There has been a rapid increase in the number of women entrepreneurs during the last decade. Yet, the number is still rather low why the Swedish Government is performing encouraging efforts. The encouragement of female‟s entrepreneurship is a necessity since women account for a rather new group of entrepreneurs who contributes to the growth of the economy. For most entrepreneurs, the success or failure depends on the ability to create a network of support and access to external capital. Previous research has shown that women entrepreneurs have a harder time to access external capital. These researchers have, however, mostly focused on individual traits and through these explained the financial situation of women entrepreneurs. This research, on the contrary, adopts a sociological research perspective where the everyday experiences of women entrepreneurs are emphasized. The purpose of this study is to understand and describe the financial situations faced by women entrepreneurs within the region of Jönköping. This will be achieved by examining the women‟s experiences in asking for banks‟ capital and the perceptions of the banks in supplying the capital. The study takes on an ethnomethodological research approach and applies a narrative data collection method. Due to the adopted ethnomethodological perspective, the study engages in the mapping of the everyday reality of the researched participants. The narrative data collection method allows the participants to express their stories and experiences. On the basis of an a priori model, the narratives were systematically studied and the financial situation of women entrepreneurs analyzed. The study applies a micro- and a macro analysis under which narratives of two different structures are examined. The micro analysis takes account of the narratives produced by the researched participants without involving any theory. It is found that the women entrepreneurs‟ narratives are more varied and action-oriented whereas the narratives of banks are more conformative and gen-eral. The macro analysis puts the narratives into a broader framework by in-volving both earlier research and a theory developed by Bourdieu. This analysis contributes to an understanding of that the social setting affects the structure, rules and norms of the entrepreneurial field. This may act as hin-ders for women entrepreneurs in terms of accessing capital, networking and overall feeling exhorted to be entrepreneurs. Hence, the reality of women entrepreneurs can be argued to be socially constructed where the women are unfairly seen through influenced eyes.

<p>There has been a rapid increase in the number of women entrepreneurs during the last decade. Yet, the number is still rather low why the Swedish Government is performing encouraging efforts. The encouragement of female‟s entrepreneurship is a necessity since women account for a rather new group of entrepreneurs who contributes to the growth of the economy. For most entrepreneurs, the success or failure depends on the ability to create a network of support and access to external capital. Previous research has shown that women entrepreneurs have a harder time to access external capital. These researchers have, however, mostly focused on individual traits and through these explained the financial situation of women entrepreneurs. This research, on the contrary, adopts a sociological research perspective where the everyday experiences of women entrepreneurs are emphasized.</p><p>The purpose of this study is to understand and describe the financial situations faced by women entrepreneurs within the region of Jönköping. This will be achieved by examining the women‟s experiences in asking for banks‟ capital and the perceptions of the banks in supplying the capital.</p><p>The study takes on an ethnomethodological research approach and applies a narrative data collection method. Due to the adopted ethnomethodological perspective, the study engages in the mapping of the everyday reality of the researched participants. The narrative data collection method allows the participants to express their stories and experiences.</p><p>On the basis of an a priori model, the narratives were systematically studied and the financial situation of women entrepreneurs analyzed. The study applies a micro- and a macro analysis under which narratives of two different structures are examined. The micro analysis takes account of the narratives produced by the researched participants without involving any theory. It is found that the women entrepreneurs‟ narratives are more varied and action-oriented whereas the narratives of banks are more conformative and gen-eral. The macro analysis puts the narratives into a broader framework by in-volving both earlier research and a theory developed by Bourdieu. This analysis contributes to an understanding of that the social setting affects the structure, rules and norms of the entrepreneurial field. This may act as hin-ders for women entrepreneurs in terms of accessing capital, networking and overall feeling exhorted to be entrepreneurs. Hence, the reality of women entrepreneurs can be argued to be socially constructed where the women are unfairly seen through influenced eyes.</p>

Implementering av affärssystem är avgörande för organisationers framgång i dagens affärsvärld, vilket möjliggör förbättring av verksamheten och skapande av konkurrensfördelar. Samarbetet mellan olika aktörer under implementeringsprocessen är av central betydelse för att uppnå värdeskapande för SME-företag. Därför är syftet med denna studie att få kunskap om samarbetet mellan aktörer under implementeringen av affärssystem samt de uppfyllda SME-företagens värden, för att kunna svara på frågeställningen: Hur samarbetar aktörer under implementeringsprocessen av affärssystem för att uppfylla SME-företags värden?     Genom en kvalitativ forskningsansats samlades data in från både konsulter och SME-anställda som deltagande respondenter. Resultaten av de semistrukturerade intervjuerna visar att samarbetet är avgörande för en framgångsrik implementering. Kontinuerlig dialog, nära relationer och regelbundna möten säkerställer att behoven uppfylls. Värden som skapas av implementeringen är utifrån resultatet exempelvis tidsbesparing. Analysen bidrar med ett flödesschema som illustrerar implementeringsprocessens struktur och sammanhang utifrån empirin. Även diskussionen bidrar med ett flödesschema som fokuserar på vart och hur samarbete sker uppdelad i faser som kommer från forskningen baserat på litteraturen och empirin. Studien tar i diskussionen hänsyn till samband, olikheter och olika uppfattade värde. Studiens slutsats bidrar med ökad förståelse genom att visa samarbetets avgörande betydelse under implementeringen, med aktiviteter som utbildningar, möten och dialog. Affärssystemet ger värdefulla fördelar som tidsbesparing, ökad lönsamhet och bättre kundrelationer. / The implementation of enterprise systems is crucial for the succes of organizations in today's business world, enabling operational improvement and the creation of competitive advantages. Collaboration among different stakeholders during the implementation process is central to achieving value creation for SMEs. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to gain knowledge about the collaboration between stakeholders during the implementation of enterprise systems and the values realized by SMEs, in order to address the research question: How do stakeholders collaborate during the implementation process of business systems to fulfill SME-enterprises values?     Through a qualitative research approach, data was collected from both consultants and SME employees as participating respondents. The results of the semi-structured interviews indicate the collaboration is crucial for successful implementation. Continuous dialogue, close relationships, and regular meetings ensure that needs are met. Value created by the implementation are, for example time savings. The analysis contributes with a flowchart illustrating the structure and context of the implementation process based on the empirical data. The discussion also contributes with a flowchart focusing on where and how collaboration occurs, divided into phases derived from research based on literature and empirical data. The study considers relationships, differences and perceived value in the discussion. The conclusion of the study enhances understanding by demonstrating the crucial importance of collaboration during implementation, with activities such as training, meetings, and dialogue. The enterprise system provides valuable benefits such as time savings, increased profitability, and better customer relations.

This study aims to examine how meaning and value is created in IKEA’s internal and external means of communication. I want to see if the values expressed in the internal and external communication tangent. I will additionally inspect how IKEA present themselves depending on whether the recipients are internal coworkers or external customers. The last thing to be inspected is the internal and external “ideal reader”, which is translated from the Swedish term “modelläsare” (Björkvall 2003). Furthermore, the objective of the study is to contribute to the field of linguistic research. This is done by exposing how values are used to shape different versions of the identity of organizations internally and externally. The internal documents consist of a vision and a “värdegrund”, in English called “fundamental values”, and the external communication entails three images from the advertising campaign “Where life happens”. I analyzed the material through the ideational metafunction belonging to the theory of systemic functional grammar and through a sociosemiotic multimodal analysis. The result reveals that nearly all of the expressed values occur both internally and externally. An example of prominent values is togetherness, inclusiveness and openness. However, the way in which IKEA present themselves towards internal and external target audiences varies markedly, as does the constructed ideal reader. The internal ideational representation of IKEA marks the coworker as part of the organization. At the same time multiple demands describing how the coworker should act and think greatly constricts and controls the internal audience. The external recipients, however, are free to be of a varying kind. IKEA expresses how the external target audience includes everyone. As a result, there are no expectations of who the external ideal reader should be, with one exception. The internal and external ideal readers are both part of a community, as contrasting to being portrayed as solitary.

I byggbranschen har nya metoder för projektering utvecklats genom införandet av moderna och mer kraftfulla BIM-verktyg. Flera av dagens konstruktioner modelleras enligt tredimensionella principer.Tekla Structures är ett kraftfullt BIM-verktyg som klarar av att hantera både huskonstruktioner och anläggningskonstruktioner. Trots detta kan programmet inte hantera broar med dubbelkrökning på ett effektivt sätt. Projektörer behöver därför utgå från flera program för att kunna hantera komplexa brokonstruktioner.För att kunna utnyttja fördelar med Tekla Structures, behöver programmet att utvecklas eller kompletteras med andra tredjepartsprogram. Detta projekt syftar till att integrera nya arbetssätt och införa en metodik, i form av parametriserade modellering i Tekla Structures. En sådan form av modellering tillåter användaren att modifiera parametrar för en önskad modell.Ett skript är skapad genom ett visuellt programmeringstillägg, som genererar parametriskbaserade bromodeller. Brokonstruktionstyp som modellerades i detta projekt är en plattrambro.Resultatet av projektet pekar mot att parametriserad modellering är ett effektivt sätt att modellera och en lösning för att bland annat hantera broar med dubbelkrökningar. / New methods for project designing in the building construction industry have been developed by introducing modern and powerful BIM tools. Several of today’s constructions are designed according to three-dimensional principles.Tekla Structures is a powerful BIM tool that is capable of managing both house and infrastructure constructions. Despite this, the program cannot handle bridges with a horizontal and vertical curvature efficiently. The designers must instead rely on several other applications to manage complex bridge constructions.In order to use the advantages of Tekla Structures, the software needs to be evolved or complimented by other third party softwares. This project aims to integrate new working technics and introduce a method based on parametric design in Tekla Structures. Such form of modeling enables the modification of parameters to a desired model for the user.A script is created through a visual programming extension that generates a parametric based bridge models. The bridge type in this project was designed, is an integral bridge.The project has proved that parametric based design is more effectively and a solution to manage bridges with horizontal and vertical curvature.

Ligand-gated ion channels play an important role in electrochemical signal transduction across diverse organisms, yet their structural and functional intricacies are not fully understood. Particularly lacking is the knowledge of their response to variations in pH, an aspect necessary for understanding their physiological relevance and potential therapeutic targeting in neurological diseases. In this thesis project, I have investigated the mechanistic response of sTeLIC, a recently reported prokaryotic member of the pentameric ligand-gated ion channel family, to different environmental conditions. Using molecular dynamics simulations, a total of 16 different environmental conditions have been explored including variations in pH (neutral and alkaline), the presence and absence of calcium, and the inclusion of an electric field acting as an external driving force on charged atoms. The results reveal a comprehensive pH-sensing and gating mechanism involving key residues, notably E106 (on the β6 strand) and E160 (on loop F), and their local microenvironments. Additionally, an inhibitory mechanism for calcium is proposed, with E160 playing an important role. The simulations including an electric field has provided support for a non-conventional ion pathway through the pore. Collectively, these results offer insights into a mechanistic framework that may extend to other physiologically relevant systems, providing a foundation for further investigations and potential future therapeutic intervention. / pLGICs har en viktig roll i det elektrokemiska signalsystemet i många organismer, men detaljerna i deras struktur och framför allt funktion är fortfarande inte helt klargjorda. Särskilt är detaljerna kring deras reaktion på ändringar i pH-värde relativt okända, vilket är en viktig del i att förstå kanalernas fysiologiska roll och för att potentiellt hitta läkemedel mot neurologiska sjukdomar där dessa är inblandade. I det här arbetet har jag undersökt hur sTeLIC, som är ett nyligen publicerat bakteriellt protein i familjen pLGICs, reagerar på olika ändringar i miljön. Jag har använt molekyldynamiksimuleringar för att unders öka 16 olika miljöer med två olika pH-värden (neutralt och alkaliskt), med eller utan kalcium samt med eller utan en extern drivkraft över membranet i form av ett elektrisk fält. Arbetet har resulterat i en föreslagen mekanism förhur sTeLIC känner av pH och hur öppningen av kanalen går till. Denna mekanism involverar aminosyrorna E106, som finns på β6-strängen, och E160, som finns på F-loopen, samt deras omgivning. Dessutom har en modulatorisk mekanism föreslagits för en kalciuminhiberande effekt på sTeLIC som också involverar E160. Simuleringarna med en drivkraft över membranet har gett stöd för en ny väg för joner genom kanalen. Tillsammans ger dessa resultat insikt i en mekanism som eventuellt kan appliceras p ̊a andra system. Detta har lagt grunden för fortsatt undersökning som potentiellt kan leda till framtida läkemedelsutveckling inom området.