In this thesis, I explore the experiences of some 2,000 allied civilians in the Japanese-run Weihsien Internment Camp () in Shandong, China from 1943 to 1945. Beyond serving as a counterpoint to the Japanese internment in North America during the Second World War, the Weihsien Camp also represents a rare point of contact between Western civilians and the Japanese that came about as part of Japan's effort to sweep away any remaining vestiges of Western colonial society in Asia. Government documents, supplemented by both published and unpublished memoirs, letters, and diaries reveal the ways in which the internee community organised camp life under Japanese guard in a manner that defies straightforward categorisation as either "resistance" or "collaboration." Instead, the internees as a community reached an accommodation to the realities of life in a Japanese internment camp that allowed them considerable latitude and agency in their daily life. / History

This study concerns self initiated volunteer expatriation. Drawing on data from interviews and test results from a cohort of 48 New Zealand Volunteer Service Abroad volunteers, it explored their experiences as overseas volunteer development workers. Most literature concerning expatriates focuses on the expatriate assignment of managers. By comparison volunteer development workers remain an under-researched group. Moreover, much of the expatriate management literature and the volunteer development worker literature adopts a positivist approach using quantitative methodologies and large scale studies and consider expatriates from a managerial perspective, leaving the perspective of the individual relatively unexplored. This study seeks to focus on volunteer development workers, using qualitative as well as quantitative methodology and considering individual rather than organisational attitudes and behaviour. As a theoretical backdrop, the concepts of "protean" career, (Hall, 2002), "hero's journey", (Osland, 1995) and "career competencies" (De Fillippi & Arthur, 1996) were used as frameworks to assist understanding. The study was longitudinal, and focused on a one-year cohort (2001) of volunteers who provided information on three occasions - before, during, and immediately after their assignment. The study used a mixed- methodology design i.e. was both quantitative and qualitative using both in depth interviews and psychometric testing. The study suggests alternative ways of exploring volunteer expatriation with a specific focus on repositioning the individual at the centre of the study. The study began by focusing and identifying the personalities, (as indicated by the Five Factor Model NEO- PR questionnaire) career values, (as indicated by the Career Orientation Inventory, previous career, attitudes to career and motivation to volunteer (the last two being assessed by a pre-departure structured interview. The experience of VSA assignments was explored by means of a mid-assignment email questionnaire. A second post assignment interview elicited further data on volunteers' experience of VSA, their evaluation of that experience in retrospect, and their plans for further career development. The NEO and COI were re-administered to check changes over time. The study indicated that self direction, challenge, adventure and personal resilience were dominant themes in the attitudes to career, motivations and experiences of the VSA assignment. Openness and agreeableness, significantly greater than population norms were dominant and stable personality traits. In addition, the study reported volunteers' perceived effects of the VSA experience relating to self and career in the forms of increased technical and personal skills, self awareness and challenges to their values. Such outcomes of the study support the use of the "protean "career model (Hall, 1976; Hall, 2002; Briscoe & Hall, 2003) as a way to understand the career transitions made by the volunteers. It also substantiated Osland's (1990; 1995) notion of the metaphor of the hero's journey as an adventure and framework to understand volunteer expatriation and VSA phenomena. In addition, the outcomes supported a model of understanding career competencies as career "capital" used as a framework to understand volunteer motivation and the VSA assignment experience as a career episode.

Cette thèse en géographie politique et culturelle s’inscrit au sein des approches critiques de mobilités et des migrations et des études sur le genre et les sexualités. Centrée sur les individues, elle vise à éclairer la double face cachée de l’expatriation en s’intéressant au rapport à l’espace de femmes en situation de mobilité internationale, à travers l’analyse de leurs pratiques du quotidien. Elle étudie la façon dont ces pratiques translocales s’agencent, de façon multiscalaire, en un mode de vie dans la mobilité. La dimension du corps, échelle de pratique spatiale et surface d’inscription des normes de sexe et de genre, y est posée de façon centrale, autour de la notion de performance, dans la (re)production d’un espace transnational localisé. Cet angle dévoile l’expatriation comme une pratique de mobilité distinctive, oscillant entre contrainte de genre et émancipation, tout en prenant part à la reproduction et à la diffusion de l’hétéronormativité dans un contexte d’essor de la mondialisation. La méthodologie de la thèse repose sur une enquête ethnographique approfondie mêlant observation participante et entretiens semi-directifs dans un souci constant de réflexivité et en articulation avec une analyse de données statistiques et la présentation d’un large panorama de structures et lieux expatriés en présence. Basée à Luxembourg, capitale en métropolisation émergente, cette thèse se présente comme une étude de cas élargie invitant à prendre en compte les expériences subjectives de la mondialisation. / Positioned in both critical mobility and migration studies, and studies on gender and sexualities, this PhD dissertation in political and cultural geography aims at unveiling the hidden double face of expatriation. For one part, it focuses on women’s daily practices during their international mobility cycle. It thus examines how these translocal practices fit within a multiscale mobility lifestyle. For another part, it places the body as the primary space of the analysis through the concept of performance. It shows of expatriate women play out specific sexual and gender norms and roles that contribute to the (re)production of a localised transnational space. This research seeks to reveal expatriation as a distinctive mobility practice, weaving from gender coercion to emancipation, which contributes to the reproduction and the spread of heteronormativity in a context of growing globalisation. It is settled in Luxembourg, which can be characterised as an emerging metropolitan capital, where the subjective experience of globalisation can be felt. Methodologically speaking, this thesis is based on in-depth reflexive ethnographic researches, combining participant observations and semi-structured interviews, in articulation with a statistical analysis and a large panorama of Luxembourg's expatriate places and institutions.

This thesis deals with the system of human resource management in international companies. The theoretical part is focused on the concept of international human resource management basic methods and trends and techniques of human resource management in international corporations. The practical part is devoted to analyze the current state of human resources management in ADP Employer Services Ceska republika a.s. the daughter company of international organization ADP Inc. Based on my practical research: employees survey and personal interview with the local HR Business Partner Lead I will evaluate the current state of human resource management system in the company and make series of recommendations that will help to improve the system of human resources for ADPs branch in Czech Republic which is the main contribution of this thesis.

The thesis deals with the issue of International Management procedures in multinational corporations regarding sending their employees abroad. Its aim is to describe the process of expatriation, define the importance of culture and the role of the company in the process as well as to analyse the situation of expatriates in the Czech Republic based on a questionnaire research.

Cieľom diplomovej práce je priblížiť Čínsku kultúru a zvyky pre expatriatov alebo čitateľov, ktorí budú v budúcnosti integrovaný do Čínskeho obchodného prostredia, ako aj navrhnúť efektívny koncept prípravy na tamojšie pôsobenie. K dosiahnutiu tohto cieľa použil autor tejto práce kombináciu štúdia relevantných teoretických poznatkov a osobných rozhovorov s vrcholovými manažérmi spoločností, ktoré sa podieľajú na obchodovaní s Čínou alebo inak spolupracujú s Čínskymi výrobnými závodmi.

The researcher of this study " Indian Migrants and Self-Initiated Expatriates in the host Countries: the Focus on Social Support" the whole study about the Indian expatriates who are living in the United Kingdom and the main goal of this research is to predict how successful the Indian expatriates in their settling process in the UK and the focus of social supports. The sample includes both Self-initiated expatriates ( SIE's) and Assigned Expatriates(AE's). SIE's expatriates are Indian students who are studying in the UK and the AE's expatriates are the company assigned Indian full-time employees. Social support includes briefly the overall host country support provided for Indian expatriates in the host country. Social support is measured in three broader dimensions pertinent to Waxin cross-cultural adjustment model (2006), likely perceived organizational support, individual self-motivation, and contextual support, includes family support and host country environment. (Navas et al, 2005) classified six relevant contexts of acculturation of expatriates in a foreign country, which emphasize, politics and government, organizational work-related adjustments, economic perspective, family relations; social relations and ideology, which includes religious belief and customs. The structure of the thesis covers extensive theoretical part based on the intense review of literature in the field of expatriation, cross-cultural studies, information on this context about the United Kingdom and India and final part includes practical data analysis, business cases and recommendation for the future research.

This thesis concerns persons recognised as refugees based on the criteria set by Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Geneva Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (CSR1951) and residing in a Contracting State. It appraises the exclusion of CSR1951 refugees from participation in elections of their countries of asylum pursuant to a citizenship voting qualification, which most countries set. It is emphasised that, since neither the CSR1951 refugees nor their country of asylum know when or indeed whether cessation of CSR1951 refugee status may occur, their exclusion may last for an indeterminate period of time. CSR1951 confers on recognised refugees a host of civil, social and economic rights in their country of asylum; voting rights are absent. Concomitantly, while the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (and regional human rights treaties) pronounce that all persons are entitled to have their rights respected, protected and promoted, Contracting States are permitted to reserve two rights for their (full) members: the right to enter and remain in their country, and the right to vote in its elections. The central claim of this thesis is that recognised CSR1951 refugees are a special category of non-citizen residents, due to their unique political predicament. They are unable to participate in elections of their country of origin, do not enjoy its diplomatic protection and consular assistance abroad, and – most fundamentally – are unable or unwilling, owing to a well-founded fear of persecution, to return to it for an indeterminate (and potentially protracted) period. It is submitted that recognised CSR1951 refugees should be entitled to vote in elections of their countries of asylum, notwithstanding general citizenship qualifications imposed by these countries. At present, treaty law does not require countries of asylum to enfranchise their recognised CSR1951 refugees. Hence, this thesis explores a gap in international refugee law and international human rights law between de lege lata and de lege ferenda; it is an exercise in ‘progressive development of the law’. Its inquiry is located in the international domain, and concerns, in principle, any Contracting State which admits and recognises CSR1951 refugees. References to national or regional practices serve solely an illustrative purpose.

American families moving abroad are often informed of the initial difficulties they will encounter as residents in a new culture; however, they may not recognize the possible subsequent effects on their children, when returning home to their native cultures during the repatriation process. The children who experience the effect of living in a new culture and eventually repatriating are known as Third Culture Kids (TCK). As globalization and expatriate populations increase, it is important that society becomes aware of the Third Culture community. This qualitative research study focused on analyzing the repatriation transition process of four Adult Third Culture Kids (ATCK) and explored the relationship between their emotional intelligence and their third culture and repatriating experiences. This dissertation provides a profile for what type of citizen a TCK may become upon repatriation. Framed within a narrative inquiry approach this study utilized the Listening Guide method of analysis in order to capture the participants’ final narrative portraits. Storied themes emerged from the final narratives providing evidence for this research study’s five main conclusions: (a) home is not defined by one physical location, (b) assimilation and repatriation do not equate, (c) emotional intelligence may be a factor in repatriation success, (d) Third Culture experiences influence civic engagement, and (e) there is one incident that is perceived as signifying the completion of repatriation. These findings offer a new perspective of the repatriating experience and provide insight for families entering the expatriate culture and returning home.

O mundo contemporâneo estrutura sujeitos que se submergem no espaço virtual, intercomunicados e com acesso para viajar a países distantes de modo vertiginoso; porém, os expatriados são uma amostra que, de modo mais abrangente, desenha o perfil subjetivo do sujeito do século XXI. Com base no trabalho psicanalítico feito com famílias de expatriados, a presente pesquisa visa a aprofundar o conceito de interculturalidade. Esses sujeitos contemporâneos se constituem a partir de um emaranhado de culturas que se entrecruzam, deixando marcas variadas que vão se estruturando em uma identidade intercultural. Os vínculos familiares servem de base e apoio, em seus diferentes formatos. Trabalhamos com o expatriado e sua família em encontros terapêuticos em situação vincular, pelos quais a terapeuta faz interpretações e assinalamentos sobre o processo de inserção em culturas estrangeiras. A teoria que ampara o trabalho clínico e teórico é a psicanálise das configurações vinculares. Vários autores são citados para dar luz sobre o mundo atual, partindo da psicanálise e também considerando outras ciências, como a sociologia e a antropologia. Trabalhamos sobre seis casos clínicos de expatriação: cinco famílias com filhos e um casal, para dar sustentação clínica à pesquisa teórica. Apresentam-se diversos modos de estrutura dos vínculos, frente às mudanças geográficas, de espaço, tempo e cultura. Algumas famílias dão sustentação a esses processos, colaborando na conformação da identidade intercultural de seus membros, enquanto outras ficam a meio caminho, nesse processo. Assinalam-se os diferentes níveis de modificação ou impossibilidades de transformação na estrutura familiar inconsciente de cada grupo familiar. Três dimensões da estruturação psíquica são levadas em conta, no presente texto, que incluem a conformação intrapsíquica, a intersubjetiva ou vincular e a transubjetiva ou sociocultural. Estabelece-se um link entre a teoria e a prática clínica, para chegar às conclusões sobre o perfil subjetivo do sujeito contemporâneo. A constituição subjetiva do sujeito contemporâneo pressupõe uma adaptabilidade e maleabilidade na oscilação entre diversos universos, a possibilidade de utilização do novo como forma de modificação interna e o uso dos recursos que assegurem uma certa estabilidade vincular e interna, para construir a identidade intercultural / Contemporary world structures people that tend to submerge in virtual space, are intercommunicated and have the means to travel to distant countries in a vertiginous way. Expatriates are a sample that draw the subjective profile of people of the twenty-first century. Based on psycoanalytical work with families of expatriates, this research aims at deepening the concept of interculturalism. These contemporary people are constituted by a tangle of interwoven cultures which leave psychic traces, that will determine the structure of an intercultural identity. Family ties in its different formats are the basis and support in this process. We interview expatriates families in \"therapeutic encounters in bond situation,\" in which the therapist provides interpretations and indications concerning the insertion process in foreign cultures. The theory that supports this clinical and theoretical work is psychoanalysis of link configurations. Several authors are quoted which provide knowledge about the modern world, starting with psychoanalysis and considering other sciences, such as sociology and anthropology. In this thesis we present six expatriation cases: five families with children and a couple, to provide clinical support to theoretical research. The cases present several ways of bond structure, so as to face geographic moves, space, time and culture modifications. Some families give support to these processes, and are active at shaping an intercultural identity of its members, while others stay halfway in the process. We discuss different levels of change of the unconscious structure of each family group. We take into consideration three dimensions of psychic structure: intrapsychic conformation, the inter-subjective or link space and the transubjective or sociocultural mode. This thesis establishes a link between theory and clinical practice, reaching conclusions about the subjective profile of contemporary people. The subjective constitution of the contemporary being requires adaptability and flexibility while oscillating between different universes, the possibility of using what\'s new as a form of internal modification and the use of resources to ensure a certain stability and internal linking, in order to build intercultural identity