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Inertial measurement units (IMUs) and wearable sensors have enabled athlete monitoring and research to become more ecologically valid due to their small size and low cost. IMUs and accelerometers that are placed on the body close to the point of impact and that record at sufficiently high frequencies have demonstrated the highest validity when measuring temporal gait event moments such as ground contact time (GCT) and flight time (FT) as well as peak forces (PF) during upright running. While the use of IMUs has increased in the sport performance and athlete monitoring realm, the potential of the technology’s ability to estimate running force-time curves utilizing the two-mass model (TMM) remains unexplored. The purpose of this study was two-fold. First, was to determine the validity of measuring temporal gait events and peak forces utilizing a commercially available shank-mounted inertial measurement unit. Second, was to determine the validity of force-time curves generated from the TMM utilizing data from shank-mounted inertial measurement units. Ten subjects voluntarily completed submaximal treadmill tests equipped with a force plate while wearing shank-mounted IMUs on each leg. Using the raw data from the IMUs, GCT, FT, total step time (ST), PF, and two-mass model-based force-time (F-t) curves were generated for 25 steps at 8 different speeds. Paired sample T-tests were performed on the gait events and peak force between the IMU and treadmill with both individual step comparison and averages per each speed. 95% confidence intervals were calculated for each timepoint of the force time curves. No statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) and nearly perfect relationships were observed for the step averages for each speed with FT, ST, and PF. Confidence intervals of the corrected mean difference suggest that F-t curves calculated from the TMM may not be valid when assessing the running population as a whole. When performing a sub-group analysis of skilled runners and recreational runners, F-t curves derived from shank-mounted IMUs may be more valid in skilled runners than recreational runners. In skilled runners, the 95% CI for the mean difference contained zero within the first 60% of the GCT duration, whereas the 95% CI recreational runners contained a zero-value in a smaller percentage of the GCT located only in the middle of the GCT at the curve peak height. The results of this study suggest that interchangeability between shank-mounted IMUs and force plates may be very limited when estimating temporal gait events and kinetics. While agreement was low between F-t curves after the peak in skilled runners, use of shank-mounted IMUs to estimate F-t curves may have several benefits still in skilled runners when assessing peak forces and force development from initial contact until peak force.

Introduction: Research show that patients frequently display abnormal vital signs as much as 48h before a serious adverse event occur, such as cardiac arrest or unplanned intensive care unit admission. Therefore, early recognition of these changes trough vital sign examination is essential in the prevention of deterioration. However, deterioration is often missed.Aim: The aim was to investigate to what extent nurses in the general ward are documenting vital signs prior to patient deterioration. Methods: A systematic literature review was done usingthe databases PubMed and CINAHL. Inclusion criteria: general ward and publication 2010-2020, exclusion criteria:emergency department, acute admission ward, paediatric ward, psychiatric ward, interventions and continuousmonitoring. Critical appraisalusingtools from Joanna Briggs Institute. PRISMA statement for reporting of systematic reviews.Results: Nine studies were included. It was seen that the fraction of cases who had vital signs documented prior to deterioration was diverse, although never complete. Some studies showed an acceptable fraction of patients who weremonitoredin the hours prior to deterioration, but it was seen that the monitoring did not always escalate as the patient got worse. The vital signs most frequently documentedwereheart rate and pulse, thoughstill missing in a large fraction of charts. Respiratory rate was documented less than the other vital signs.Conclusions: This study suggests that documentation of vital signs prior to deterioration is diverse but often incomplete. Further research is needed to understand what can be done to improve vital sign documentation on general wards.

Discovering the crucial factors that contribute to goal success in sports analytics, this thesis aimsto utilize Random Forest classification to predict the outcome of shots and pre-shot events in powerplay situations. Through three experiments, the study evaluated the use of shots, shots with pre-shotevents, and shots with pre-shot events over sections. The first experiment used only shots, while thesecond experiment focused on shots with pre-shot events, where both compared it with shots over anexpected goal value of 0.08 or higher. The third experiment examined shots with pre-shot events acrossdifferent sections. Our findings demonstrated that the models in our experiments achieved accuracyscores ranging from 78% to 96% and F1 scores between 0% and 24%. Notably, the models in experiment3 demonstrated lower recall scores. The feature importance analysis revealed that pre-shotevents played a significant role in the predictive models of the second and third experiments, indicatingtheir substantial impact on the outcomes. A noteworthy conclusion arising from the discussion isthe recommendation for future research to conduct a more comprehensive exploration into the impactof pre-shot events, given their demonstrated significance in predicting goals. Such an investigation isdeemed necessary and justified.

Merger &Acquisition is a way to allocate resources in the capital market, and also a way for enterprises to expand scale. Since the real estate industry has a prominent position in the national economy, and M&A events in the real estate industry are also increasing year by year, it is worth studying whether M&A can improve the performance of M&A enterprises. From the perspective of horizontal M&A of real estate enterprises, this paper studies whether the short-term and long-term performance of listed real estate enterprises can be improved under horizontal M&A. First, this paper studies the background of M&A, the performance of M&A and the motivation of M&A relate to the theory and analyzes development of the real estate industry in recent years. After that, this paper begins to conduct an empirical study on the short-term performance and the long-term performance of horizontal M&A of listed real estate enterprises. This paper selects the horizontal M&A of real estate enterprises occurred in 2016 as the research samples. The short-term research calculates the CAR of each day of the event window by using the method of event studying, and compares its change. The long-term research uses the method of factors studying to calculate the comprehensive performance score of each year before and after M&A. The research result of this paper shows that although horizontal M&A of real estate companies brings positive cumulative abnormal return in the short term, the CAR is very small. In the long term, the comprehensive performance scores of horizontal M&A of real estate companies decline and then rise slowly before and after M&A. Besides, in this paper, starting from the features of the real estate industry, I analysis the driving factors of M&A of the real estate and build the M &A performance evaluation system of real estate enterprises. Using the case method, with the help of the M&A performance evaluation system, this paper analyzed the performance of Chinese real estate enterprises-Vanke after M&A from short-term and long-term performance, finding out the factors to drive the improvement of performance of vanke through M&A. According to the analysis of the case, a series of suggestions are proposed from internal and external to improve performance of real estate enterprise after M&A of our country.Finally, this paper puts forward some suggestions to the participants of M&A. For example, listed real estate enterprises should pay attention to the cost of M&A and resource integration; Government departments should pay attention to marketization; Intermediary agent should be diligent and responsible. / Business Administration/Finance

Anestesisjuksköterskan hamnar i sitt yrkesutövande i många svåra situationer och utsätts ibland för kritiska händelser. Ofta är tid till reflektion och återhämtning knapphändig och stress kan uppstå. Vid brist på stöd kan omvårdnaden påverkas negativt. Få studier finns som belyser just denna yrkeskategori och dess behov. Syftet med studien var att undersöka anestesisjuksköterskors uppfattning om debriefing efter händelser som upplevs som kritiska. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats där sju intervjuer genomfördes med anestesisjuksköterskor, på tre operationsavdelningar i Skåne. Intervjuer analyserades utifrån Elo och Kyngäs induktiva innehållsanalys, och resultaten presenterades i fem huvudkategorier: betydelse av debriefing, behov av debriefing, alternativ till debriefing, organisationens betydelse samt debriefingens utformning. Resultaten visade att betydelsen och behovet av debriefing är stort då många situationer då debriefing behövs kan uppstå. Det är viktigt att debriefingen är rätt strukturerad och att arbetsledningen ger det stöd som krävs. Även negativa aspekter av debriefing belystes och vissa fall så kan alternativa stödsystem vara tillräckligt. I diskussionen integrerades resultaten med Antonovskys känsla av sammanhang (KASAM). Fler studier på just denna yrkesgrupps uppfattningar och upplevelser behövs för att belysa fler aspekter i ämnet, men även för att undersöka förekomst och grad av behov på fler operationsavdelningar på fler sjukhus. Även alternativa stödformer är av intresse att belysa. / Working as a nurse anaesthetist could mean getting involved in many difficult and critical events. There´s usually not much time to reflect and recuperate and sometimes stress could be experienced. A potential lack of support could have a negative impact on the caregiving. There are few studies about the nurse anaesthetist´s requirements regarding this topic. The purpose of the study was to explore nurse anaesthetist´s perceptions of debriefing after the events that are perceived as critical. The study had a qualitative approach where seven interviews with nurse anaesthetist´s were carried out in the setting of three surgical wards in Skåne. The interviews were analyzed following the inductive content analysis of Elo and Kyngäs, leading to five main categories: The importance of debriefing, the need of debriefing, alternative to debriefing, the importance of the organization, and the structure of the debriefing. The result showed a great importance and need of debriefing since many situations where debriefing is needed could arise. The structure of the debriefing is important, as well as the support of the staff management. Some negative aspects of debriefing emerged and sometimes alternative support systems could be sufficient. During the discussion the theory of Antonovsky´s Sense of coherence (SOC) was integrated. There´s a further need to explore more aspects of this precise group of nurses and their perceptions and experiences and also to examine the prevalence and degree of need of debriefing at other surgical wards and hospitals. It would also be of interest to illuminate alternative support systems.

Although live stream music events have been gaining popularity in recent years, there has not been much research on the impact the interactions unfolding during the event have on the user experience of the audience. This thesis focuses on the effects that a particular performer-initiated and audience-controlled interactivity, such as being able to vote for the next song, has during the music event. The user study followed an experimental between-subjects design to estimate the consequences of this interaction using a mobile prototype with two different conditions that differ in the level of interactivity available, from voting to excluding the vote. Data collection consisted of semi-structured interviews and demographic and UEQ questionnaires. The findings showed that the inclusion of interactivity had a positive influence on the audience experience. Furthermore, the interactive experience obtained noticeable better results in the UEQ analysis and was perceived significantly more motivating and engaging than the less interactive stream. Insights from the interviews corroborated these results, with most participants expressing interest in the experience and willingness to repeat in the future. / Trots att livestreamade musikevenemang har ökat i popularitet de senaste åren har det inte gjorts mycket forskning angående vilken inverkan interaktioner som utvecklas under evenemanget har på publikens användarupplevelse. Denna avhandling fokuserar på effekterna som en viss artistinitierad och publikstyrd interaktivitet, som att kunna rösta fram nästa låt, har under musikevenemanget. Användarstudien följde en experimentell mellangruppsdesign för att undersöka konsekvenserna av denna interaktion med hjälp av en prototyp för mobiltelefon med två olika varianter som skiljer sig åt i tillgänglig interaktivitetsnivå, från omröstning till att omröstning utesluts. Datainsamlingen bestod av halvstrukturerade intervjuer och demografiska och UEQ-frågeformulär. Resultaten visade att inkluderingen av interaktivitet hade en positiv inverkan på publikens upplevelse. Dessutom fick den interaktiva upplevelsen märkbart bättre resultat i UEQ-analysen och upplevdes betydligt mer motiverande och engagerande än det mindre interaktiva eventet. Insikter från intervjuerna bekräftade dessa resultat. De flesta deltagare uttryckte ett intresse för upplevelsen och en vilja att upprepa det i framtiden.

There is a debate within the field of policy studies whether disasters are drivers of policy reforms, as encapsulated by the disaster-reform hypothesis. Since the disaster rate for extreme weather events are increasing in frequency and severity due to climate change, it is of high relevance to study if these disasters have any effect on climate polices. The aim of this thesis is therefore to empirically explore if there are any discernible global trends of disasters preceding a subsequent increase in Climate resilient development (CRD) policies and to show the variation of “effect lag” between income groups and regions. The research design operationalises the most severe disasters through “milestone events” and creates a CRD index by the arithmetical mean of sustainable development, climate adaptation, and climate mitigation. The results show a proportional share of countries experienced an effect lag of 1-3 years after their milestone events, while a large incidence of HIC and LMIC countries had a lag of 4-6 years. This explorative thesis has provided a research design and results on CRD, previously undescribed, that suggests several pathways for future studies such as interesting samples for case studies and alternative designs to the operationalisation of concepts.

As place branding becomes more significant to a city, events have become a way to attract visitors nationally and internationally. Large cities are putting on events that can attract millions of people. While the literature has excellent knowledge on events in place branding, the small city is neglected. Events that utilize nature are one of the main ways cities arrangeevents. Nature has endless potential and can provide fantastic opportunities for a city. Research is needed into small cities and how to use natural events in place branding to compete with large cities. This study aims to demonstrate and analyze outdoor/nature events' role in place branding. The study also aims to research this in the context of a small city, as the literature has a heavy bias towards large cities in place branding and even more so with events in place branding. The method used in this paper is a qualitative case study methodology since we wanted to investigate Destination Jönköping’s work with place branding thoroughly. Furthermore,direct observations and document analysis were made to build the analysis. The results of our study show that Destination Jönköping extensively uses Nature events in place branding in order to deal with a lack of resources as a small city. While nature events are used by all cities in place branding efforts, small cities have a more significant benefit as they have difficulty competing with large cities in large-scale indoor and city events.

The Agile method has since it got published, of many been regarded as the universal solution to increased flexibility in software development. Scrum is, without a doubt, the most widely used Agile method among software development teams. Nonetheless, there are many challenges with the Scrum method, and therefore, success factors need to be identified to make up for its weaknesses. Lack of enthusiasm or events being time-consuming is some of the challenges the team faces with the framework, which can result in its members only using Scrum partially. For that reason, the main objective of this thesis is to identify which parts of Scrum are most commonly skipped by the members of an Agile development team for software, and why. In the initial study, a content analysis was conducted to examine how people in forums and on social media express themselves regarding Scrum, to identify the most common objections to the framework. The conclusion of the work was that the sprint review was identified as the most common event to skip, and the number one reason for skipping an event was that it felt unnecessary. Sprint planning was the step seen as giving the most negative consequences when skipped, and some of the risks of skipping a step were that it could give less oversight, a low feedback cycle, and a lack of communication, and collaboration. A positive outcome of skipping an event was that it allowed for more time to work, to get an uninterrupted flow and less overhead. To get an even better insight into the Scrum team’s daily work, the future study would be to perform a case study for an in-depth, detailed examination of the challenges with Scrum.