Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-11-03T20:42:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseEdsonDeAlmeidaJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 6070806 bytes, checksum: b15852e13e5be71af8ab041cf03063b8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-11-17T00:14:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseEdsonDeAlmeidaJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 6070806 bytes, checksum: b15852e13e5be71af8ab041cf03063b8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-17T00:14:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseEdsonDeAlmeidaJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 6070806 bytes, checksum: b15852e13e5be71af8ab041cf03063b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-18 / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a avalia??o multitemporal de curto prazo da retra??o numa fal?sia da Forma??o Barreiras, na ?rea do Centro de Lan?amento Barreira do Inferno (CLBI), localizada no litoral oriental do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (RN). Os estudos foram conduzidos entre agosto de 2016 e fevereiro de 2017, com a utiliza??o do Laser Esc?ner Terrestre (LT), aparelho que utiliza o pulso laser para fazer o mapeamento da fal?sia. A primeira etapa do estudo usou os dados da nuvem de pontos levantada em 21 de agosto de 2016, para a constru??o de 10 Modelos Digitais do Terreno (MDT) em quatro diferentes softwares, para a sele??o do m?todo interpolador que melhor representa a superf?cie estudada. A segunda etapa consistiu na caracteriza??o da fal?sia quanto ao seu principal indutor erosivo, atrav?s da utiliza??o de 30 perfis transversais a face da fal?sia obtidos a partir dos MDTs, gerados na etapa anterior, resultando numa subdivis?o da fal?sia em 5 setores de acordo com esta caracteriza??o. As avalia??es e quantifica??o da eros?o total e da taxa de retra??o foram conduzidas a partir da compara??o entre os MDTs e perfis transversais gerados em cada um dos levantamentos. Os resultados mostraram que a fal?sia apresentou uma retra??o de aproximadamente 6 cm com uma eros?o total de 333 m? no per?odo de estudo. O resultado tamb?m mostrou a import?ncia de se avaliar a confiabilidade da nuvem de pontos com rela??o a presen?a de vazios, ocasionados por sombreamentos durante os levantamentos, que podem ser fontes de erros significativos. O estudo desta fal?sia se faz importante por ser o primeiro a utilizar o LT neste tipo de forma??o, como tamb?m por representar uma nova ferramenta para o entendimento da din?mica costeira. / This research aims a short-term multi-temporal evaluation of the seacliff retreat of the Barreiras Formation, in the Barreira do Inferno Launch Center (CLBI, in Portuguese) located in the eastern coast of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil. The studies were conducted between August 2016 and February 2017 through a Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), which is equipment that utilizes a pulsed laser to map seacliffs face. The first phase of the study used the point cloud generated on August 21, 2016, for the construction of 10 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) via four different softwares for selecting the interpolation method that best represents the studied surface. The second phase was the description of the seacliff according to its main erosive cause through 30 transversal seacliff face profiles obtained through the DEM generated in the previous phase. It led to a subdivision of the seacliff in 5 segments according to its description. The evaluation and quantification of the net erosion and the retreat rate were conducted through comparing the DEMs with the transversal profiles generated. The results expressed that the seacliff had a retreat of approximately 6 centimeters with a net erosion of 333 m? during the study period. It was also observed the importance of evaluating the reliability of the point cloud because of the presence of blanks due to the shading during the data collection, which may cause significant errors. The evaluation of this seacliff was relevant not only because it was the first to be done through TLS in this type of formation, but also because it represents a new way for understanding the coast dynamic.

International Maritime Organisation (IMO) har under många år arbetat för att förenkla och harmonisera det administrativa arbetet för fartyg vid hamnanlöp från internationell resa. Syftet har varit att minimera data och förenkla deklarationer och dokument som skall rapporteras till myndigheter i det land som fartyget anlöper. Den senaste åtgärden som gjorts i Europa är EU direktivet 2010/65/EU så kallat Maritime Single Window (MSW). I studien undersöks effekterna av införandet MSW inom EU sett från operatörer knutna till svensk sjöfart. Detta har gjorts i form av en surveyundersökning bestående av ett frågeformulär med totalt 20 frågor. Det genomfördes även semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer för att styrka och jämföra respondenternas svar av frågeformuläret. Resultatet visar att införandet av MSW har medfört en generell ökad arbetsbörda för användarna. Studiens slutsats är att arbetsbördan har ökat till följd av införandet av direktivet, då syftet med direktivet att förenkla och harmonisera inrapportering av fartyg till myndigheter vid hamnanlöp från internationell resa inte helt uppnåtts. / International Maritime Organisation (IMO) have for many years worked to simplify and harmonise the reporting formalities for ships leaving and entering ports in international voyages. The purpose has been to minimize the amount of data and to simplify declarations and documents required port states. The latest action taken in Europe is the EU directive 2010/65/EU so called Maritime Single Window (MSW). This study examine the effects and change in work since Maritime Single Window was implemented in Europe for users connected to the Swedish maritime sector. A survey investigation form was used as method and presented as a questionnaire form with a total nr of 20 questions. Semi structured qualitative interviews were also conducted to compare and confirm the results from the questionnaire form. The study shows that the directive 2010/65/EU has resulted in general increased work for users of Maritime Single Window. The conclusion of the study shows that the increased work is generated by a not yet fulfilled purpose of the directive to harmonise and simplify reporting formalities for ships leaving and entering ports in international voyages.

To achieve a National Senior Certification, all South African candidates must select two official South African languages, one on Home Language (HL) level and another on First Additional Language (FAL) level. With the FAL often being a language in which the learner commonly lacks comprehension or assistance at home and therefore becomes subject to motivational barriers, additional support from the teacher is necessary. With additional barriers such as time constraints in completing the curriculum, teachers need to explore alternative paths to supply students with the necessary support. Previous research recognises the success of computer-based interventions in STEM subjects, but few studies have been done to establish the viability of similar interventions in FAL teaching. This research is focused on establishing whether these can be successfully implemented by Afrikaans FAL teachers to extend language learning and alleviate issues such as motivational barriers and time constraints, while improving vocabulary, comprehension and grammatical application. A computer-based intervention focused on learning complex Afrikaans language structures was offered to a group of Gr 7 Afrikaans FAL learners, after which the researcher engaged in interviews with participants. Additional comparative data was acquired through pre- and post-intervention surveys. A qualitative research approach was followed to better understand specific aspects affecting participants’ opinions of the viability of the intervention regarding the application of the technology, covering of the academic content and design of the intervention. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Science, Mathematics and Technology Education / MEd / Unrestricted

Försäkringstagarens aktsamhetskrav skiljer sig för olika slags egendomsförsäkringar där försäkringsvillkor för brand, vattenutströmning, inbrott samt rån har studerats i denna framställning. Aktsamhetskraven kan exempelvis ge uttryck för hur en anställd i ett företag ska agera eller hur försiktig denne bör vara för att försärsäkringsersättning ska utgå vid en inträffad skada. Försäkringsbolagen har stora möjligheter att utforma villkoren och därmed välja hur höga krav det ska ställas på den försäkrade. Bolagen kan även välja att lägga över bevisbördan på försäkringstagaren för att ett försäkringsfall har inträffat samt reglera vilka personer i ett företag som ska likställas med den försäkrade. Det finns även biförpliktelser i FAL som försäkringstagaren ska ta hänsyn till för att inte riskera att försäkringsersättningen sätts ned eller uteblir helt. Efter nya FAL infördes bland annat den så kallade omfattningsbestämmelsen i 8 kap. 16 § 2 st. FAL. Bestämmelsen tillåter som huvudregel inte att försäkringsbolagen får ställa krav på den försäkrades beteende i villkor som beskriver försäkringens omfattning. Ett omdiskuterat begrepp som framför allt förekommer i allriskförsäkringen, och som uppställs som ett omfattningsvillkor, är oförutsedd skada. Att försäkringstagarens aktsamhet har betydelse för att avgöra om en skada varit oförutsedd, är inte förenligt med gällande rätt. Dessutom kan kravet till stor del jämföras med FAL:s uppställda förpliktelse att inte framkalla ett försäkringsfall, vilket medför att ett sådant krav kan ses som obefogat. Det finns även andra tvivelaktiga formuleringar i försäkringsvillkoren. Tillämpningen av omfattningsbestämmelsen är i stort behov av att tydliggöras, för att inte riskera att det ställs oskäliga krav på försäkringstagaren i förhållande till egendomsförsäkringens ändamål. Det är inte rimligt om försäkringsskyddet hade uteslutit alla skador som grundar sig i någon form av oaktsamhet hos den försäkrade. Ett skäl till att ett företag väljer att teckna en försäkring är för att tillåtas att göra misstag, utan att det föranleder att försäkringsbolaget står fritt från ansvar.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:33:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 425646.pdf: 60020 bytes, checksum: ed60bffcd034623d4a4b89e2a1e83a09 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-28 / O presente estudo tem a finalidade de apresentar a grande discuss?o doutrin?ria acerca da possibilidade ou n?o da fal?ncia das Empresas P?blicas e das sociedades de economia mista. A Lei n.? 11.101/95 (Lei de Fal?ncias), trouxe em seu art. 2?, inciso I, a impossibilidade da fal?ncia dessas paraestatais. Todavia, na contram?o dessa Lei infraconstitucional, existe sustenta??o hermen?utica baseada em dispositivo constitucional, no art. 173 da CF, que possibilitaria a fal?ncia dessas empresas p?blicas da administra??o indireta. ? uma tentativa, com efeito, de destacar os aspectos mais relevantes desse assunto, uma vez que a discuss?o jur?dica em comento ? muito complexa, e poucos se aventuraram a debru?ar-se sobre o tema. Trata-se, assim, uma quest?o insuficientemente apreciada pela doutrina e pela jurisprud?ncia.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-04T11:45:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Waldemar_Fernandes.pdf: 418198 bytes, checksum: 605a79d35ac83b498fe7925457b2051e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-11-10 / The present research aims at identifying and analyzing the characteristics of the new Bankruptcy Law which shall produce significant effects to the forensic accounting activity. First, definitions and concepts about expertise and accounting expertise are presented, followed by a description of the historical evolution of the Accounting Expertise in Brazil, from 'The Opening of the Harbors' in 1808 to present days. Then, it is presented the international references about bankruptcy legislation in three developed countries (The United States, Germany and France) and in two developing countries (Argentina and Mexico), identifying the pertinent similarities among them on the accounting expert job and the Brazilian bankrupt rules. Next a discussion on the published articles in the national press, since 2002, about the project of the new Bankruptcy Law, still to be approved in the National Congress, has been carried out. It is followed by reports about the concordats, bankruptcies and bankrupt crimes according to the current Bankruptcy Legislation. In relation to the new Bankruptcy Law, first, an analysis about the Bill No. 4.376/93 approved by the Federal Congress in October 15, 2003 is presented, followed by the analysis of the project that has replaced it in the Senate, named Bill of the Congress No 71 (Substitutive) of 2003, identifying, in both text, not clear and technically precise items that express unfavorable characteristics that shall produce significant effects to the accounting expert activity. Moreover, for the results of these analyses to become more significant, and to reach the proposed aim of this research, the opinions of the accounting experts, specially related to Bankruptcy and concordats were heard and considered, aiming at gathering data about the characteristics of the new Bankruptcy Law, that shall cause impact on the accounting expert activity. In this sense, the methodological approach used in the present research is characterized, concerning type, as a descriptive research; concerning strategy, it is characterized as an indirect documental field research and bibliographic research in texts which provide support to achieve the proposed aim. The research was carried out with the accounting experts listed in the database of the Associa????o dos Peritos Judiciais do Estado de S??o Paulo (APEJESP)'s site of 2004, February. 50% of the sample was randomly selected, but 18 subjects of the sample returned the questionnaires. The answers were analyzed according to the descriptive statistics, using frequency charts. Through the analysis, it was concluded that the legal items in the project of the new Bankruptcy Law, in a not consistent and favorable way, shall produce significant effects in the accounting expert activity. / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar e analisar as caracter??sticas contidas na nova Lei de Fal??ncias que poder??o produzir efeitos significativos na atividade pericial cont??bil. Inicialmente s??o apresentadas as defini????es e conceitua????es de per??cia e de per??cia cont??bil, seguindo-se com uma descri????o da evolu????o hist??rica da Per??cia Cont??bil no Brasil, abrangendo o per??odo desde a Abertura dos Portos em 1808 at?? os dias atuais. Na seq????ncia apresentam-se as refer??ncias internacionais sobre legisla????o de fal??ncias de tr??s pa??ses desenvolvidos (Estados Unidos, Alemanha e Fran??a) e de dois pa??ses em desenvolvimento (Argentina e M??xico), identificando-se as semelhan??as pertinentes ao trabalho pericial cont??bil entre eles e o regime falimentar brasileiro. Efetua-se tamb??m uma abordagem sobre as mat??rias publicadas pela imprensa nacional, a partir de 2002, acerca do projeto da Nova Lei de Fal??ncias, ainda em discuss??o no Congresso Nacional. Segue-se com relatos sobre as concordatas, fal??ncias e crimes falimentares, consoante a legisla????o de fal??ncias ainda em vig??ncia no pa??s. A respeito do projeto da nova Lei de Fal??ncias, apresenta-se num primeiro momento uma an??lise sobre o Projeto de Lei n?? 4.376/93 aprovado pela C??mara Federal em 15 de outubro de 2003, seguindo-se com an??lise do projeto que o substituiu no Senado, designado de Projeto de Lei da C??mara n?? 71 (Substitutivo), de 2003, identificando-se em ambos os textos dispositivos n??o claros e tecnicamente precisos que expressam caracter??sticas desfavor??veis que poder??o produzir efeitos significativos na atividade pericial cont??bil. Entretanto, para que os resultados dessas an??lises se tornassem ainda mais significativos, e para atingir o objetivo proposto no trabalho, buscou-se as opini??es de profissionais atuantes na ??rea de per??cia cont??bil, especialmente ??s relacionadas com fal??ncias e concordatas, com o fito de reunir dados sobre as caracter??sticas da nova lei de fal??ncias que poder??o impactar a atividade pericial cont??bil. Neste sentido, a abordagem metodol??gica adotada no presente estudo caracteriza-se, quanto ao tipo, como uma pesquisa descritiva; quanto a estrat??gia, caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa de campo, documental indireta e bibliogr??fica em textos que servem de apoio para atingir o objetivo proposto. A pesquisa recaiu sobre a popula????o de peritos contadores cadastrados no banco de dados do s??tio da Associa????o dos Peritos Judiciais do Estado de S??o Paulo (APEJESP), em fevereiro de 2004, os quais 50% (cinq??enta por cento) deles foram selecionados atrav??s de amostragem aleat??ria, sedo que 18 (dezoito) sujeitos da amostra deram retorno dos question??rios enviados. Mediante as respostas obtidas e em conformidade com o plano de an??lise dos dados, o presente trabalho de pesquisa usou a estat??stica descritiva para analisar os dados, utilizando-se de tabelas de freq????ncia, sendo ent??o poss??vel concluir que os dispositivos legais contidos no projeto da nova lei de fal??ncias, de maneira n??o consistente e favor??vel, poder??o produzir efeitos significativos na atividade pericial cont??bil.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-13T19:58:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GeailsonSoaresPereira_DISSERT.pdf: 1582105 bytes, checksum: dcf50b5a7c4baad76384233f4e805704 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-02-15T22:27:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GeailsonSoaresPereira_DISSERT.pdf: 1582105 bytes, checksum: dcf50b5a7c4baad76384233f4e805704 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-15T22:27:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GeailsonSoaresPereira_DISSERT.pdf: 1582105 bytes, checksum: dcf50b5a7c4baad76384233f4e805704 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-25 / Estuda os limites e fundamentos da aplica??o do instituto Cram Down para fins de concretiza??o do princ?pio da preserva??o da empresa no Estado Democr?tico de Direito. Descreve os tr?s modelos de Estado e suas origens no direito costumeiro da Antiguidade. Exp?e as dimens?es cumulativas de direito fundamentais caracterizadoras de cada um dos modelos de Estado. Ressalta a import?ncia da Hermen?utica Jur?dica para a interpreta??o e concretiza??o do princ?pio da preserva??o da empresa via Cram Down, especialmente em aten??o aos princ?pios da seguran?a jur?dica, da propriedade privada e da fun??o social da propriedade. Enfatiza que os m?todos cl?ssicos de interpreta??o das normas jur?dicas, assim como os novos m?todos hermen?uticos e escolas hermern?uticas s?o insuficientes para a compreens?o do fen?meno jur?dico se n?o observadas a coer?ncia e a integridade do sistema jur?dico. Ressalta a evolu??o do direito concursal, especialmente para demonstrar a mitiga??o do car?ter repressivo e ado??o de institutos que permitem a recupera??o do devedor. Compara o direito concursal atual de v?rios pa?ses para averiguar se adotam o instituto do Cram Down. Conclui que a concess?o da Recupera??o Judicial pela via do Cram Down, atendidos os requisitos legais, ? um dever do juiz e n?o uma mera conveni?ncia. / This study has as its scope the limits and grounds of the Cram Down, legal institute whose purpose is to bring efficacy to the principle of preservation of economic activities in the Rule of Law. Firstly, it describes the three different types of State and their origin in Ancient costumary law. Furthermore, it elicits cumulative dimensions of fundamental rights that characterize each one of them. Moreover, it stresses the importance of Legal Hermeneutics to best interpret and bind that institute, especially in order to enforce legal certainty, private property and the social function of property. It emphasizes that neither classic methods of legal norm interpretation nor the latest hermeneutics models and schools will be enough to best comprehend legal phenomena if the legal system?s coherence and integrity are not complied with. It also draws attention to the evolution of bankruptcy law, especially in order to demonstrate the mitigation of its repressive character and the adoption of institutes that allow the debtor?s recovery. In addition, it makes a study of comparative law on the bankruptcy law of a number of countries by means of ascertain if they adopt the Cram Down. Its conclusion denotes the Cram Down as a duty of the judge, and not mere convenience, as long as its legal requirements are met.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-06-02T22:25:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 NathaliaMarinhoBarbosa_DISSERT.pdf: 5916722 bytes, checksum: 23ebb525979e506e69d2ca101608e58b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-06-08T22:06:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 NathaliaMarinhoBarbosa_DISSERT.pdf: 5916722 bytes, checksum: 23ebb525979e506e69d2ca101608e58b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-08T22:06:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NathaliaMarinhoBarbosa_DISSERT.pdf: 5916722 bytes, checksum: 23ebb525979e506e69d2ca101608e58b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / Esta Disserta??o trata da obten??o das propriedades geot?cnicas de sedimentos da Forma??o Barreiras e da an?lise da estabilidade das fal?sias localizadas no Centro de Lan?amentos da Barreira do Inferno, munic?pio de Parnamirim, no estado Rio Grande do Norte. ?reas costeiras despertam um grande interesse pela popula??o em geral e empreendimentos nessas regi?es s?o bastante comuns, fazendo com que os processos erosivos precisem ser estudados a fim de proporcionar um maior entendimento dos fatores que influenciam na estabilidade das fal?sias e consequentemente na sua seguran?a. O local de estudo em quest?o, por ser uma ?rea militar protegida, encontra-se completamente livre de interfer?ncias humanas e sem nenhuma edifica??o em seu topo, fazendo com que as an?lises sejam representativas de condi??es naturais impostas aos taludes estudados. As atividades desenvolvidas durante a elabora??o desta disserta??o est?o agrupadas em quatro etapas: revis?o bibliogr?fica, trabalhos de campo, ensaios de laborat?rio e an?lise da estabilidade das fal?sias. Atrav?s de visitas realizadas na ?rea de estudo, foram colhidas informa??es necess?rias para a posterior obten??o dos perfis cr?ticos das fal?sias para an?lise de estabilidade. Foram observados que os perfis em geral n?o s?o ?ngremes, com a presen?a de incis?o basal em alguns trechos. Verificou-se nas an?lises que as tens?es de tra??o atuantes apresentam valores baixos. O principal mecanismo respons?vel por deflagrar os processos de instabilidade ? o aumento parcial da satura??o dos solos ocasionado pelas precipita??es pluviom?tricas, o que diminui sua resist?ncia e gera movimentos de massa. Pelos ensaios realizados observou-se que o intercepto de coes?o dos solos saturados ? em torno de 26% do valor obtido para os solos no teor de umidade natural. Contudo, os ?ngulos de atrito em ambos os casos sofrem inexpressivas varia??es. Concluiu-se que a presen?a da incis?o basal n?o apresentou efeitos significativos na redu??o da estabilidade nas configura??es analisadas pelos m?todos por Equil?brio-Limite, enquanto que pela an?lise de tens?es observa-se um aumento de tens?es de tra??o na face da se??o. O estudo da an?lise de estabilidade realizado neste trabalho representou efetivamente os tipos de ruptura observados nas fal?sias do litoral do Rio Grande do Norte, sendo bem mais coerentes que os obtidos pelos m?todos tradicionais. / This Dissertation treat of obtaining geotechnical properties of sediments of Barreiras Formation and the stability analysis of the cliffs located at the Barreira do Inferno Launches Center, Parnamirim, Rio Grande do Norte State. Coastal areas attracts great interest for the population in general, and developments in these regions are quite common, causing erosive processes to be studied in order to provide a better understanding of the factors influencing the Stability of the cliffs and consequently their safety. The study site in question, being a protected military area, is completely free of human interference and without any edification at its top, making the analysis representative of natural conditions imposed on the slopes studied. The activities developed during the elaboration of this dissertation are grouped in four stages: bibliographic revision, fieldwork, laboratory tests and stability analysis of the cliffs. Based on visits accomplished in situ, information was collected for the subsequent retrieval of the critical profiles of the cliffs for stability analysis. It was observed that the profiles in general aren?t steep, with the presence of basal incision in some areas. It was verified in analyzes that the tensile tensions acting are low. The main mechanism responsible for triggering the instability processes is the partial increase of soil saturation caused by rainfall, which decreases its resistance and generates mass movements. From the tests carried out, it was observed that the cohesion intercept of the saturated soils is around 26% of the obtained value in the natural moisture content. However, the angles of friction in both cases suffer inexpressive variations It was concluded that the presence of the basal incision had no significant effect on the reduction of stability in the configurations analyzed by the limit equilibrium methods, while stress analysis showed an increase in tensile stresses on the face of the section. The study of the stability analysis performed in this work effectively represented the types of rupture observed in the cliffs of the coast of Rio Grande do Norte, being more coherent than those obtained by traditional methods.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-08-01T14:23:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DavidEstebanDiazTaquez_DISSERT.pdf: 7145002 bytes, checksum: 2a1f458f6497c91f6d0d59a582626468 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-08-08T12:39:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DavidEstebanDiazTaquez_DISSERT.pdf: 7145002 bytes, checksum: 2a1f458f6497c91f6d0d59a582626468 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T12:39:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DavidEstebanDiazTaquez_DISSERT.pdf: 7145002 bytes, checksum: 2a1f458f6497c91f6d0d59a582626468 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-30 / Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar as condi??es de susceptibilidade a ocorr?ncia de movimentos de massas e a estabilidade de encostas do Centro de Lan?amentos da Barreira do Inferno (CLBI), mediante o m?todo da redu??o da resist?ncia ou SRM (Strength Reduction Method), sob condi??es n?o saturadas no Nordeste de Brasil. Para a an?lise da susceptibilidade a ocorr?ncia de movimentos de massas foi utilizada a metodologia de processo de an?lise hier?rquica ou AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) em combina??o com o uso dos sistemas de informa??o geogr?fica SIG. A determina??o dos par?metros de resist?ncia dos solos, foi realizado atrav?s de ensaios de compress?o triaxial tipo CU em condi??es saturadas, e ensaios de compress?o triaxial tipo CW para a condi??o de umidade residual. Para a determina??o das curvas de reten??o dos solos foi usado o m?todo do papel filtro, e as equa??es de Chandler et al. (1992) e posteriormente foi realizado o ajuste das curvas de reten??o pelo m?todo de Van Genuchten (1980). A partir dos resultados de ensaios triaxiais, foi ent?o, realizada a previs?o da resist?ncia ao cisalhamento dos solos n?o saturados a partir do modelo hiperb?lico proposto por Vilar (2007). A partir das se??es suscept?veis ? ocorr?ncia dos movimentos de massa e dos par?metros de resist?ncia dos solos estudados, foram realizadas an?lises da estabilidade das encostas a fim de quantificar o fator de seguran?a das mesmas. O m?todo utilizado nas an?lises de estabilidade foi o SRM, implementado no Software OPTUM, considerando diferentes condi??es de satura??o, a saber: solos sob condi??o natural de campo, solo com 50% do grau de satura??o e, por fim, considerando o solo completamente saturado. Nas an?lises foram consideradas tamb?m a presen?a de camadas de solo cimentado e fendas de tra??o presentes no topo da fal?sia. Ao todo a encosta foi subdividida em tr?s solos predominantes, os quais est?o posicionados na base, na se??o intermedi?ria e no topo da fal?sia, denominados solo-1, solo-2 e solo-3, respectivamente. Estes solos foram caracterizados como areia argilosa (SC), areia Silto-Argilosa (SM), areia mal graduada (SP). Quanto as curvas de reten??o, os tr?s solos apresentam comportamento bimodal, t?picas de solos com granulometrias de material com macroporos e microporos. Finalmente os resultados obtidos destas an?lises num?ricas, foram relacionados inicialmente com o modelo de susceptibilidade produzido a partir da metodologia AHP-SIG, concluindo que este modelo encontra-se em boa concord?ncia, evidenciado pelos resultados das an?lises num?ricas e pelos vest?gios de movimentos vistos em campo. Os resultados das an?lises tamb?m foram relacionados com os tipos de movimentos de massa, concluindo que tanto os fatores geomorfol?gicos, quanto os graus de satura??o resultam em diferentes tipos de movimentos para se??es caracter?sticas pr?prias destas geomorfologias (fal?sias), verificando desta forma os movimentos sugeridos nos estudos de Santos Jr et al.(2004) e Souza J?nior (2013), onde foram relacionados tr?s tipos de perfis com diferentes morfologias e seus poss?veis movimentos de massa, tombamentos, quedas de blocos e escorregamentos. / The aim of this research is to evaluate the susceptibility conditions to the occurrence of mass movements and slope stability of the Center of Launches from Barreira do Inferno (CLBI) using the method of Strength Reduction Method ou SRM, on unsaturated conditions in the Northeast of Brazil. The analysis of the susceptibility to the occurrence of mass movements, the methodology called the Analytic Hierarchy Process was used along with the GIS geographic information systems. In order to determine the resistance parameters of the soils, triaxial compression tests were carried out under saturated conditions CU and triaxial compression tests CW were performed for the residual moisture condition. The determination of soil retention curves, the filter paper method was considered, equations by Chandler et al. (1992), and the adjustment of the retention curves developed by Van Genuchten (1980). From the results of the triaxial tests, the prediction of the shear strength of the unsaturated soils was performed using the hyperbolic model proposed by Vilar (2007). Then, from the susceptible sections to the occurrence of mass movements and the resistance parameters of the studied soils, analyzes of slope stability were applied with the intention of quantify the safety factor of the same. The method used in the stability analyzes was the SRM, implemented in the OPTUM Software, considering different saturation conditions, as follows: soil under natural field saturation condition, soil with 50% degree of saturation, and finally Completely saturated soil. The analysis also took into account the presence of layers of cemented soil and traction cracks present in the upper part of the cliff. The slope was divided into three sections with predominant soils, which were positioned at the base of the intermediate section, and at the top of the cliff, called soil-1, soil-2, and soil-3 respectively. These soils were characterized as clayey sand (SC), silty sand (SM) and poorly graded sand (SP). As for the retention curves, the three soils present bimodal behavior, typical of soils with granulometry of material with micropores and macropores. Finally, the results obtained from these numerical analyzes were initially related to the model of susceptibility produced from the AHP-GIS methodology, concluding that this model is in good agreement, evidenced by the results of the numerical analysis and by the vestiges of Movements observed in the field. The results of the numerical analyzes were also related to the types of mass movements, presenting as an outcome that both geomorphological factors and degrees of saturation result in different types of movements for the characteristic sections of these geomorphologies (cliffs). Verifying in this way the movements suggested in the studies of Santos Jr et al. (2004) and Souza Junior (2013), where three types of profiles with different morphologies and their possible mass movements, toppling, fall of blocks and landslides were related.

Enligt 4 kap. 10 § FAL:s lydelse finns en meddelandeplikt för försäkringsbolag enbart före inträffad skada. Trots detta konstaterade hovrätten i Wipdomen att en meddelandeplikt likväl kan föreligga efter inträffad skada, baserat på allmänna principer. I de fall försäkringsbolaget inte uppfyller meddelandeplikten, utan oskäligtdröjsmål, förlorar det rätten att åberopa den ansvarsbegränsande grunden. Hovrättens uppfattning har stöd i förarbeten, doktrin samt allmänna principer. Högsta domstolen meddelade inte prövningstillstånd i Wipmålet, vilket medför att försäkringsbolagen således har en hovrättsdom att förhålla sig till. Förutsatt att det skulle anses enligt gällande rätt att meddelandeplikten är utvidgad, bör försäkringsbolagen se över sin skaderegleringsverksamhet så att denna uppfyller meddelandeplikten utan oskäligt dröjsmål. Om de inte gör detta riskerar de således att förlora rätten att begränsa sitt ansvar, vilket är en vanlig invändning från försäkringsbolag vid processer vid domstol. I uppsatsen drar jag slutsatsen att en utvidgad meddelandeplikt troligen föreligger för försäkringsbolagen. För att uppnå förutsebarhet på området bör lagrummet uppdateras med en uttrycklig meddelandeplikt även efter inträffad skada. Tills det att lagstiftningen hunnit omarbetas kan det dock räcka med att Svensk Försäkring uppdaterar sina grundläggande principer för skadebehandling.