selecting a proper threshold value in the discard function, the proposed nonlinear adaptive filters using the RLS (S-SEQ-RLS) algorithm can achieve the similar performance as the nonlinear filters using the sequential RLS (SEQ-RLS) algorithm in which the channel weight vectors are sequentially updated. Furthermore, the proposed channel sparsity-aware RLS algorithms require a lower computational load in comparison with the non-sequential and non-sparsity algorithms. The computational load for the sparse algorithms can further be reduced by using data-selective strategies. </p> </div> </div> </div>

Pelningumo siekimas yra pagrindinis verslo įmonės tikslas, dažnai lemiantis vadovų pasirinkimą sprendžiant problemas susijusias su pardavimo kainomis, įvairiomis išlaidomis. Pelno-išlaidų-veiklos apimties vertinimas teikia apibendrinantį planavimo proceso vaizdą ir išlaidų kitimo supratimą, todėl gauta informacija yra nepakeičiama, siekiant užtikrinti racionalų įmonės valdymą. Šio darbo tikslas – išanalizavus pelno-išlaidų-veiklos apimties metodologiją, atlikti įmonės pelno-išlaidų-veiklos apimties vertinimą ir sudaryti modelį, leidžiantį efektyviai planuoti ir analizuoti įmonės kaštų, veiklos apimties ir pelno ryšį. Taigi, šio darbo objektas-įmonės pelningumas, jo priklausomybė nuo įmonės pajamų, kaštų ir veiklos apimties. Siekiant įgyvendinti darbo tikslą, keliami tokie uždaviniai: išanalizuoti pelno-išlaidų-veiklos apimties vertinimo metodologiją, suformuoti prielaidas pelno-išlaidų-veiklos apimties vertinimo modeliavimui, atlikti įmonės pelno-išlaidų-veiklos apimties vertinimą, bei sudaryti pelno-išlaidų-veiklos apimties vertinimo modelį. Darbą sudaro trys pagrindinės dalys: metodologinė, analitinė ir rezultatų. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje nagrinėjami pelno-išlaidų-veiklos apimties vertinimo metodologijos aspektai-pateikiamos analizės prielaidos, vertinimo reikšmė ir galimybės. Antrasis darbo skyrius apima prielaidų pelno-išlaidų-veiklos apimties vertinimo modeliavimui analizę: tiriami ir lyginami pelno-išlaidų-veiklos apimties vertinimo modeliavimo metodai, bei pateikiama... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The main purpose of business enterprise is striving for profitability and this purpose usually decides the head‘s of enterprise choice when he tackles the problems about prices of sales and different expenses. Cost-volume-profit evaluation gives resumptive view about planning process and understanding of costs range so given information is irreplaceable because of trying to ensure rational management. The purpose of this work is to do cost-volume-profit evaluation and make a model according the analysis of cost-volume-profit methodology. This model will let to plan and analyse enterprise‘s cost, activity‘s size and profit‘s relation in effective way. So the object of this work is the profitability of an enterprise, its dependence from enterprises revenue, cost and activity‘s volume. In purpose to realize work‘s aim there are these objectives: to analyse cost-volume-profit evaluation methodology, to structure presumptions for cost-volume-profit evaluation modeling, to do enterprises cost-volume-profit evaluation and to make cost-volume-profit evaluation model. Three main parts makes this work: methodological, analytical, results. In the first part of this work there is an analyses of cost-volume-profit evaluation methodology‘s aspects, there are analysis presumptions, evaluations mean and possibilities. The second part includes presumptions analysis to cost-volume-profit evaluation modeling: here are researched and compared cost-volume-profit evaluation modeling methods and is... [to full text]

Submitted by Eric Hatisuka (ehatisuka@gmail.com) on 2012-02-28T04:00:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Eric_Hatisuka_Ancoragem_Inflação_Brasil.pdf: 1237456 bytes, checksum: 8642698ba4ed573bef1ab007842028b7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel (gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2012-02-28T18:21:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Eric_Hatisuka_Ancoragem_Inflação_Brasil.pdf: 1237456 bytes, checksum: 8642698ba4ed573bef1ab007842028b7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-02-28T18:37:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eric_Hatisuka_Ancoragem_Inflação_Brasil.pdf: 1237456 bytes, checksum: 8642698ba4ed573bef1ab007842028b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-30 / O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a ancoragem das expectativas de inflação de longo prazo no Brasil, medidas por intermédio das taxas de inflação implícitas nos títulos indexados ao IPCA. Para isso, são extraídas as curvas de juros reais e nominais dos preços do mercado secundário de títulos públicos, e uma vez de posse destes valores, são calculadas as taxas de inflação implícitas observadas diariamente no mercado brasileiro. Utilizando um modelo simples, estimado por Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários (MQO) robusto, testa-se a sensibilidade de alguns vértices das taxas de inflação implícita em relação às variações mensais de indicadores macroeconômicos relevantes para a trajetória de curto prazo da inflação e política monetária. Desta maneira, pretende-se avaliar se o comportamento da inflação implícita nos preços de mercado dos títulos públicos pode oferecer evidências de que as expectativas estão bem ancoradas no Brasil, no âmbito do regime de metas de inflação. / This work aims to investigate the anchoring of the long term inflation expectations in Brazil, as measured by the break even inflation rates in the IPCA-indexed bonds. On that matter, the nominal and real daily yield curves are calculated from the prices observed in the market, and then, used to generate the break even inflation rate yield curve. Using a simple model, estimated by robust OLS, some vertices of the inflation compensation are tested over the monthly releases of economic data, important to the short term course of inflation and monetary policy. Thus, it is intended to assess whether the behavior of the long term inflation compensation provides evidence that the inflation expectations are well anchored in Brasil, under the inflation targeting regime.