Esta pesquisa descreve o comportamento linguístico de nordestinos residentes na cidade de São Paulo e nos municípios de Osasco e Santo André, a partir do pressuposto de que o comportamento linguístico de um indivíduo dentro de sua comunidade de fala envolve mudanças. O objetivo é verificar se os nordestinos modificaram seu dialeto diante do dialeto paulista. Adotaram-se como corpus doze entrevistas com falantes. A metodologia utilizada foi a de entrevistas gravadas em gravador digital e a transcrição obedecendo-se a fluência verbal dos informantes a fim de coletar dados elucidativos para o presente estudo. Nas transcrições procurou-se, quando possível, utilizar as normas de transcrição do Projeto NURC. Partimos de duas análises sociolinguísticas: a análise das variáveis linguísticas e extralinguísticas. A análise das variáveis extralinguísticas objetivou traçar o perfil de quem poderia estar ou não implementando uma mudança linguística. Os fatores aferidos foram: gênero, escolaridade, tempo de permanência em São Paulo, faixa etária, ocupação e estados de origem. Nesta análise percebeu-se que há tanto falantes categóricos como aqueles que oscilam ao utilizar ou não seu dialeto, que os fatores extralinguísticos estão diretamente relacionados a essa mudança, assim como o estado de origem dos entrevistados. A análise das variáveis linguísticas objetivou verificar se há uma mudança linguística em curso ou não e em quais situações de fala isso pode acontecer. Os fatores aferidos foram as variáveis dependentes: [ t ] [ d ] oclusiva dental e [ t ] [ d ] africada palato-alveolar diante da vogal [ i ] e as variáveis independentes quanto ao segmento antecedente, segmento seguinte e em relação à sílaba tônica. Os dados foram codificados e aferidos através do programa Goldvarb versão 2001. / This research aims at describing and analysing the linguistic behavior of the northeastern ones who lives in Sao Paulo city, and in the neightborhood cities: Osasco and Santo André, as a consequence of their migration movements. The objective is verify if the northeasten modify their dialects in front of paulistas dialect. Twelve interviews were adopted like corpus with resident speakers. The used methodology was that of interviews recorded in digital tape recorder and the transcription obeying verbal fluency of the informants in order to collect elucidatory data for the present study. In the transcriptions it tried, as possible as, to use the Project NURCs transcription standards. We began of two analyses sociolinguistics: the analysis of the linguistic and extralinguistic variables. The analysis of the extralinguistic variables aimed to draw whose profile might be or without implementing a linguistic change. The checked factors were: genre, schooling, permanence time in Sao Paulo, age, occupation and states of origin. In this analysis it was seen that it is so much categorical speakers as those who oscillate while using or not their dialects, that the extralinguistic factors are straightly connected to this change, as well as the state of origin of the interviewed ones. The analysis of the linguistic variables aimed to check if there is a current linguistic change or not and in which speech situations that can happen. The checked factors were the dependent variables: [t] [d] oclusiva dental consonant and [t ] [d ] africada - alveolar before the vowel [i] and the independent variables as for the preceding segment, next segment and regarding the syllable tonic. The data were encoded and checked through the program Goldvarb version 2001.

Esta pesquisa descreve o comportamento linguístico de nordestinos residentes na cidade de São Paulo e nos municípios de Osasco e Santo André, a partir do pressuposto de que o comportamento linguístico de um indivíduo dentro de sua comunidade de fala envolve mudanças. O objetivo é verificar se os nordestinos modificaram seu dialeto diante do dialeto paulista. Adotaram-se como corpus doze entrevistas com falantes. A metodologia utilizada foi a de entrevistas gravadas em gravador digital e a transcrição obedecendo-se a fluência verbal dos informantes a fim de coletar dados elucidativos para o presente estudo. Nas transcrições procurou-se, quando possível, utilizar as normas de transcrição do Projeto NURC. Partimos de duas análises sociolinguísticas: a análise das variáveis linguísticas e extralinguísticas. A análise das variáveis extralinguísticas objetivou traçar o perfil de quem poderia estar ou não implementando uma mudança linguística. Os fatores aferidos foram: gênero, escolaridade, tempo de permanência em São Paulo, faixa etária, ocupação e estados de origem. Nesta análise percebeu-se que há tanto falantes categóricos como aqueles que oscilam ao utilizar ou não seu dialeto, que os fatores extralinguísticos estão diretamente relacionados a essa mudança, assim como o estado de origem dos entrevistados. A análise das variáveis linguísticas objetivou verificar se há uma mudança linguística em curso ou não e em quais situações de fala isso pode acontecer. Os fatores aferidos foram as variáveis dependentes: [ t ] [ d ] oclusiva dental e [ t ] [ d ] africada palato-alveolar diante da vogal [ i ] e as variáveis independentes quanto ao segmento antecedente, segmento seguinte e em relação à sílaba tônica. Os dados foram codificados e aferidos através do programa Goldvarb versão 2001. / This research aims at describing and analysing the linguistic behavior of the northeastern ones who lives in Sao Paulo city, and in the neightborhood cities: Osasco and Santo André, as a consequence of their migration movements. The objective is verify if the northeasten modify their dialects in front of paulistas dialect. Twelve interviews were adopted like corpus with resident speakers. The used methodology was that of interviews recorded in digital tape recorder and the transcription obeying verbal fluency of the informants in order to collect elucidatory data for the present study. In the transcriptions it tried, as possible as, to use the Project NURCs transcription standards. We began of two analyses sociolinguistics: the analysis of the linguistic and extralinguistic variables. The analysis of the extralinguistic variables aimed to draw whose profile might be or without implementing a linguistic change. The checked factors were: genre, schooling, permanence time in Sao Paulo, age, occupation and states of origin. In this analysis it was seen that it is so much categorical speakers as those who oscillate while using or not their dialects, that the extralinguistic factors are straightly connected to this change, as well as the state of origin of the interviewed ones. The analysis of the linguistic variables aimed to check if there is a current linguistic change or not and in which speech situations that can happen. The checked factors were the dependent variables: [t] [d] oclusiva dental consonant and [t ] [d ] africada - alveolar before the vowel [i] and the independent variables as for the preceding segment, next segment and regarding the syllable tonic. The data were encoded and checked through the program Goldvarb version 2001.

<p>France has long had its foreign audiovisual material dubbed. If this is due to an attempt to conserve the French language, there should also be similar concern with foreign cultural references. This essay uses qualitative analyses of extralinguistic references to discover if a so-called domesticating practice is notable also in French subtitling. Sweden, however, is a smaller country, and may be considered more Americanized culturally. Swedish subtitling is used as the more globalized counterpart.</p><p>This research cites instances in which extralinguistic references are made and how they are subsequently dealt with in the translated subtitles. The instances are singled out and then individually analyzed. Using four categories of translation methods for Extralinguistic Cultural References (ECRs), this study investigates whether translation norms differ between Swedish and French subtitles.</p><p>This study‘s most important finding is that there do seem to be different norms for Swedish and French subtitles and that the francophone target audience is not required to move so far from its domestic reference frame as is the Swedish target audience.</p><p>Another important finding is that while there are both quantitative and qualitative differences, there are also striking similarities on the statistical level, indicating that there are global norms that govern translation in general, and specifically subtitling.</p><p>The results are interesting for the discussion around which ECRs are domesticated, but also for further sociolinguistic analyses of French domestication.</p>

Orientador: Marymarcia Guedes / Banca: Vanderlei de Andrade Aguilera / Banca: Maria Rosário de Fátima Valencise Gregolin / Banca: Angel Humberto Corbera Mori / Banca: Luiz Antônio Amaral / Resumo: Neste estudo, à luz dos pressupostos teóricos da Sociolingüística Variacionista Quantitaviva, analisamos o uso das vogais pretônicas /e/ e /o/ no falar de 32 informantes, do sexo feminino e do sexo masculino, referentes a 2 regiões paranaenses. Conforme os resultados, verificamos que os contextos lingüísticos são determinantes no alçamento ([u], [i]) ou na manutenção ([o], [e]) dessas vogais. Dentre as variáveis lingüísticas as mais relevantes para a aplicação do alçamento foram: a) as vogais altas da sílaba seguinte a das vogais pretônicas ([o], [e]); b) as vogais médias pretônicas em contexto de hiato; c) a vogal pretônica [e] em contexto inicial seguida por uma fricativa [s,z] ou por uma nasal. Quanto às variáveis sociais, sexo, faixa etária e escolaridade, foram pouco significantes, todavia, pudemos verificar que as mulheres, os mais escolarizados, e os informantes com idade intermediária tendem a alçar menos que os homens, os jovens, os mais idosos, os analfabetos. Esse fato pode ser um indicativo de "prestígio" ou apontar para a questão das pressões sociais em relação à manutenção das pretônicas [e] e [o] nestas variedades, embora os resultados das variáveis sociais não possibilitem conclusões definitivas pelos percentuais muito próximos. / Abstract: In this study following the theorical pressupositions of the Quantitative Variacionist Sociolinguistics, we analyse the behaviour of the mid pretonic vowels /e/ and /o/ in the talk of thirty-two informants (females and males sex) referent to two paranaense Linguistic region. According to the results of the quantitative analysis, we verified that raising ([u],[i]) or the maintenance ([o],[e]) of the mid pretonic vowels [e] and [o] is determined by linguistic context, for example, when the immediate next syllable has the vowels [i] or [u], when the dependent variable is followed by a vowel, when the pretonic [e] is in initial context and/or followed by fricative consonant [z, s] or by a nasal consonant. As for social variables sex, age and schoolarship, we observed that they have less significance. In spite of, that we could verify that the women, the informants with high level of education and the middle age use more the mid vowels [o] and [e] . While the men, the informants with lower education level and the youngest, the oldest use more the high vowel [u] and [i]. This fact can be indicative of some "prestigie" or "social pression" in relation to the maintenance of the pretonics [o] and [e] in this variety. Although these results very close don't allow us definitive conclusions. / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-07-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:04:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 kailer_da_dr_arafcl.pdf: 2218624 bytes, checksum: 00daaba42d0959331307bca945afc959 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Neste estudo, à luz dos pressupostos teóricos da Sociolingüística Variacionista Quantitaviva, analisamos o uso das vogais pretônicas /e/ e /o/ no falar de 32 informantes, do sexo feminino e do sexo masculino, referentes a 2 regiões paranaenses. Conforme os resultados, verificamos que os contextos lingüísticos são determinantes no alçamento ([u], [i]) ou na manutenção ([o], [e]) dessas vogais. Dentre as variáveis lingüísticas as mais relevantes para a aplicação do alçamento foram: a) as vogais altas da sílaba seguinte a das vogais pretônicas ([o], [e]); b) as vogais médias pretônicas em contexto de hiato; c) a vogal pretônica [e] em contexto inicial seguida por uma fricativa [s,z] ou por uma nasal. Quanto às variáveis sociais, sexo, faixa etária e escolaridade, foram pouco significantes, todavia, pudemos verificar que as mulheres, os mais escolarizados, e os informantes com idade intermediária tendem a alçar menos que os homens, os jovens, os mais idosos, os analfabetos. Esse fato pode ser um indicativo de “prestígio” ou apontar para a questão das pressões sociais em relação à manutenção das pretônicas [e] e [o] nestas variedades, embora os resultados das variáveis sociais não possibilitem conclusões definitivas pelos percentuais muito próximos. / In this study following the theorical pressupositions of the Quantitative Variacionist Sociolinguistics, we analyse the behaviour of the mid pretonic vowels /e/ and /o/ in the talk of thirty-two informants (females and males sex) referent to two paranaense Linguistic region. According to the results of the quantitative analysis, we verified that raising ([u],[i]) or the maintenance ([o],[e]) of the mid pretonic vowels [e] and [o] is determined by linguistic context, for example, when the immediate next syllable has the vowels [i] or [u], when the dependent variable is followed by a vowel, when the pretonic [e] is in initial context and/or followed by fricative consonant [z, s] or by a nasal consonant. As for social variables sex, age and schoolarship, we observed that they have less significance. In spite of, that we could verify that the women, the informants with high level of education and the middle age use more the mid vowels [o] and [e] . While the men, the informants with lower education level and the youngest, the oldest use more the high vowel [u] and [i]. This fact can be indicative of some “prestigie” or “social pression” in relation to the maintenance of the pretonics [o] and [e] in this variety. Although these results very close don´t allow us definitive conclusions.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-07-25T12:01:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivop total.pdf: 1213766 bytes, checksum: 5661a21195a517532ae8df41f0209569 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-25T12:01:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivop total.pdf: 1213766 bytes, checksum: 5661a21195a517532ae8df41f0209569 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-11 / The main purpose of this academic work is to demonstrate the dynamic and social aspect of language, according as that speakers uses various forms of the nasal consonant palatal segment, the /ɲ/, depending on the linguistic and extralinguistic factors that they are submitted. The specific purposes are: identify the linguistic and extralinguistic conditions that may influence the variation of the nasal palatal /ɲ/; observe the variable accomplishment of the palatal nasal consonant as a variable null [ø] or the maintenance of the phoneme [ɲ], and reveal if the palatal nasal undergoes a process of a stable variation or language change process. This research corpus was taken from VALPB Project (HORA; PEDROSA, 2001), that has 34 informants, so we could verify is the speakers of Portuguese in a community of João Pessoa vary or not the palatal nasal. For this, we verified the variables tonicity word, following phonological context, precedent phonological context, number of syllables, grammatical category and sex as the most relevant for the deletion of palatal nasal in words. Our results shows that when the words has the palatal nasal consonant as a variable null, in the process of variation, the nasality of /ɲ/ remains, standing in the preceding vowel. Besides that, we verified the relevance of precedent phonological context, especially when it was the phoneme [i], because when the palatal nasal is deleted, the [i] keeps the distinctive feature coronal of [ɲ]. Our phenomenon is in a stable variation, given that the same speaker uses both a term with the maintenance of sound, as used with the deletion, at different times. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral demonstrar o caráter dinâmico e social da língua, na medida em que falantes usam formas variadas do segmento consonantal nasal palatal, o /ɲ/, a depender dos fatores linguísticos e extralinguísticos a que são submetidos. Os objetivos específicos são: identificar quais as condições linguísticas e extralinguísticas que podem influenciar na variação da nasal palatal /ɲ/, observar a realização da consoante nasal palatal em sua realização variável como apagamento [ø] ou manutenção do fonema [ɲ], e destacar se a consoante nasal palatal passa por um processo de variação estável ou um processo de mudança linguística. O corpus desta pesquisa foi retirado do Projeto VALPB (HORA; PEDROSA, 2001), com 34 informantes, para que pudéssemos verificar se os usuários da língua portuguesa da comunidade de João Pessoa variam ou não a nasal palatal. Para isso, verificamos as variáveis tonicidade, contexto fonológico seguinte, contexto fonológico precedente, número de sílabas, categoria gramatical e sexo como as mais relevantes para o apagamento da nasal palatal nos vocábulos. Nossos resultados demonstraram que quando a consoante nasal palatal não é produzida pelos falantes, a nasalidade de /ɲ/ permanece, ao se espraiar para a vogal precedente. Além disso, foi observada a relevância do contexto fonológico precedente, mais precisamente do segmento vocálico [i] que aparece como um forte elemento condicionador de variação, pois quando a nasal palatal é apagada, o [i] mantém o traço distintivo de coronalidade de [ɲ]. O nosso fenômeno constitui uma variação estável, tendo em vista que um mesmo falante tanto usa um vocábulo com a manutenção do fonema, quanto usa com o apagamento, em momentos distintos.

France has long had its foreign audiovisual material dubbed. If this is due to an attempt to conserve the French language, there should also be similar concern with foreign cultural references. This essay uses qualitative analyses of extralinguistic references to discover if a so-called domesticating practice is notable also in French subtitling. Sweden, however, is a smaller country, and may be considered more Americanized culturally. Swedish subtitling is used as the more globalized counterpart. This research cites instances in which extralinguistic references are made and how they are subsequently dealt with in the translated subtitles. The instances are singled out and then individually analyzed. Using four categories of translation methods for Extralinguistic Cultural References (ECRs), this study investigates whether translation norms differ between Swedish and French subtitles. This study‘s most important finding is that there do seem to be different norms for Swedish and French subtitles and that the francophone target audience is not required to move so far from its domestic reference frame as is the Swedish target audience. Another important finding is that while there are both quantitative and qualitative differences, there are also striking similarities on the statistical level, indicating that there are global norms that govern translation in general, and specifically subtitling. The results are interesting for the discussion around which ECRs are domesticated, but also for further sociolinguistic analyses of French domestication.

This study investigates indirect translations translated from Bengali source texts to Swedish target texts via English intermediary texts by comparing Pedersen’s (2011) Extralinguistic Cultural References in coupled pairs from all three languages. The purpose of this study is to examine how indirect translations differ from direct translations and to discern whether there are specific translation strategies that translators use when transferring Extralinguistic Cultural References (ECRs) from a third language. The results were analyzed with a perspective based on translation norms, previous research into indirect translation, and the concept of foreignization/domestication in mind. The results show that an indirect translation can be closer to the original source text than the intermediary text it was based on in the first place. This was demonstrated with the Swedish TTs displaying more source-oriented transfer strategies compared to the English ITs, which displayed a higher amount of target-oriented strategies used by the translators. An unexpected finding was noted in the analysis material, namely that misunderstandings or deviations present in the ITs were not necessarily transferred to the TTs, which goes against previous research into indirect translations (cf. Dollerup 2000; Tegelberg 2011; Ringmar 2016). This supports similar results as found in Adler (2016) and Hekkanen (2014). In conclusion, the results suggest that the tendency of high-prestige literature resulting in adequate translations would be stronger than the tendency of indirect translations resulting in acceptable translations in the context of the Swedish target system. The source-oriented strategies in the TTs could also be seen as resistancy to target norms by the translators to create foreignizing translations.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:39:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 389444 bytes, checksum: 2481082396453bfe2ed330f791808531 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-08-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work is a study of the full and null realizations of the anaforic subject in the language spoken in the community of João Pessoa, through quantitative methods based on the variationist theory. The main objective of this work is to describe such aspect of the Portuguese language spoken in Brazil, observing the role of linguistic and extralinguistic features within the variation process. Through the analyses of collected data, the research tried to identify the contexts that privileged or not the studied variation. It was observed that full pronominal subject was found in 2.943 analysed data, among the people chosen by IVARB programme, in the studied linguistic and extralinguistic groups, emphasizing the results of Duarte (1992) s which was used as a comparative model for the analyses presented in this research. / Este trabalho é um estudo do apagamento versus preenchimento do sujeito na fala da comunidade de João Pessoa, sob a perspectiva do modelo de análise variacionista. Fundamentado nos estudos labovianos, o principal objetivo desta pesquisa é descrever esse aspecto do português do Brasil, observando o papel dos fatores linguísticos e extralinguísticos intervenientes no processo de variação. O corpus usado é a fala da comunidade de João Pessoa PB. A partir da análise dos dados, procurou-se seguir um caminho que possibilitasse identificar os contextos que mais favoreceriam ou não a variante em estudo. Verificou-se então, ao final, que, em 2.943 dados analisados, ocorreu favorecimento ao preenchimento do sujeito em relação aos seguintes grupos linguísticos e extralinguísticos, selecionados pelo programa IVARB: pessoa do discurso, tempo verbal, tipo sintático da oração e faixa etária, demonstrando, assim, o predomínio, na fala do sujeito, do preenchimento do sujeito pronominal, o que vem ratificar os resultados apresentados no trabalho feito por Duarte (1992),o qual serviu de instrumento para o estudo comparativo feito nesta análise.

<p>How a speaker can use their posture, gesture, facial expression and voice to create a strong ethos, pistis and sense of trustworthiness is, in this paper, associated with charisma (the power of leadership or authority).</p><p>Verbal and nonverbal expressions from three particular speeches by Martin Luther King, John F Kennedy and Bill Clinton have been analyzed in depth. The results show that patos as well as strong nonverbal expression are factors in inspiring devotion or creating enthusiasm. Personal magnetism and radiance is also found to develop through figures of speech and rhetorical devices, including metaphors. Results show that facial expressions, pitch and other prosodic information are not always consciously taken in. Nevertheless, it is questioned whether such information can affect the ethos and pistis developed. This kind of subconscious infliction can be made visible by modern technical equipment. By identifying relevant para- and extralinguistic signals (so called ‘charismatic behaviors’ e.g. intense eyecontact) we can more easily understand why some people affect us greatly, while others go unnoticed.</p>