Paternal depression is an understudied topic and research connecting it to maternal gatekeeping is still in its infancy. Research has found that the marriage relationship can be associated with both depression and maternal gatekeeping. This study focuses on how these three areas are related. A subsample of the CREATE project was used including 216 couples, or 432 married parents. Two separate SEM mediational models were tested to examine father depression as a predictor of maternal gatekeeping, with marital instability as the mediator in one model and partner connectedness as the mediator in the other model. Both parent reports were used for maternal gatekeeping, marital instability, and partner connectedness. According to results, no direct association between father depression and maternal gatekeeping was found. Marital instability did not act as an effective mediator between father depression and maternal gatekeeping. However, mother reports of partner connectedness did have significant indirect effects on father depression and maternal gatekeeping. Implications suggest that therapists and researchers should examine father depression from a more wholistic family perspective. Future research should include longitudinal analyses to better understand the nature of the relationship between father depression and maternal gatekeeping.

Doctor of Philosophy / Ethnic Racial Socialization (ERS) is the process Black parents utilize to convey attitudes and beliefs about the meaning of race and ethnicity, teach their children what it means to be an ethnic/racial minority and equip their children with the skills to cope with racial discrimination (Neblett, Cooper, Banks, et. al, 2013). This process includes culture specific messages, artifacts and modeled behavior that provide a toolbox of which Black children can pull from when enduring racial experiences. Research suggests ERS has the ability to act as a protective factor against negative outcomes, such as low self-esteem, anxiety and depression among minority children (Reynold and Gonzales-Backen, 2017). In this study, I examined how particular experiences influence how Black fathers engage in ERS. This qualitative study explored how Black fathers' race-related social experiences shape their ERS processes through semi-structured interviewing. This study was informed by Critical Race Theory and Extended Family Systems Theory. Grounded Theory methodology was utilized. In this study, I aimed to address the following overarching research question: How do Black fathers' social experiences shape the way they engage in ERS with their children? Twenty-two participants from fifteen states and the District of Columbia participated in this study. The data from this study suggests that fathers' race-related social experiences regarding racism and discrimination shapes their worldviews. In turn, fathers' worldviews influence the messages transmitted to their children about living in a racially charged environment. Results from this study indicate a need to examine family processes in Black families within a context where race and racism have a more central role (James, Fine, and Rudy, 2018). Through the emphasis of Black fathers' situated context, this research highlights the social context of fathers with differing experiences and worldviews that all contribute to the ERS process. This research has implications for the field and implications for families and practitioners who work with children and families.

Sweden is a country known for its gender-equal family policies, which prompt fathers toshare childcare responsibilities with their partners. However, lots of immigrants living inSweden might face cultural clashes, if they come from countries where family norms assignfathers the role of breadwinners and mothers that of homemakers. This thesis therefore aimsat studying the experience of fatherhood in Sweden for immigrants from different culturalbackgrounds. It attempts to understand how they relate to the Swedish state's incentives, howthey navigate between their two cultures, and how their social networks influence theirexperience. The findings are presented in the form of a typology of the forms of fatherhoodthat immigrants can develop in a post-migration context. Three types were identified:Modernized-Traditional fathers, Adaptive fathers and Allowed-To-Be-New fathers. Thisresearch thus contributes to the literature on post-migration parenthood and offers insightsinto immigrants’ realities for professionals and policymakers.

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<p>This thesis examines the concept of God as Father in the thinking of two Patristic authors: Athanasius (c. 293-373) and Gregory of Nazianzus (c. 329-390). Since God is called Father frequently in the New Testament both Athanasius and Gregory see the name as fundamental to understanding the nature of the intradivine life, as well as God’s relationship to humankind. The reliance of Patristic authors on the language of Father and Son brings relational language to the fore of Christological and trinitarian discussions of the 4th and 5th centuries. In this thesis, I endeavour to demonstrate the centrality of the fatherhood of God in the thinking of Athanasius and Gregory of Nazianzus, and to connect their thinking on this topic to larger theological questions of the period.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

This dissertation examines a community of men who write online parenting blogs—known as “dad bloggers.” The emergence of dad bloggers in North America is nascent, under-researched, and a result of recent shifts in work-family arrangements, gender expectations, and the proliferation of social media technologies. Accordingly, this dissertation is designed to provide three distinct, yet interrelated, contributions to the literature on: families and parenthood; gender and masculinities; and media communications and communities. Taking a cyber-ethnographic approach, this is the first study of dad bloggers to collect online and offline data in order to investigate personal, interpersonal, and public meaning-making practices. The entire dataset consists of 1,430 blog posts written by 45 bloggers, approximately 50 hours of fieldwork conducted at The Dad 2.0 Summit conferences from 2016 to 2018, and 5 in-depth interviews. In three substantive chapters, I address: (1) the collective actions and goals that shape dad bloggers’ group culture and public engagement; (2) the creation and dissemination of meanings for fatherhood in an online context; and (3) the negotiation of gendered family roles and articulation of masculinity discourses by fathers. Collectively, this research provides new empirical and theoretical insights about the social construction of fatherhood in the contemporary digital age. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Trots att socialt arbete strävar efter att främja ett mer jämställt föräldraskap, fortsätter förväntningar och normer relaterat till genus och kön spela en betydande roll. Studien undersöker, med hjälp av en socialkonstruktionistisk ansats och teorin om genussystemet, socialarbetares könsspecifika förväntningar på moderskap och faderskap särskilt i en missbruks- och beroendeproblematik. De könsbestämda förväntningarna kan påverka stödåtgärder för föräldrar, om de fortsätter att reproduceras inom socialt arbete. Studien genomfördes med kvalitativ metod, där tio informanter medverkar genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Det insamlade materialet analyserades med tematisk analys. Det framkom av resultatet underliggande traditionella förväntningar på moderskap och faderskap i samband med missbruks- och beroendeproblematik, samtidigt som socialarbetarna var medvetna om förväntningarna och normerna kopplat till genus. Huvudsakligen framhävs det en bild av socialarbetarna att moderskapet är relaterat till ansvar och omsorg samt kommer med högre krav. Faderskapet undgår ofta krav och kritik även när de har en liknande missbruks- och beroendeproblematik. Det framkommer att det är mer normaliserat för männen att ha den typen av problematik. Moderskapet konstrueras som det primära och fadern förbises i föräldrarollen, vilket leder till en passiv roll där han tillhör missbruks- och beroendeproblematik samtidigt som mamman inte accepteras med liknande problematik. Vår studie synliggör hur traditionella könsspecifika förväntningar reproduceras inom socialt arbete och påverkar arbetet i möte med föräldrar med missbruks- och beroendeproblematik.

Society perceives that fathers are taking a more active role within the family, this role is referred to as the conduct of father's, but what is perhaps changing more rapidly is the culture of fatherhood, or the shift in society's perception of what roles each parent is to play. The purpose of this study was to compare the caregiving roles of mothers and fathers during mealtime. Specifically, do mother's as compared to father's attend to more of the maintenance tasks required by children during this task oriented situation? The major goal of the researcher was to determine if the father's under study are taking on as much responsibility within the home as current literature seems to suggest. Three families were observed during three separate meals each to determine which parent was fulfilling what needs the child may have had and who seemed to provide the needed child care during meals. Field notes were taken after each observation and these data were coded according to 26 coding categories. After the data were coded, analysis indicated similarities and differences among the families, both of which provided useful insights into the general, as well as specific, research questions. The families observed did maintain a fairly traditional division of labor as all of the families included mothers that stay home and father's that work at a university. All mothers had meals waiting for their husbands when they got home. The mothers seated themselves closest to the youngest children, the one’s most likely to need help during the meal. Gender differences in parental behavior were seen only occasionally, probably due to the seating arrangement as well as the level of activity of the mother at the times observed. Father's were seen to have interacted more with the older children in a social capacity, although many signs of care such as changing diapers and helping to cut up food by them were also observed. Finally, with regards to discipline the families were each different. Each household had a different means of division of power. By this it is meant that in one family the father had the ultimate decision in matters and gave permission for things such as leaving the table while in the other two families the mother had the final say. The dominance of the mother as a disciplinarian can be explained, in part, by the fact that the mother was the one with the children most of the day and interacted more on a maintenance basis than a social or play basis as the fathers often did. The mother’s primary concern was meeting the needs of the child, not social interaction. / Master of Science

Section 1 of this thesis develops an eclectic meta-model of metaphor analysis that is subsequently applied to the paraenetic metaphors in First Peter. This comprehensive and broadly-based theory provides for the integration of First Peter‟s metaphors in the analysis of the epistle‟s persuasive, knowledge-change rhetoric. The bulk of this thesis is a largely suggestive and primarily inductive study of the major paraenetic metaphors within the conceptual and rhetorical world of First Peter, especially “gird up the loins of your mind” and “be sober,” which are crucially bound up with the epistle‟s first grammatical imperative: “hope on the grace to come …” (1:13). I argue that 1:13 is central to all of First Peter‟s paraenetic statements through a sequential survey of these injunctions in the order provided by the text. While “girding the loins” is capable of a more generic or other specific interpretations, I argue for a conflict connotation. First Peter presupposes a situation of spiritual peril, with the danger especially related to the “mind.” The greatest threat is not from persecution but from ignorance, an irrational fear of humans rather than a rational fear of God, along with other sinful “passions”–forces strengthened by the menacing Devil. By means of courageous faith believers must “stand firm” with a disciplined and focused mind oriented vertically towards and hoping fully upon God‟s present and future grace (5:12) to the exclusion of sin, ready for spiritual battle–just as Christ was (4:1). In addition, I maintain that honouring/glorifying God is the ultimate goal of First Peter‟s paraenesis. Consistent with this, the metaphorical organization of “space” in the letter gives evidence of the prioritizing of the vertical axis over the horizontal. In this connection, I challenge Troy Martin‟s view of the Christian life as a journey, finding First Peter to image it as essentially a stationary waiting for final salvation to come to them. Finally, I seek to demonstrate that the Fatherhood of God is the dominant metaphor for First Peter as a whole, a complex image that unites its metaphors, paraenesis, and overall message. / New Testament / D.Th. (New Testament)

This study examines the experiences of young adult women raised in non-resident father households in Tlokwe Local Municipality, North West. Focus groups and face-to-face interviews were conducted with 34 young women between the ages 18-25. Five important, nuanced themes emerged, these are: a) fathers who are physically present but emotionally absent, b) fathers who are physically present but uninvolved, c) fathers who are physically absent but involved, d) fathers who are physically present and involved and e) fathers who are absent and uninvolved. Non-resident fatherhood remains a challenge in the Tlokwe Municipality, most of the participants had never met their biological fathers. The study revealed the frustration young women feel towards their mothers and maternal grandparents for caring more about maintenance than they do about a healthy father-daughter relationship. The study further revealed a deep-seated need for close proximity and an involved type of fathering among the young women. / Sociology / M.A. (Sociology)