This thesis examines the first seventeen years of the history of the Museum of Modern Art Oxford (MOMA), from its founding in 1965 until c. 1982. It is concerned with the changing relationships between the museum and its audience, focusing on those aspects of the museum's programming that shed light on its role as a public mediator of recent art. This provides a means to consider the underlying values and commitments that informed MOMA's emergence as a leading contemporary art institution. Chapter one examines the museum's relationship to utopian countercultures through the metaphor of the museum as 'garden'; chapter two considers the erstwhile 'permanent' collection and its connection to corporate patronage; chapter three investigates the parallel forces of institutional critique and institutionalization; and chapter four addresses didactic strains in the museum's representation of an emergent multiculturalism. Although dedicated to the history of a single regional gallery, the thematic structure of the thesis provides entry points into historical and theoretical issues of broader relevance. It is based on primary research in the previously neglected archive of what is now known as Modern Art Oxford, supplemented by interviews with artists and former staff members, and by close attention to British art periodicals and exhibition catalogues of the period. It is also informed by critical writings on museums and displays, and by artistic, social and museological histories, allowing the museum's activities to be situated within the cultural politics of these turbulent decades. The thesis suggests that institutional identity - as exemplified by the history of MOMA from 1965-1982 - is porous and discontinuous: the development of the museum over this period is animated by multiple and often contradictory ideals, continuously shaped by pragmatic considerations, and subject to a rich variety of subjective responses.

Réfléchir sur le terme espace signifie, d’abord, être conscient des multiples usages sémantiques et des diversités linguistiques dont il est porteur. Son rapport avec les concepts d’œuvre et d’exposition a été modifié au fur et à mesure des changements statutaires respectifs. En ce sens, cette thèse vise à interroger le statut de l’espace d’exposition face aux propositions artistiques contemporaines. Elle se développe autour des concepts d’espace et de lieu de monstration dans leur relation avec les notions principales d’architecture muséale, d’œuvre et d’exposition, à partir des années 1960 et jusqu’à nos jours. Grâce à une étude évolutive et multidisciplinaire, et sans oublier la généalogie des concepts principaux, cette thèse se nourrit de cas concrets et contemporains pour offrir un panorama des espaces d’exposition, singuliers et alternatifs. Il s’agit d’un travail d’analyse qui a décomposé, étudié et restructuré la notion d’espace d’exposition à partir de ses paramètres fondamentaux et de périodes spécifiques ; cela a permis d’insister sur la présence d’un processus évolutif en chaine (sorte de syllogisme) où, d’abord, l’œuvre se fait exposition, ensuite, l’espace se fait œuvre et, enfin, l’espace se fait exposition. Ainsi, derrière un espace façonnable qui évolue par rapport à l’art qu’il accueille, apparait aussi un espace multifonctionnel (un « hyperespace ») qui réclame un art spécifique et de nouvelles exigences expographiques. / First, reflect on the space term means be aware of its multiple semantic uses and of its linguistic diversity. His relationship with the concept of artwork and of exhibition has changed in relation to the respective statutory changes. In this sense, this thesis aims to examine the status of the exhibition space in relation to contemporary artistic proposals. In particular, this thesis is developed around the concepts of Space and Place of the exhibition, in their relationship with the main notions of museum architecture, artwork and exhibition, since 1960 until today. With an evolutionary and multidisciplinary study, and not forgetting the genealogy of main concepts, this thesis is also enriched with concrete and contemporary cases offering a particular view on the exhibition spaces, unique and alternative. It is an analysis that tried to decompose, to study and restructure the concept of exhibition space, from its basic parameters, and in relation to specific historical periods. This allowed to insist on the presence of an evolutionary process (type of syllogism), for which, in the first place, the artwork becomes an exhibition, secondly, the space becomes an artwork and, finally, the space becomes an exhibition. Thus, behind a modular space that evolves in relation to the artwork that contains, it appears also a multifunctional space (a "hyperspace") that claims a specific art and new display requirements.

Cette recherche propose d’analyser l’exposition Pittura francese d’oggi inaugurée à la galleria nazionale d’Arte moderna de Rome le 12 octobre 1946. Cette exposition, organisée par les services de l’A.F.A.A (association française d’action artistique) et de la D.G.R.C. (direction générale des relations culturelles) du ministère des Affaires étrangères présente au public italien pour la première fois depuis la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale, des œuvres de jeunes peintres français contemporains.Les documents d’archive ont permis de déterminer que l’exposition italienne est en fait une version corrigée et modifiée d’une précédente exposition qui s’est tenue à Berne en mars 1946 et intitulée « Ecole de Paris ». Après de nombreuses négociations avec l’ambassade d’Autriche, au lieu de se rendre à Vienne, l’exposition est finalement présentée à Prague l’été 1946.Son transfert en Italie a été possible grâce à un climat culturel favorable envers la France qui incitera les organisateurs à la transférer dans six villes italiennes : Venise, où elle est présentée en avant-première, Rome où elle est inaugurée officiellement, puis Naples, Florence, Milan et Turin où elle ferme définitivement en janvier 1947.La seconde partie de cette thèse propose la reconstruction du catalogue et la reproduction de la centaine d’ œuvres présente à cette exposition. / This thesis aims to analyze the exhibition " Pittura francese d’oggi " opened at the " Modern Art Gallery " in Rome October 12, 1946. This exhibition, organized by the services of the ' " AFAA " and " D.G.R.C. " the French Ministry of Public Affairs , submits to the Italian public, for the first time after the end of the World War, works of contemporary young French painters. Archival documents have identified that the Italian exhibition is actually a revised and corrected version of a previous exhibition held in Bern in March 1946, entitled " Ecole de Paris " . After numerous negotiations with the Embassy of Austria, instead of moving to Vienna , the exhibition was presented in Prague last summer 1946. Its transfer to Italy, due to a favorable cultural climate with France , urged the organizers to show it in six Italian cities. First of all, as a preview, in Venice ; in Rome where he officially opened , and then Naples Florence, Milan and Turin, where finally closed in January 1947.the second part of the thesis consists in the reconstruction of the catalog, with the reproduction of the works in this exhibition.

Notre étude sur L’Élaboration d’une culture artistique régionale […] se propose d’explorer le fait artistique en Dauphiné au cours de la première moitié du XIXe siècle. Portée par la dynamique du questionnement sur l’identité culturelle régionale, notre recherche a pour but de combler un manque mais également de répondre à une attente de connaissance sur cette période pourtant délaissée à l’échelle locale mais qui fut généreuse en échanges et en expérimentations. Il s’agit d’expliciter la corrélation entre les composantes artistiques, institutionnelles et sociales du milieu culturel dauphinois afin d’apprécier leurs rôles et leur importance. Pour ce faire, notre champ d’étude a été circonscrit à la peinture, la sculpture et au dessin, en raison de leur présence majoritaire dans les Salons. Par ailleurs, il faut préciser que le territoire du Dauphiné, depuis 1790, regroupe les départements de l’Isère, de la Drôme et des Hautes-Alpes. Toutefois, le principal département analysé dans notre enquête demeure l’Isère et plus particulièrement la ville de Grenoble qui concentre l’activité artistique régionale. Aussi, comment la vie artistique locale s'est-elle structurée à partir d'institutions? Quelle a été l'importance des actions individuelles engagées pour son développement ? L’étude de la genèse et des fondements des institutions grenobloises où se révèlent l’existence d’une classe de dessin, d’un musée, d’un Salon et d’une Société des Amis des Arts, montre d’une part les différents investissements collectifs et individuels. L’exploration du patrimoine local, de même que l’intérêt des Grenoblois pour l’art et les activités culturelles vérifient le fait que Grenoble et ses habitants se souciaient du développement des beaux-arts. D’autre part, l’examen du parcours des artistes régionaux, comme la venue de peintres et dessinateurs étrangers en Dauphiné ou encore la destination des œuvres, croisent naturellement les questions de la formation, des déplacements, de la circulation des hommes et des œuvres ainsi que des relations artistiques entre les différents territoires. En outre, ces sujets conduisent progressivement à déplacer l’interrogation sur d’autres échelles nationale et transnationale. Au niveau national, Paris concentre toutes les attentions en raison de la formation qu’elle offre aux artistes provinciaux mais également pour l’émulation culturelle qui la caractérise. Au niveau transnational, l’Italie, par sa proximité géographique avec le Dauphiné et par sa forte présence dans l’imaginaire artistique, attire la venue de nombreux artistes dauphinois. Il est indéniable que les interactions entre les artistes et la confrontation de cultures différentes ont contribué à l’essor artistique dauphinois. Mais tandis que les artistes régionaux explorent d’autres lieux, un mouvement inverse se repère, le Dauphiné ne cesse de recevoir la visite d’« étrangers ». Leurs apports est une question fondamentale que nous avons renseignée puisqu’ils ont été parfois à l’origine de changements esthétiques dans la production dauphinoise. De même, l’étude de la géographie des lieux de conservation des œuvres dauphinoises permet d’apprécier l’étendue de leur réception hors du Dauphiné et également d’identifier les thèmes alors particulièrement recherchés. Enfin, notre recherche met en évidence l’essor et la diversité de la production artistique dauphinoise afin de resituer les artistes locaux dans une sphère plus large de connaissances et de sensibilité contemporaines. Du « grand » genre aux « petits » genres, elle apprécie la création régionale, explique en quoi elle se caractérise et comment elle suit les fluctuations de la production nationale. Il fallait donc indéniablement interroger le premier XIXe siècle pour comprendre l’élaboration d’une culture artistique régionale en Dauphiné et ainsi mieux appréhender l’origine du succès des peintres locaux après 1850 et plus généralement l’essor des beaux-arts en Dauphiné au XIXe siècle. / Our study into The emergence of a regional artistic culture […] proposes exploring artistic output in Dauphiné in the first half of the 19th century. Inspired by the increasing trend seen over recent years towards examining regional cultural identity, the purpose of our research is to fill a void but also to meet a wider demand for knowledge about this period, one overlooked at a local level but which was nevertheless very rich in dialogue and experimentation. We seek to explain the correlation between the artistic, institutional and social components of the cultural environment in Dauphiné, to assess their roles and importance. To do so, our field of study has been limited to painting, sculpture and drawing due to their prominent position in the exhibitions. Moreover, we should specify that since 1790 the Dauphiné area has included the departments of Isère, Drôme and Hautes-Alpes. However, the main department analysed in our investigation is Isère and more particularly the town of Grenoble, where much of the region's artistic activity is concentrated.Thus, how was regional artistic life structured through the institutions and what has been the importance of the individual actions with regard to its development? A study of the founding and role of the institutions in Grenoble, where we find the existence of a drawing class, a museum, an exhibition and a ‘Friends of the Arts’ society, firstly shows the different collective and individual efforts being made. An exploration of the local heritage in addition to the interest shown by Grenoble’s inhabitants in art and cultural activities confirm that Grenoble and its residents took an interest in the development and dissemination of the fine arts.Secondly, an examination of the careers of regional artists and the arrival in Dauphiné of painters and illustrators from outside the area or the eventual destination of the works, naturally generate questions concerning training, travel, the circulation of people, of works, and the artistic relationships existing between the various regions. Additionally, these subjects gradually lead us to consider such matters at national and transnational level. At a national level, Paris takes centre stage due to the training it provides for artists from the French regions but also for the cultural emulation effect characterising it. At a transnational level, Italy has attracted many artists from Dauphiné, thanks to its geographical proximity to Dauphiné and its high "top of mind" status in the artistic imagination. It cannot be denied that the interactions between artists and the clash of different cultures contributed to the rise of the artistic scene in Dauphiné. But just as the region's artists were exploring other areas, movement was also occurring in the other direction, with Dauphiné constantly being visited by "outsiders". Their contribution is a fundamental issue which we have examined as they have sometimes been the source of aesthetic changes in Dauphiné's artistic output. Similarly, an examination of the geography of the sites at which Dauphiné's artistic works are stored enables us to appreciate the extent of their "reach" outside Dauphiné and also to identify which themes were particularly sought-after.Finally, our research highlights the growth and diversity of Dauphiné's artistic production to position local artists in a wider sphere of contemporary sensitivity and ability. From the "major" genre to the "minor" genres, it assesses regional creative output, explaining what characterises it and how it follows national fluctuations in output.It was therefore necessary without a doubt to examine the first half of the 19th century to understand how a regional artistic culture emerged in Dauphiné and to better understand the sources of the success of local painters after 1850 and more generally the growth of the fine arts in Dauphiné in the 19th century.

A presente Dissertação buscou compreender, a partir de uma pesquisa de campo, como as crianças se expressam em visitas em espaços expositivos de arte. Convidar as crianças a falar sobre esses encontros provocam reflexões acerca das propostas de pesquisa com elas, como também das referências que temos sobre os estudos da relação delas sobre a arte. Analiso as experiências das crianças a partir daquilo que elas falam, agem, sentem e silenciam diante das exposições, buscando estas referencias para estabelecer relações sobre o conhecimento dos modos de ser das crianças e dos modos como elas experimentam a arte. Para a organização desta pesquisa, busco referências dos estudos da Sociologia da Infância, que além de propor estudos no campo da infância, configuram pensar as crianças como sujeitos ativos, produtores de cultura e pertencentes a um grupo geracional específico. Juntamente com esta referência, tomo as reflexões de Larrosa sobre o conceito criança para pensar as relações que elas estabeleceram com os espaços expositivos. A pesquisa foi realizada com quatorze crianças de uma escola de educação infantil de Porto Alegre, com idade entre três e quatro anos, no período entre junho e dezembro de 2012. Ao longo de três semanas foram propostos encontros com as crianças na escola com caráter de observação participante. Posteriormente, visitamos três espaços expositivos da cidade e depois nos encontramos na escola para conversar sobre as visitas. Nesse sentido, foi necessária a organização de uma metodologia e uma “postura metodológica” que pudesse tornar preponderante a participação das crianças com foco na problemática da pesquisa. O diário de campo, os registros fotográficos e os vídeos foram algumas das ferramentas metodológicas utilizadas. Nestes encontros em espaços expositivos foram observadas diferentes manifestações das crianças sobre as obras de arte, a interação com os mediadores e o posicionamento delas referente aos espaços culturais visitados. Tais manifestações das crianças nos permite pensar que elas têm um modo particular de viver experiências com a arte que não compreende somente o olhar, mas também o corpo e os sentimentos. A partir destas formas de experimentar as exposições de arte, as crianças nos apontam algumas referências para que possamos pensar sobre as propostas educativas dos espaços expositivos. / This paper has tried to understand from a field research how children express themselves when they are visiting art exhibitions. It has sought to understand how they participate, understand, live with recount their feelings concerning spaces, works of art, and mediators. As a research teacher I have dealt with situations with children and art encouraging me to think about how they could have an experience with art exhibitions, and what we could learn from the children. Encouraging children to talk about these meetings leads to reflections both about proposals of research with them and references we have concerning their relation with art. I analyse here their experiences they have talked about, acted on, felt about, and their silence towards exhibitions, looking after these references to establish relations about knowing their way of being and how they have experienced art. To organise this research I have drawn on studies of sociology of childhood, which suggest studies in the field of childhood and suggest thinking of children as active subjects, culture makers and belonging to a particular generational cohort. Apart from this reference, I have drawn to Larrosa’s reflections about the concept of experience to think of children’s relationships with exhibition spaces. I made the research with 14 three-to-four year-old children in a nursery in Porto Alegre from June to December 2012. In three weeks meetings with children in the school were proposed in a participant observation style. Later we have visited three exhibitions in the town and we met at the school to talk about these visits. Then it was necessary to set a methodology and ‘methodological stance’ able to direct children’s participation to the research question. The key issue is about how children express themselves during visits to art exhibitions. The answer to this questioning gathers together descriptions of experiences children lived and the analysis of these contexts. The field diary, photographic images and videos were some of the methodological instruments used. In meetings in these exhibitions we have observed children’s different manifestations towards works of art, their interaction with mediators and their position towards the cultural spaces visited. These manifestations encourage us to think they have a particular way of living experiences with art including not only watching, but also the body and feelings. From these ways of experiencing art exhibitions, children have indicated some references for us to think about educational proposals for exhibition spaces.

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-05-14T12:19:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Neide Cortizo Andion Bellintani p2.pdf: 1840181 bytes, checksum: f4264ca2c72c223aef2bd351cd09ee26 (MD5) Neide Cortizo Andion Bellintani p1.pdf: 456844 bytes, checksum: f9cf97a669af08f22b572e3ecb2d0288 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alda Lima da Silva(sivalda@ufba.br) on 2013-05-16T17:46:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Neide Cortizo Andion Bellintani p2.pdf: 1840181 bytes, checksum: f4264ca2c72c223aef2bd351cd09ee26 (MD5) Neide Cortizo Andion Bellintani p1.pdf: 456844 bytes, checksum: f9cf97a669af08f22b572e3ecb2d0288 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-16T17:46:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Neide Cortizo Andion Bellintani p2.pdf: 1840181 bytes, checksum: f4264ca2c72c223aef2bd351cd09ee26 (MD5) Neide Cortizo Andion Bellintani p1.pdf: 456844 bytes, checksum: f9cf97a669af08f22b572e3ecb2d0288 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Esta pesquisa trata de duas diferentes expressões da Arte, a poética e a plástica. Tem como referência principal a obra Arte em Exposição de Carlos Drummond de Andrade, a qual é constituída de poemas criados pelo autor a partir da observação de reproduções de trabalhos plásticos. Objetiva-se realizar um diálogo entre poemas desta obra com outros do autor, com a sua fortuna crítica e com trabalhos que refletem sobre Poesia e Artes Plásticas. São analisados seis pares de poesias/obras plásticas que fazem parte de Arte em Exposição, buscando situar os poemas em relação a outros da obra de Carlos Drummond de Andrade e comparando as imagens plásticas com os versos que elas motivaram. Cada análise é precedida do poema e da reprodução da obra plástica que o inspirou e encerra-se com algumas informações sobre estas obras e seus autores. Busca-se, através destes instrumentos, delinear uma visão que contemple, as duas expressões – a plástica e a poética, considerando as diferenças entre ambas, mas reconhecendo, nas duas manifestações, importantes contatos. A conjugação das duas expressões artísticas em Arte em Exposição propõe ao observador uma leitura diversa. A mobilidade do olhar (que passeia de uma forma de expressão para a outra) pode torná-lo mais abrangente e as duas imagens, uma vez confrontadas, parecem acrescidas de novos conteúdos. Acredita-se que o exercício de compará-las permite à nossa percepção leituras mais variadas. / Salvador

Com o advento dos movimentos modernistas e pós-modernistas, o mercado da arte sofreu modificações bastante particulares que se refletem nas relações entre vários agentes do campo. Hoje, a lógica de funcionamento do sistema de artes associa o mundo da arte contemporânea ao do espetáculo e do entretenimento. Existem complexas redes de relações entre o sistema das artes com o sistema econômico, político e cultural, e as exposições configuram-se como uma interface entre o setor de produção cultural erudita e o público. Dentre essas relações, interessa a este trabalho aquela referente às instituições artístico-culturais e seus visitantes. Nesse contexto, a Gestão do Design se destaca por ser um campo de conhecimento que abrange muitos pontos de contato entre um agente e o outro. Possui potencial para ser aplicada também em instituições artístico-culturais uma vez que é um meio para gerenciar o design tanto no planejamento como na elaboração e disseminação de projetos, traduzindo os objetivos estratégicos da organização em produtos/serviços. O escopo deste trabalho consiste na investigação de como instituições artísticas de Porto Alegre gerenciam o design. Para tanto, foi realizada uma fundamentação teórica sobre assuntos relacionados ao tema, como Gestão do Design, design de exposição e arte enquanto mercado. Também foram realizados dois estudos de caso sobre o uso da Gestão do Design no MAC-RS e na FIC para tentar compreender as possíveis semelhanças e diferenças de abordagem nos setores público e privado dessas instituições. / The advent of modernist and postmodernist movements, the art market was subjected to modifications which are reflecedt in the relationship between various actors of the field. Today, the operating logic of the Art system associates the world of contemporary art to that of spectacle and entertainment. There are complex networks of relationships between the Art system and the economic, political and cultural systems; exhibitions appear as an interface between the scholarly cultural production sector and the public . Among these relations, interests to this project those referring to artistic and cultural institutions and their visitors. In this context, Design Management stands out as a field of knowledge that covers many common points between one agent and the other. It has the potential to be applied also in artistic and cultural institutions since it is a way to manage design both in planning and in developing and disseminating projects, converting the organization's strategic goals in products / services. The scope of this study is to investigate how artistic institutions of Porto Alegre manage design. To achieve this goal, a theoretical foundation was held on issues related to the topic, as Design Management, Exhibition Design and art as a market. There were also conducted two case studies on the use of Design Management in MAC-RS and FIC to try to understand the possible similarities and differences in the approach to public and private sectors of these institutions.

A tese concentra-se em estudos expositivos, especificamente em proposições curatoriais e artísticas que questionam o topos expositivo contemporâneo. O recorte temporal dessa pesquisa concentra-se em exposições vivenciadas no período 2012-2016, em contextos geográficos distintos: Porto Alegre, Curitiba, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Berlim, Veneza e Londres. A metodologia de pesquisa constrói-se a partir da experiência em exposições visitadas, configurando estudos de caso da tese. Quais são os limites das canonizações ocidentais que reforçam tendências particulares e inscrevem ortodoxias em estudos expositivos? Entre “lá fora” e “aqui dentro”, se lá está a dicotomia, aqui está o hibridismo como matriz experimental das produções expositivas nacionais. Nesse contexto aqui e agora, desenvolve-se o conceito de ‘contraexposição’, que redefine o lugar expositivo através da experimentação direta na investigação, produção, apresentação e documentação de proposições curatoriais e artísticas em sua dimensão pública. Considera-se, ainda, o âmbito das megaexposições, especificamente bienais, debatendo a suposta crise do modelo através do mapeamento dos padrões recorrentes como possível estratégia de reinvenção do formato hegemônico internacional. (Continuação ) Nessa tese, entre exposições, megaexposições, contraexposições, são verificadas tentativas de engatar o sujeito para um primeiro plano das experiências expositivas, fazendo com que o questionamento direcione-se aos endereçamentos expositivos e à produção de associações obra-públicoS. Em tese: seja em instituições culturais – topos expositivo reconhecido como lugar da arte – ou no topos expositivo outro – qualquer lugar –, a exposição contemporânea está em incessante redefinição. / Situated within the realm of exhibition studies, this thesis focuses specifically on those curatorial and artistic proposals which question the topos of contemporary art exhibitions. The research was carried out between 2012 and 2016, visiting exhibitions in different geographical locations: Porto Alegre, Curitiba, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Berlin, Venice and London. The research methodology was built on the experience at these exhibitions, through which the thesis’ case studies have been configured. What are the limits of the Western canons, which reinforce particular trends and generate orthodoxies within exhibition studies? Between the ‘out there’ and the ‘in here’, whether there resides the dichotomy, here lies hybridity, as an experimental matrix for the making of exhibitions in Brazil. It is in this context, here-and-now, that the thesis develops the concept of “counter-exhibition”, redefining the exhibition space through direct experimentation in the investigation, production, presentation and documentation of curatorial and artistic proposals in their public dimension. The thesis also takes into account the context of mega-exhibitions, and specifically biennials, discussing the supposed crisis of the model by mapping its recurring patterns, as a possible strategy to challenge the hegemony of the current international format, and reinvent it. Among exhibitions, mega-exhibitions and counter-exhibitions, the thesis explores attempts to bring the subject of the exhibition experience to the fore, in this way directing the debate towards what or on who the exhibitions are addressing, exhibition approaches, as well as on the associations between artworks and publics that they (seek to) produce. In essence: either within cultural institutions – the exhibition topos recognised as the place of art –, or other exhibition topos – that is, anywhere –, contemporary exhibitions are being constantly redefined.

A presente Dissertação buscou compreender, a partir de uma pesquisa de campo, como as crianças se expressam em visitas em espaços expositivos de arte. Convidar as crianças a falar sobre esses encontros provocam reflexões acerca das propostas de pesquisa com elas, como também das referências que temos sobre os estudos da relação delas sobre a arte. Analiso as experiências das crianças a partir daquilo que elas falam, agem, sentem e silenciam diante das exposições, buscando estas referencias para estabelecer relações sobre o conhecimento dos modos de ser das crianças e dos modos como elas experimentam a arte. Para a organização desta pesquisa, busco referências dos estudos da Sociologia da Infância, que além de propor estudos no campo da infância, configuram pensar as crianças como sujeitos ativos, produtores de cultura e pertencentes a um grupo geracional específico. Juntamente com esta referência, tomo as reflexões de Larrosa sobre o conceito criança para pensar as relações que elas estabeleceram com os espaços expositivos. A pesquisa foi realizada com quatorze crianças de uma escola de educação infantil de Porto Alegre, com idade entre três e quatro anos, no período entre junho e dezembro de 2012. Ao longo de três semanas foram propostos encontros com as crianças na escola com caráter de observação participante. Posteriormente, visitamos três espaços expositivos da cidade e depois nos encontramos na escola para conversar sobre as visitas. Nesse sentido, foi necessária a organização de uma metodologia e uma “postura metodológica” que pudesse tornar preponderante a participação das crianças com foco na problemática da pesquisa. O diário de campo, os registros fotográficos e os vídeos foram algumas das ferramentas metodológicas utilizadas. Nestes encontros em espaços expositivos foram observadas diferentes manifestações das crianças sobre as obras de arte, a interação com os mediadores e o posicionamento delas referente aos espaços culturais visitados. Tais manifestações das crianças nos permite pensar que elas têm um modo particular de viver experiências com a arte que não compreende somente o olhar, mas também o corpo e os sentimentos. A partir destas formas de experimentar as exposições de arte, as crianças nos apontam algumas referências para que possamos pensar sobre as propostas educativas dos espaços expositivos. / This paper has tried to understand from a field research how children express themselves when they are visiting art exhibitions. It has sought to understand how they participate, understand, live with recount their feelings concerning spaces, works of art, and mediators. As a research teacher I have dealt with situations with children and art encouraging me to think about how they could have an experience with art exhibitions, and what we could learn from the children. Encouraging children to talk about these meetings leads to reflections both about proposals of research with them and references we have concerning their relation with art. I analyse here their experiences they have talked about, acted on, felt about, and their silence towards exhibitions, looking after these references to establish relations about knowing their way of being and how they have experienced art. To organise this research I have drawn on studies of sociology of childhood, which suggest studies in the field of childhood and suggest thinking of children as active subjects, culture makers and belonging to a particular generational cohort. Apart from this reference, I have drawn to Larrosa’s reflections about the concept of experience to think of children’s relationships with exhibition spaces. I made the research with 14 three-to-four year-old children in a nursery in Porto Alegre from June to December 2012. In three weeks meetings with children in the school were proposed in a participant observation style. Later we have visited three exhibitions in the town and we met at the school to talk about these visits. Then it was necessary to set a methodology and ‘methodological stance’ able to direct children’s participation to the research question. The key issue is about how children express themselves during visits to art exhibitions. The answer to this questioning gathers together descriptions of experiences children lived and the analysis of these contexts. The field diary, photographic images and videos were some of the methodological instruments used. In meetings in these exhibitions we have observed children’s different manifestations towards works of art, their interaction with mediators and their position towards the cultural spaces visited. These manifestations encourage us to think they have a particular way of living experiences with art including not only watching, but also the body and feelings. From these ways of experiencing art exhibitions, children have indicated some references for us to think about educational proposals for exhibition spaces.

The diploma thesis is focused on avian domestication and represents a complete summary of existing studies and knowledge on this topic. Domestication is a long-term process which occurs for thousands of years but its consequences are often overlooked. Without any doubts the impact of domestication on the animals is significant and there are several hypothesis presented in the related studies. Considerable part of the studies have shown the ultimate and proximate control, which is responsible for influence of the biology of the Zebra Finch (Teaniopygia guttata). Usually, the comparison of data, which was collected under the same conditions for the wild and exhibition type, was the weak spot of these studies. Theoretical part gathers some of the most important theories related to this issue. Some of them have been used in the own experiment, which took place in my private facility. Therefore, the aim of this study is to prove or disprove particular hypothesis based on the breeding of the Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata). The research took two years and according to the data, the type influences biology of these birds. The results shows that the main factor responsible for nest building, egg size, egg weight, chick weight and the fledging period is the type.