L’AMPK est un senseur métabolique qui phosphoryle de nombreux substrats afin de maintenir l’homéostasie énergétique cellulaire. Dans le cœur, un rôle protecteur de l’AMPK a été montré dans des modèles pathologiques, néanmoins la spécificité cardiaque, métabolique et sexuelle des effets protecteurs de l’AMPK n’a pas été complètement élucidée. Nous avons donc généré un modèle de souris invalidées pour l’AMPKalpha2, l’isoforme majoritaire dans le cœur. Cette délétion est induite spécifiquement dans le cœur et à l’âge adulte après injection de tamoxifène. A l’état basal, la délétion de l’AMPKalpha2 a induit une dysfonction systolique progressive du ventricule gauche et le développement d’une fibrose cardiaque uniquement chez les souris mâles. Seize semaines après induction de la délétion, ces altérations cardiaques sont associées à une diminution de la respiration mitochondriale initiée par le complexe I de la chaîne respiratoire qui pourrait être liée au réarrangement des espèces de cardiolipides et à l’augmentation de la proportion de complexe I non intégré dans des supercomplexes observés chez ces souris mâles KO. Ces effets induits par la délétion de l’AMPKalpha2 ne sont pas observés chez les femelles KO mais la fibrose cardiaque et le remodelage des cardiolipides ont été retrouvés chez des souris femelles KO ayant subi une ovariectomie. Ces résultats montrent aussi une implication de l’AMPK dans la régulation de la fibrose cardiaque et de la composition en cardiolipides de la membrane mitochondriale et mettent également en avant un dimorphisme sexuel qui pourrait être en partie dû aux hormones femelles. Une étude comparable dans un modèle pathologique est en cours d’analyse afin de préciser les effets cardioprotecteurs de l’AMPK. / AMPK is a metabolic sensor which phosphorylates a various number of substrates in order to maintain cellular energetic homeostasis. In the heart, a protective role of AMPK has been demonstrated in pathological models, nevertheless the tissue, the metabolic and the sexual specificity of those effects has not been fully investigated. Thus, we generated a mice model of AMPKalpha2 deletion, the major cardiac isoform, specifically induced in the heart and at adult age after tamoxifen injection. At basal condition, AMPKalpha2 deletion lead to a progressive systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle and to the development of fibrosis only in males. Sixteen weeks after the deletion induction, these alterations were associated to a decrease of the mitochondrial respiration initiated by complex I of the observed in these KO male mice respiratory chain which could be linked to a cardiolipin species remodeling and to an increase of complex I proportion which is not integrated in supercomplexes. These effects induced by AMPKalpha2 deletion were not observed in KO female mice; however the cardiac fibrosis and the cardiolipins remodeling were found in KO female mice with ovariectomy. These last results tend to confirm an involvement of AMPK in fibrosis regulation and membrane cardiolipin composition and highlight a sexual dimorphism which could be due to female hormones. Analysis of a similar study in a pathological model is ongoing in order to specify the AMPK cardioprotective effects.

In dieser Arbeit wurden das Kreislinienmodell und das Kreisringmodell zur Berechnung der Spannungsverteilung in kreisringförmigen Querschnitten mit Öffnungen und versagender Zugzone untersucht. Beide Modelle wurden auf den spezifischen Fall des Schornsteins des Salinemuseums in Halle angewendet, ein markantes Beispiel für eine kreisringförmige Struktur mit Öffnung. Es wurde festgestellt, dass das Kreislinienmodell in bestimmten Bereichen auf der unsicheren Seite liegt und eine geringere Spannung aufweist als das Kreisringmodell. Darüber hinaus wurde beobachtet, dass das Kreislinienmodell einen kleineren Wertebereich hat und die Spannungen somit früher asymptotisch ansteigen. Die Kraftbeiwertmethode wurde zur Ermittlung der Windlasten genutzt und der Lagrange-Algorithmus wurde mit gemessenen Ausmitten zur Beschreibung der Exzentrizität des Schornsteins verwendet.:Aufgabenstellung I Kurzfassung III Abstract III Definitionsverzeichnis VII 1 Einleitung 1 2 Theoretische Grundlagen 3 2.1 Lastannahmen am Mauerwerksschornstein 3 2.2 Bedeutung von Modellen 34 2.3 Annahmen die getroffen werden 36 2.4 Umgang mit vollkommen versagender Zugzone 37 2.5 Verwendung von Polarkoordinaten für Kreisquerschnitte 39 2.6 Ermittlung der Nulllinie 43 2.7 Spannungsermittlung am Kreis bei versagender Zugzone 45 2.8 Spannungsermittlung am Kreisring bei versagender Zugzone 50 2.9 Spannungsermittlung an der Kreislinie bei versagender Zugzone 54 3 Spannungsermittlung bei versagender Zugzone an geöffneten Kreisquerschnitten 59 3.1 Spannungsermittlung bei versagender Zugzone am geöffneten Kreisring 59 3.2 Spannungsermittlung an der geöffneten Kreislinie bei versagender Zugzone 79 3.3 Labilitätszahl und Berechnung nach Zheorie II. Ordnung 85 3.4 Nachweis der hergeleiteten Flächenmomente 88 3.5 Berechnungshilfsmittel 97 4 Anwendung und Vergleich der Kreismodelle 111 4.1 Anwendung auf den Schornstein S-1 112 4.2 Nachweise mit dem Kreisringmodell 125 4.3 Spannungsunterschiede der Modelle 131 5 Gegenüberstellung der Ergebnisse 135 5.1 Unterschiedliche Öffnungsbreiten 135 5.2 Anwendungsfall Salineschornstein 137 6 Fazit 139 Literaturverzeichnis 141 Anhang 145 / This work investigated the circle line model and the circular ring model for calculating the stress distribution in circular cross-sections with openings and failing tension zone. Both models were applied to the specific case of the Saline chimney in Halle, a prominent example of a circular ring structure with an opening. It was found that the circle line model is on the unsafe side in certain areas and has a lower tension than the circular ring model. Furthermore, it was observed that the circle line model has a smaller range of values, causing the stresses to increase asymptotically earlier. The force coefficient method was used to determine the wind loads, and the Lagrange algorithm was used with measured offsets to describe the eccentricity of the chimney.:Aufgabenstellung I Kurzfassung III Abstract III Definitionsverzeichnis VII 1 Einleitung 1 2 Theoretische Grundlagen 3 2.1 Lastannahmen am Mauerwerksschornstein 3 2.2 Bedeutung von Modellen 34 2.3 Annahmen die getroffen werden 36 2.4 Umgang mit vollkommen versagender Zugzone 37 2.5 Verwendung von Polarkoordinaten für Kreisquerschnitte 39 2.6 Ermittlung der Nulllinie 43 2.7 Spannungsermittlung am Kreis bei versagender Zugzone 45 2.8 Spannungsermittlung am Kreisring bei versagender Zugzone 50 2.9 Spannungsermittlung an der Kreislinie bei versagender Zugzone 54 3 Spannungsermittlung bei versagender Zugzone an geöffneten Kreisquerschnitten 59 3.1 Spannungsermittlung bei versagender Zugzone am geöffneten Kreisring 59 3.2 Spannungsermittlung an der geöffneten Kreislinie bei versagender Zugzone 79 3.3 Labilitätszahl und Berechnung nach Zheorie II. Ordnung 85 3.4 Nachweis der hergeleiteten Flächenmomente 88 3.5 Berechnungshilfsmittel 97 4 Anwendung und Vergleich der Kreismodelle 111 4.1 Anwendung auf den Schornstein S-1 112 4.2 Nachweise mit dem Kreisringmodell 125 4.3 Spannungsunterschiede der Modelle 131 5 Gegenüberstellung der Ergebnisse 135 5.1 Unterschiedliche Öffnungsbreiten 135 5.2 Anwendungsfall Salineschornstein 137 6 Fazit 139 Literaturverzeichnis 141 Anhang 145

De la période coloniale à nos jours, l’école malienne a connu plusieurs phases d'évolution au gré des vicissitudes de l'histoire. Cependant la quête de la qualité demeure vaine et le niveau des élèves est de plus en plus désapprouvé par les parents d’élèves, les éducateurs et les médias tandis que les politiques, dans leurs stratégies d’auto-persuasion, se glorifient des chiffres flatteurs qui cachent cette réalité.La présente thèse intitulée « L’ACCES AU SENS EN LEC TURE ET LA PRODUCTION A L’ECRIT : APTITUDES ET LACUNES DES COLLEGIENS ET LYCEENS DU MALI » se propose de partir d’un problème concret, les difficultés de maitrise de l’information écrite tant en lecture qu’en production, pour mieux cerner les causes de l’échec des collégiens et lycéens du Mali. Travail d’observation, de description et d’analyse, cette thèse a pour objectif majeur d’examiner un problème crucial enmilieu scolaire qu’elle soupçonne d’être la cause des taux élevés d’échec et de difficultés d’insertion socio-professionnelle au sortir du système scolaire.La recherche porte sur un échantillon de 120 élèves et de 25 enseignants enregistrés dans 3 collèges et 3 lycées de Bamako, Koulikoro et Mopti. L’hypothèse de base est que les collégiens et lycéens maliens savent déchiffrer l’écrit mais qu’à un certain niveau, ils n’ont pas véritablement accès au sens et ne sont pas capables de produire à l’écrit un texte cohérent ayant un sens.Des données recueillies par des questionnaires, des tests de niveau en lecture et de production à l’écrit permettront de définir avec une grande précision jusqu’à quel niveau ces publics ont accès à l’information et de déterminer leur aptitude à produire un texte écrit ayant un sens. Elles auront également pour rôle d’apporter des éléments d’information sur les rapports entre les conditions socioéconomiques des parents et les rapports à l’écrit des apprenants. / From the colonial era to our days, the malian school system has gone through various evolutions and changes throughout the course of History. Nonethless, the standards for quality education are still yet to be met. The deterioration of students’academic skills has been generating over the years a growing wave of disapproval from both students’ parents and teachers, while the media and the government keep hiding behind flattering but untruthful success indicators, in an atmosphere of self-delusion.This thesis, called « THE ACCESS TO MEANING IN READING AND WRITTEN PRODUCTION : APTITUDES AND DEFICIENCIES OF MIDDLE AND HIGH SCHOOL MALIAN STUDEN TS », offers a perspective on a concrete issue : the struggle of malian students to acquire the skill of understanding oral and/or written information, both in reading and writing context. Highlighting several possibilities regarding the causes of this phenomenon, this work of observation, description and analysis aims to shed light on this very specific issue. Students difficulties to acquire reading and writing skills will be shown to be at the root of elevated failure rates and subsequent social and professional difficulties man students will face at the end of their school years.This research was conducted on a sample of 120 students and 25 teachers registered in 3 middle schools and 3 high schools in Bamako, Koulikoro and Mopti. The analysis is based on the hypothesis that both middle school and high school students know how to decipher written signs. However, we will show that, on some level, a majority of them is unable to truly get access to the meaning of words and sentences, and thus are not in capacity of producing neither meaningful, nor coherent texts.The data, gathered through surveys, oral and written tests, will allow us to determine to what extent the observed population is able to get access to information through reading, and will help us evaluate their ability to produce a written text making sense. Through the analysis of this same sample, we will demonstrate the correlation between the social and economic conditions of the parents and the writing skills of the students.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-01-04T10:52:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ronnyalexliboriodossantos.pdf: 1083029 bytes, checksum: 591670fd22a17e09f5f6fd62b4c3da02 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-01-31T10:32:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ronnyalexliboriodossantos.pdf: 1083029 bytes, checksum: 591670fd22a17e09f5f6fd62b4c3da02 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-31T10:32:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ronnyalexliboriodossantos.pdf: 1083029 bytes, checksum: 591670fd22a17e09f5f6fd62b4c3da02 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-19 / Esse trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a influência da adaptação discente sobre o fracasso escolar do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental (EF) da Escola Estadual Geógrafo Milton Santos (EEGMS) pertencente à Coordenadoria Distrital 03 da rede estadual de ensino do Amazonas. A adaptação discente durante as transições entre os ciclos escolares constituiu o recorte entre as causas do fracasso escolar para nortear as análises desse problema entre os alunos que ingressam no 6º ano do EF. O fracasso escolar foi materializado no trabalho pelos índices de reprovações dos últimos quatro anos (2010 a 2014), que deram a dimensão do problema dentro do cenário educacional brasileiro. Tais percentuais, por conseguinte, serviram como indícios dos possíveis problemas que acometem os alunos durante seu ingresso no 6º ano do EF. Assim, a seguinte pergunta direcionou o estudo: quais os principais problemas acarretados pelo processo de transição dos alunos do 5º para o 6º ano do EF na escola EEGMS? A metodologia utilizada para a execução da pesquisa tem uma abordagem qualitativa e foi realizada a partir de um estudo de caso. A pesquisa contou com instrumentos de coleta de dados a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas, análise documental e pesquisa bibliográfica, a qual apresentou o posicionamento de autores que discutem a adaptação discente, a transição entre os ciclos escolares e o fracasso escolar. Tal processo deu suporte para as análises da adaptação discente sobre o fracasso escolar no 6º ano do EF, considerando o processo de transição entre os ciclos. O resultado da pesquisa serviu de aporte para a construção de um Plano de Ação Educacional, que visa ajudar a escola investigada a diminuir o impacto das transições escolares, principalmente em relação ao início dos anos finais do EF, pois esses impactos têm reflexo direto na continuidade e na conclusão da trajetória escolar dos alunos. / This study aims to examine the influence of student adaptation in school failure of the 6th grade of Elementary School (EF) from Escola Estadual Geógrafo Milton Santos (EEGMS) wich belongs to the District Coordination 03 of the state of Amazonas education system. Student’s adaptation during transitions between school cycles were the cut between the causes of school failure to guide the analysis of this problem among students entering the 6th grade of Elementary School (EF). School failure was embodied in work by failing rates of the last four years (2010-2014) which gave the size of the problem within the Brazilian educational scenario. These percentages therefore served as evidence of the possible problems that affect students for their entry in the 6th grader of Elementary School (EF). The question that guided the study: What are the main problems posed by the transition from the 5th to the 6th grades students from Elementary School at school EEGMS? The methodology used to conduct the research has a qualitative approach and was carried out from a case study. The research included data collection instruments from semi-structured interviews, document analysis and literature, which presented the position of authors who discuss student adaptation, the transition between school cycles and school failure. This process gave support for the analysis of student adaptation of school failure in the 6th grade of Elementary School considering the process of transition between cycles. The survey results served as a contribution to the construction of an Educational Action Plan, which aims to help the investigated school to reduce the impact of school transitions, especially from the beginning of the final years of the Elementary School, since these impacts have a direct impact on continuity and completion of school life of students.

I detta projekt behandlas ämnet misslyckande i relation till mitt framförande av stycket Failing: a very difficult piece for double bass, skrivet av Tom Johnson år 1975. Stycket består av musik för solokontrabas som även har en textrad som ska läsas samtidigt som musiken spelas. Detta med syftet att framföraren ska misslyckas med sitt framträdande. Stycket Failing sätter praxis för att spela musik på sin spets, då det blir oklart vad vi egentligen är ute efter i spelandet. I denna uppsats gör jag ett försök att reda ut hur musikaliska misslyckanden fungerar, samt hur min inställning till misslyckanden kan påverka mitt spelande. Detta sker genom reflektion och begreppsliga resonemang, med vissa referenser till litteratur inom psykologin. Slutsatsen är att jag så länge jag gör ett kvalificerat försök att spela Failing, så kan jag inte misslyckas med mitt framträdande. Detta synsätt leder till minskad prestationsångest vilket kan ge en förhöjd publikupplevelse. Det kan finnas värde i att applicera de begrepp jag kommit fram till på framtida framträdanden, eller fortsätta projektet att skapa tydliga begrepp kring musikaliska framträdanden. / <p><strong>Konsertprogram</strong></p><p>J.S. Bach: <em>Allemande</em> ur Cellosvit nr. 3</p><p>A. Desenclos: <em>Aria</em> ur Aria et Rondo</p><p>S. Koussevitzky: Konsert för kontrabas, Op. 3</p><p>T. Johnson: <em>Failing: a very difficult piece for double bass</em><em></em></p><p><strong>Medverkande</strong></p><p>Joel Hedtjärn, solokontrabas</p><p>Katarina Ström-Harg, piano</p>

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-03-22T14:38:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tadeulucenadasilva.pdf: 1864972 bytes, checksum: 2b49c8b8e9c16fa97372846678d8c966 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T02:24:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tadeulucenadasilva.pdf: 1864972 bytes, checksum: 2b49c8b8e9c16fa97372846678d8c966 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T02:24:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tadeulucenadasilva.pdf: 1864972 bytes, checksum: 2b49c8b8e9c16fa97372846678d8c966 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-14 / A Rede Federal de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (RFEPT) recebe milhares de matrículas todos os anos. Contudo, pouco menos de 40% dos alunos dos cursos técnicos conseguem concluir o curso escolhido, de acordo com dados do Sistema Nacional de Informações da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (Sistec). Essa baixa Taxa de Conclusão (TC) é explicada, na RFEPT, devido à alta Taxa de Evasão e de Retenção de alguns cursos técnicos. As evasões e as retenções têm várias causas, que podem ser externas e internas. A revisão bibliográfica demonstrou que os fatores externos são de natureza socioeconômica e os internos, de ordem pedagógica. As análises estatísticas ajudaram a identificar as regiões e Institutos com problemas nessas taxas, demonstrando uma correlação negativa entre a Taxa de Conclusão e a renda per capita, bem como entre Taxa de Conclusão e o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH), ou seja, quanto maior a Taxa de Conclusão, menor a renda per capita e o IDH do município. No desenvolvimento deste estudo, realizado na Secretaria de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (Setec), foram identificados os cursos com baixa Taxa de Conclusão e os fatores que possam ter influenciado tal dado. Por meio dessas informações, apresentou-se um projeto de intervenção, com as medidas a serem implementadas pela Setec e pelos Institutos, visando solucionar as principais causas da evasão e da retenção. Este projeto, denominado Plano de Ações Integradas de Combate à Evasão e Reprovação (Paicer), será regulamentado por uma portaria, composto de ações a) preventivas; b) de monitoramento, para detectar precocemente os alunos em risco de evasão ou retenção e identificar o motivo desses episódios; c) corretivas, com o convite aos alunos evadidos para retornar ou a manter-se no Instituto aqueles com risco de evasão. Com essas ações, será possível o aumento paulatino da Taxa de Conclusão, podendo chegar a 80% em sete anos. / The Federal Network for Professional Education and Technology (RFEPT) receives thousands of files every year. However, fewer than 40% of students in technical courses can complete the course chosen, according to data from the National System of Technological Education (Sistec). This low completion rate (TC) is explained in RFEPT, due to high rate of evasion and Retention some technical courses. The dropouts and retentions have several causes, which can be external and internal. The literature review showed that external factors are socioeconomic in nature and internal pedagogical order. Statistical analysis helped identify regions and Institutes with problems in these rates, showing a negative correlation between completion rate and per capita income, as well as between completion rate and the Human Development Index (HDI), in others words, the higher the Completion Rate, lowest income per capita and the HDI of the municipality. In developing this study, conducted in the Department of Professional and Technical Education (Setec) identified courses with low completion rate and factors that may have influenced this data. Through this information, presented an intervention project with the measures to be implemented by Setec and the Institutes, aiming at solving the main causes of dropout and retention. This project, called the Integrated Action Plan to Combat Evasion and Failure (Paicer), will be regulated by an ordinance, consisting of actions a) prevention, b) monitoring for early detection of students at risk of dropout or retention and to identify the reason these episodes c) corrective, with the invitation to dropout students to return or remain at the Institute those with risk avoidance. With these actions, it is possible the gradual increase in the completion rate, reaching 80% in seven years.

No description available.

Le domaine aéronautique connait de nos jours un engouement sans précédent autour de l’avion plus électrique. L’importance du nombre d’équipements électriques est à un tel point que l’amélioration de leur fiabilité devient incontournable. Actuellement, les composants passifs occupent 75 % des éléments électroniques utilisés en avionique dont la moitié correspond à des condensateurs. Ces derniers doivent donc répondre aux exigences environnementales avioniques assez contraignantes. C’est dans ce contexte que nous nous sommes intéressés particulièrement à l’étude des condensateurs à technologie film utilisant le polypropylène ou le polyester comme diélectrique. Afin de mieux comprendre le comportement fréquentiel de cette technologie, deux modèles fins de condensateurs films ont été développés, permettant ainsi de suivre les évolutions de leurs grandeurs électriques dans des conditions cohérentes avec l’application. Dans un deuxième temps, l’effet des contraintes en tension et en température constantes a été étudié sous la forme de facteurs d’accélération du vieillissement. Cela a été établi par l’intermédiaire de plusieurs essais, permettant d’établir les lois d’évolutions temporelles des paramètres électriques des condensateurs. Comme ces contraintes constantes ne sont pas toujours représentatives des conditions réelles d’utilisation, les cinétiques de dégradation ont été comparées à celles où les condensateurs sont sollicités par de fortes ondulations de courant, seules ou associées à une tension continue. Enfin, la dernière partie de notre travail expose l’utilisation des données expérimentales issues des essais de vieillissement dans un objectif de diagnostic en ligne. Les techniques utilisées assurent l'analyse de la dégradation de ces composants, étape essentielle dans la prédiction de l’état de santé des condensateurs en ligne / Nowadays, aeronautic research field is moving towards a more electric aircraft. Although this evolutionary path offers many advantages from a financial and ecological point of view, the increased power source usage sets additional constraints on the different electrical systems used onboard. Currently, passive components occupy 75% of the overall electronic equipments used in avionics, whose 50% corresponds to capacitors. Consequently, these latter must be able to withstand the harsh avionic operating conditions. In this thesis we were particularly interested in the study of metallized film capacitors technology using polyester or polypropylene as dielectric. A first approach consisted on the modeling of these components as function of frequency in order to study the evolution of their electrical parameters under consistent avionic stresses. These models were also developed on the purpose of tracking the degradation of the capacitors parameters over time. This operation was done by the means of accelerated floating ageing tests, where capacitors were subjected to different constant voltages and temperatures. Original capacitance ageing laws were thus proposed based on the identification of voltage and temperature degradation kinetics. However, since traditional floating ageing tests, do not reflects the normal ageing of the component, degradation kinetics of metallized films capacitors under high ripple currents, alone or combined with a DC voltage across the devices terminals where also studied, and the associated failure mechanisms were identified. A final step consisted on the health monitoring of metallized film capacitors online based on the experimental ageing data

This study explored pre-existing quantitative data for 55 students when they were in the seventh grade who eventually attended a continuation high school years later. There were 101 students at a particular continuation high school, and this research explored pre-existing data looking solely at the students who were in the same district while they were in seventh grade. Attendance and grades from the pre-existing data in the district’s software system were analyzed using a descriptive methodology followed by a cluster analysis through SPSS. Attendance findings for the 55 students revealed that nine students (16%) were absent with a frequency of 10 or more days in each semester. Reasons given for some absences were bereavement for four students (7%) and suspensions for 10 students (18%). Eight out of these 10 students (80%) declined in their grades from the first semester to the second semester. Overall, 33 students (60%) declined in their grades from the first semester to the second semester regardless. Findings related to grades looked at the number of Fs over the two semesters of the seventh-grade school year and at the number of Fs earned in each course. Forty-four students (80%) earned at least one F either semester. Language Arts was the highest failed academic class second semester, with 32 out of 55 students (58%), and Computer Applications was the highest failed elective class for 5 out of 9 students (56%) who took this class second semester. Other findings related to grades were that 0 students (0%) failed only the elective, and only 2 students (4%) failed Physical Education. Additional findings through cluster analysis revealed a connection between failing an elective in combination with failing Language Arts: 81.8% first semester (9 out of 11 students) and 83.3% second semester (5 out of 6 students). Using a cross-tabulation, the highest pattern between the two semesters was for 10 students of the overall 55 (18%) with no Fs both semesters, and the second-highest pattern was for 6 students (11%) with no Fs first semester and 1 F second semester.