Diplomová práce má za cíl navrhnout koncept účinné přípravy expatriotů na jejich působení v České republice. K dosažení tohoto cíle byla zvolena kombinace studia relevantních teoretických rámců a provedení vlastního výzkumu v podobě dotazníkového šetření o délce 35 otázek. Dotazník byl předložen expatriotům působícím v České republice. Navržený koncept lze uplatnit na přípravu expatriotů vyslaných mezinárodními firmami a expatriotů, kteří mají záměr působit v ČR z vlastní iniciativy.

Hlavním cílem této diplomové práce je navrhnout efektivní přípravu pro expatrioty na profesionální působení v Albánské republice. Pro dosažení tohoto cíle autorka práce naplní jednotlivé cíle. Nejprve bude prozkoumána teorie dané problematiky a také související výzkumy. Hlavním cílem analytické části práce je provést dotazníkový výzkum mezi expatrioty, kteří v současnosti pracují nebo v milulých letech pracovali v Albánii a analyzovat jeho výsledky.

The work deals with Czechoslovak-Iranian relations in the interwar period and reflects their political, cultural and in particular economic dimension. The entrepreneurial activities of Czechoslovak enterprises that managed to break into Iranian market represent the main theme of the work. The economic relations based primarily on foreign trade are examined within the context of political negotiations and the issue of expatriates. The case study explains the process of market penetration of Czechoslovak export companies into Iran and analyzes the activities of Société Iranienne Skoda within the context of factory (i.e. plant and equipment) orders and infrastructure development. The work focuses on penetration of Czechoslovak armament factories (Škodovy závody, ČKD and Zbrojovka Brno) into Iranian market. Czechoslovak export of munition became especially in the 1930s the main pillar of relations between Czechoslovakia and Iran. The export of armament into Iran comprised more than half of total Czechoslovak export into Iran.

Cette étude qualitative vise à rendre compte des sources d’émotions qui sont vues comme faisant une différence dans l’adaptation de travailleurs occidentaux expatriés sur l’ile de Taïwan. Pour ce faire, le concept d’agentivité, développé par les chercheurs de l’École de Montréal de communication organisationnelle, a été mobilisé dans le but de rendre compte des agents identifiés par les personnes expatriées comme influençant leur expérience émotionnelle au cours de leur adaptation. Il a été démontré que divers aspects organisationnels et culturels faisant partie de la culture taïwanaise représentaient pour ces personnes des agents qui influençaient leurs émotions. La hiérarchie, les normes de gestion de conflit et des relations avec les clients, les horaires de travail et le respect des nombreuses règles présentes dans les organisations ont été décrits comme des sources d’émotions négatives pour les travailleurs expatriés. Il a également été avancé qu’ils attribuaient de l’agentivité à ces émotions qu’ils mobilisaient pour justifier/expliquer leurs actions au cours de cette période. Ainsi, la construction de sens de l’expérience émotionnelle des travailleurs expatriés a été présentée. / Grounded in Montréal School of organizational communication research, this qualitative study investigates the sources of emotions that are perceived as making a difference in the adaptation of occidental expatriate workers in Taiwan by viewing these sources as “agents.” Thus, this study uncovers how the agents are seen as influencing expats’ emotional experience during their adaptation to Taiwanese professional culture, showing that many organizational aspects are viewed as sources of negative emotions. For example, expats’ accounts show that they treat adherence to hierarchy and organizational rules and rigid work schedules as agents that provoke negative emotions during their adaptation to their new environments. In addition, this study shows that the emotions were also, for the expatriated workers, seen as agents that they mobilized to justify their actions during this particular period of their lives.

Cette étude qualitative vise à rendre compte des sources d’émotions qui sont vues comme faisant une différence dans l’adaptation de travailleurs occidentaux expatriés sur l’ile de Taïwan. Pour ce faire, le concept d’agentivité, développé par les chercheurs de l’École de Montréal de communication organisationnelle, a été mobilisé dans le but de rendre compte des agents identifiés par les personnes expatriées comme influençant leur expérience émotionnelle au cours de leur adaptation. Il a été démontré que divers aspects organisationnels et culturels faisant partie de la culture taïwanaise représentaient pour ces personnes des agents qui influençaient leurs émotions. La hiérarchie, les normes de gestion de conflit et des relations avec les clients, les horaires de travail et le respect des nombreuses règles présentes dans les organisations ont été décrits comme des sources d’émotions négatives pour les travailleurs expatriés. Il a également été avancé qu’ils attribuaient de l’agentivité à ces émotions qu’ils mobilisaient pour justifier/expliquer leurs actions au cours de cette période. Ainsi, la construction de sens de l’expérience émotionnelle des travailleurs expatriés a été présentée. / Grounded in Montréal School of organizational communication research, this qualitative study investigates the sources of emotions that are perceived as making a difference in the adaptation of occidental expatriate workers in Taiwan by viewing these sources as “agents.” Thus, this study uncovers how the agents are seen as influencing expats’ emotional experience during their adaptation to Taiwanese professional culture, showing that many organizational aspects are viewed as sources of negative emotions. For example, expats’ accounts show that they treat adherence to hierarchy and organizational rules and rigid work schedules as agents that provoke negative emotions during their adaptation to their new environments. In addition, this study shows that the emotions were also, for the expatriated workers, seen as agents that they mobilized to justify their actions during this particular period of their lives.

The aim of this thesis is to identify the key roles of expatriates in a major Japanese MNE and factors influencing formation of their roles. It also examines to what extent expatriates have discretion in forming their roles. The thesis uses empirical data from 109 interviews and 5 years of action research (44 advisory board meetings and 144 Human Resource Management (HRM) workshops, 19 research sites in 9 countries and 17 additional meetings on specific topics) that enabled the researcher to carry out insightful and in-depth analysis with cross-national and multi-layer perspectives. The study applies organisational design theory to unveil the mechanisms of role formation, significantly expanding the understanding of these issues in Japanese business and the international business literature. The findings suggest that the process of role formation of expatriates can be explained by combining contingency theory and strategic choice theory in a framework that argues that the roles of expatriates are the result of a political process of organisational design (Child, 1997). This includes adaptation to the environment (Lawrence and Lorsch, 1967) but also the relationship between organisational agents and the environment in the process of strategic choice (Child, 1997). The major contribution of this study is to provide evidence that expatriates are not merely agents of HQs in international business as traditionally understood, but that their role is more complex and multifaceted. The study empirically identifies five key roles of expatriates – two more than previously identified in the literature – and unveils six contingency factors and two strategic choice factors influencing role formation. The thesis demonstrates that expatriates strategically select their roles, although internal and external factors can act either as enhancers or obstacles to their making of choices and role formation.

在當前快速變遷與高度不確定性環境下，政府施政環境日益複雜，面對社會大眾多元化之強烈需求，如何提升政府機關工作績效，同時加強台灣國際競爭力，以滿足社會及民眾的需求，是當前政府的一項重大挑戰。有鑑於國際人力資源管理之研究眾多，但都未能探討國際人力資源管理的所有功能，且對各項功能間之關係亦未探討，同時缺乏有系統的研究，實證研究也不多見。我國中央政府機關依功能、任務不同，分別派有駐外人員，有關政府機關駐外人員人力資源管理制度之文獻及研究並不多。筆者工作上有機會接觸各駐外單位，因此將針對政府機關，探討甄選、教有訓練、激勵等決定因素，對駐外人員海外適應與工作績效之主要作用和交互作用影響，使理論及實務更完備，期利用政府機關人力資源管理制度，以提升駐外人員海外適應與工作績效。 本研究以問卷調查的方式進行，共發出問卷193份，回收175份問卷，回收率為90.67%。透過敘述性統計、因素分析、集群分析、相關分析與迴歸分析等數量方法，以實證資料來分析政府機關駐外人員的甄選、教育訓練與激勵差異性，探討其對駐外人員海外適應的影響，並進一步瞭解與工作績效的關係。本研究結果顯示如下： 一、「符合駐外任務所需工作能力的甄選」與「符合駐外任務所需基本條件的甄選」對「海外適應」並無顯著的正向影響。 二、「符合駐外任務所需工作能力的甄選」與「工作績效」有顯著正相關。 三、「符合駐外任務所需工作面的教育訓練」與「符合駐外任務所需語言面的教育訓練」對「海外適應」皆產生顯著的正向影響。 四、「符合駐外任務所需工作面的教育訓練」與「符合駐外任務所需語言面的教育訓練」對「工作績效」無顯著正相關。 五、「符合駐外任務所需財務性的激勵制度」與「符合駐外任務所需非財務性的激勵制度」對「海外適應」並無顯著正向影響。 六、「符合駐外任務所需財務性的激勵制度」對「工作績效」有顯著正向影響。 七、「符合駐外任務所需工作面的海外適應」對「工作績效」有顯著正向影響。 八、「高度整合駐外人員人力資源管理制度」對「海外適應」及「工作績效」均有顯著正向影響。 管理涵意則為政府機關駐外人員若要有高度工作績效，除了國際人力資源管理制度的考量之外，還需要其他構面如海外適應等加以配合，才能充分發揮實施效益。本研究的發現可提供政府機關在未來擬定駐外人員人力資源管理制度時之策略參考。 / In a fast-changing and highly uncertain environment, the government is facing pluralistic claims of the public. How to promote the work performance of government, enhance the international competitive edge of Taiwan, and cater to the demands of society and the populace are the important challenges for the current government. Although there is much research and literature on international human resource management (IHRM), none of it studies all functions oflHRM the relationships among functions in systematic or experimental research. For the time being, the government's ministries and associations dispatch expatriates respectively by the different functions and missions. But the literature and research do less to study international human resource management system(IHRMS) of the government's expatriates. I have the opportunity to work and contact the other ministries' and associations' expatriates; hence, I will focus on government organization and explore how the decisive factors which are selection, education and training and motivation, impinge on the major function and the interplay of overseas adaptation and work performance of expatriates. By means oflHRMS of the government, thesis will complete the theory and the practice as well as promote overseas adaptation and work performance. The research uses a questionnaire to survey. For the 175 received questionnaires of 193 issued, the received rate is 90.67%, To analyze the differences and explore the influences on overseas adaptation and work performance among selection, education and training and motivation of the government's expatriates, the research uses some quantitative measures such as descriptive statistics, factor, cluster, correlation and regression analyses. The major findings are: (l)Both "work-capability selection of the corresponding overseas mission" and "basic-conditions selection of the corresponding overseas mission" do not have a significant positive influence on "overseas adaptation." (2)"work-capability selection of the corresponding overseas mission" has a significant positive correlation "work performance." (3)"the job education and training of the corresponding overseas mission" and "the language education and training ot ine corresponding overseas mission" have a significant positive influence on "overseas adaptation." (4)"Thejob education and training of the corresponding overseas mission" and "the language education and training of the corresponding overseas mission" do not have a significant positive correlation on "work performance." (5)"The financial motivation system of the corresponding overseas mission" and "the non-financial motivation system of the corresponding overseas mission" do not have a significant positive influence on "overseas adaptation." (6)"The financial motivation system of the corresponding overseas mission" has a significant positive influence on "work performance." (7)"0verseas work adaptation" has a significant positive influence on "work performance." (8)"Highly integrated IHRMS of expatriates" has a significant positive influence on both "overseas adaptation" and "work performance." The managerial meaning is that if the government would like to have high work performance of expatriates, it needs to consider not only IHRMS, but overseas adaptation, etc. The results of the research can provide the government the strategic reference of planning HRMS of expatriates in the future.

Chachage Seithy L. Chachage aliyezaliwa mwaka 1955 wilayani Njombe ni mmojawapo wa waandishi wakongwe wa riwaya ya Kiswahili. Hadi hii leo amechapisha riwaya nne. Katika mahojiano haya yaliyofanyika tarehe 30 Machi, mwaka 2004, huko Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam tulitia mkazo zaidi kwenye riwaya yake mpya Makuadi wa Soko Huria (2002). Hivi sasa mwandishi ni Profesa na Mkuu wa Idara ya Sosholojia ya Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:14:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 61070100614.pdf: 1078611 bytes, checksum: 191ee9d092334c77245e5af649ecc35f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-27T00:00:00Z / Este trabalho situa-se no campo da gestão internacional de recursos humanos e trata do tema da repatriação de executivos brasileiros. O objetivo desta pesquisa é realizar um levantamento das políticas e práticas de recursos humanos utilizadas por empresas brasileiras internacionalizadas e por empresas multinacionais no processo de repatriação de executivos brasileiros e na retenção desses executivos nas organizações. Como objetivos secundários, a pesquisa visa verificar se as organizações adotam as principais políticas e práticas de recursos humanos apresentadas na literatura e verificar se há diferenças entre as políticas e práticas de recursos humanos adotadas pelas empresas brasileiras internacionalizadas e pelas empresas multinacionais. A metodologia utilizada foi uma abordagem qualitativa, descritiva e analítica, em que 20 entrevistas semi-estruturadas foram realizadas, mais especificamente, 11 entrevistas com responsáveis pela área de expatriação e repatriação de empresas brasileiras internacionalizadas e 9 entrevistas com os responsáveis pela área de expatriação e repatriação de empresas multinacionais. A análise categorial temática foi utilizada como método de análise de conteúdo para interpretação das entrevistas realizadas. Os principais resultados encontrados na pesquisa foram: (i) as empresas que compõem a amostra adotam parte das políticas e práticas de recursos humanos apresentadas na literatura como fatores que auxiliam no sucesso da repatriação de executivos. A maioria das políticas e práticas adotadas está relacionada a políticas adotadas durante a expatriação e que tem impacto positivo na repatriação.e quase nenhuma das políticas e práticas sugeridas pela literatura para a fase de repatriação é adotada; (ii) o sucesso da repatriação, em termos profissionais e a adaptação do repatriado e da família ao país, e a vida social e familiar parecem depender muito mais das características do brasileiro, da conjuntura econômica do país e do esforço pessoal dos repatriados e familiares do que do suporte organizacional; (iii) parece haver poucas diferenças entre as políticas e práticas de recursos humanos adotadas pelas empresas brasileiras e pelas empresas multinacionais. / This is a study in the field of the International Management of Human Resources Management and its subject is the repatriation of Brazilian executives. The objective of this research is to investigate the Human Resources policies and practices used by both Brazilian internationalized and multinational companies in the processes of repatriation of Brazilian executives as well as in the retaining of such professionals in their organizations. As secondary objectives, this research aims to verify if organizations adopt the best human resources policies and practices referred to in the mainstream literature as factors that corroborate to the success of the repatriation and to identify whether there are differences in the human resources policies and practices adopted by the Brazilian internationalized and the multinational companies. The Adopted methodology was based in a qualitative approach, in which 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted with the person in charge of the expatriation and repatriation processes, 11 in Brazilian internationalized and 9 in multinational companies. The analysis by thematic categories was used as the content analysis method for the interpretation of the above mentioned interviews’ results. The main results identified were the following: (I) the studied companies adopt only partially the best human resources policies and practices recommended by the literature as factors that corroborate in the success of executives repatriation. The majority of the adopted policies and practices are related to policies adopted during the expatriation period that have a positive impact in the repatriation. Almost none of the policies and practices suggested by the mainstream literature for the repatriation phase itself is adopted; (II) the success of the repatriation, in both professional terms and regarding the adaptation of the repatriated and his family to the country and its social and family life, seems to depend much more of the characteristics of the expatriated Brazilian himself, of the economic context of the country and of the personal efforts of the repatriated and his family than of his company’s support; and, (III) few differences between the human resources policies and practices adopted by the Brazilian and the multinational companies were found.

Submitted by Cristiane Oliveira (cristiane.oliveira@fgv.br) on 2011-05-25T13:14:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 71070100709.pdf: 1265082 bytes, checksum: 070a25cf2202e955a865b4bea384ff19 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia(suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2011-05-25T13:44:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 71070100709.pdf: 1265082 bytes, checksum: 070a25cf2202e955a865b4bea384ff19 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia(suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2011-05-25T13:45:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 71070100709.pdf: 1265082 bytes, checksum: 070a25cf2202e955a865b4bea384ff19 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-25T14:43:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 71070100709.pdf: 1265082 bytes, checksum: 070a25cf2202e955a865b4bea384ff19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-23 / International assignments of executives continues to be essential for the internationalization of the enterprises, control of subsidiaries, knowledge transference, international business and it seems that the number of expatriates in the world shows no signs of slowing down. The international literature on expatriation has shown the intercultural adjustment as the determinant factor of the expatriate’s success in his/her international assignment. The model of international adjustment from Black et al. (1991) is the reference for empirical research and practical recommendations involving policies of international human resource management. According to this model without intercultural adjustment, the expatriate will not be effective and will fail in his/her international assignment. The intercultural adjustment is a multidimensional construct that have been depicted in many ways, but it also has been little explored and not sufficiently explained. Under this context, the Japanese expatriates are taken as examples of success in international assignment due to their lowest failure rates in the world (TUNGLI; PEIPERL, 2009). However, the research's results show that intercultural adjustment does not seen to be relevant to the their success in international assignments, which contradicts the literature on this theme. In this thesis the author carried out a methodological approach based on exploratory and qualitative research and observed that the process of Japanese expats' intercultural adjustment does not follow the Black et al.(1991a) model’s recommendations and logic. Three groups of expatriates (Bulletproof, Adventurer, Conformist) were also identified so that it allowed a profound analysis of the organizational and individual factors that facilitate and also difficult their intercultural adjustment. / A expatriação de executivos continua sendo essencial para a internacionalização de empresas, controle de subsidiárias, transferência de conhecimentos, negócios internacionais e não há tendência de queda do número de expatriados no mundo. A literatura internacional em expatriação tem apresentado o ajustamento intercultural como fator determinante do sucesso do expatriado em sua missão internacional. O modelo de Black et al.(1991) de ajustamento internacional é a referência das pesquisas empíricas e recomendações gerencialistas em torno de políticas de administração de recursos humanos internacionais. De acordo com este modelo, sem ajustamento intercultural o expatriado não será efetivo e falhará em sua missão internacional. O ajustamento intercultural é um construto multidimensional que tem sido operacionalizado de várias maneiras, mas também pouco explorado e não suficientemente explicado. Sob esse contexto, os expatriados Japoneses são tidos como exemplos de sucesso devido as suas baixas taxas de falhas em missões internacionais no mundo (TUNGLI;PEIPERL,2009). No entanto, os resultados da pesquisa mostram que o ajustamento intercultural não parece ser relevante para o sucesso desses expatriados, contrariando a literatura sobre o tema. Este tese se utilizou de uma metodologia de pesquisa de caráter exploratório e qualitativo e após a análise de conteúdo das entrevistas de trinta e sete expatriados, observou-se que o processo de ajustamento intercultural para os expatriados japoneses no Brasil não segue as recomendações e a lógica do modelo de Black et al. (1991). Identificou-se também três grupos (Blindados, Aventureiros e Conformados) de expatriados que permitiram uma análise profunda dos fatores organizacionais e pessoais que facilitam e dificultam o ajustamento intercultural.