Reliable determinations of ecosystem scale fluxes of net carbon (C) and greenhouse gases for northern peatland ecosystems are of great value to determine the impact of soil warming and altered precipitation on emissions. Additionally, few studies have been performed which measure the C fluxes, particularly methane flux (FCH4), during the spring melt and fall freeze up periods, therefore making it difficult to provide adequate annual C estimates from northern peatland ecosystems. This study aimed to determine ecosystem scale FCH4 from a eutrophic Subarctic fen at Churchill, Manitoba (58°45'N 94°4'W), to understand (a) seasonal trends over two consecutive growing seasons,(b) if over-winter stored CH4 was released as a pulse during the spring-melt period, and (c) soil temperature - FCH4 relations for modelling FCH4 over the spring-melt period. An ecosystem scale methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) flux measurement system using the eddy covariance (EC) technique was used from late-June to mid-October of 2008 and early-June to late-September of 2009, with focus on the spring-melt period of late-May to mid-July of 2009. The EC flux measurement system consisted of a closed-path RMT-200 Fast Methane Analyzer (Los Gatos Research Inc.) along with a LI-7500 open-path CO2/H2O gas analyzer (LI-COR Biosci.) and a CSAT3 3-dimensional sonic anemometer (Campbell Sci.). The system was powered by a combination of wind, solar, and gas electric generation. The EC flux measurement system provided seasonal FCH4 values of 0 – 90 nmol CH4 m-2 s-1, similar to previous studies in Subarctic and Arctic peatlands which incorporated the EC technique. A melt period CH4 emission burst was not observed, rather a gradual increase in emission over the spring period. Modelled FCH4 using a temperature-response curve relationship with soil temperature at 5 cm depth over the spring-melt period (May 30 – July 19, 2009) showed the fen to be a net source of CH4, of 1.4 mmol m-2 CO2 equivalent.

Genomic stability refers to an organism’s ability to maintain and pass forward its genetic information. There are a raft of proteins and pathways whose sole purpose is maintaining this stability through swiftly replicating DNA as well as accurately repairing damage caused through contact with endogenous and exogenous DNA damaging elements. This study will focus on the structural aspects of two proteins that play a part in different areas of genome maintenance. Flap Endonuclease 1 (FEN 1) works in DNA replication, where it is tasked with removing a small RNA flap that is created during Okazaki fragment formation. This flap removal is essential to mature these fragments into one continuous strand of nascent DNA. Using the archeon Pyrococcus abyssi (Pab) as a model system has the advantage of possessing simple replicative machinery, whilst bearing striking similarities with the human system. Pab is a hyperthermophilic, piezophile meaning it thrives in conditions of high temperature and pressure. DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is a holoenzyme that plays a role in the Non Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) pathway by repairing DNA double strand breaks (DSB’s). In cancer therapy, a patient is exposed to DNA damaging elements, leading to an ever-increasing population of DSBs. If an inhibitor of DNA-PKcs were introduced along with this therapy it could potentiate its effect, as the cancerous cells will be less able to repair the damage. The aim of this part of the study is to determine a protocol to generate pure, soluble, correctly folded protein for the purposes of biophysical characterisation and X-ray crystallographic structural studies.

?rea de concentra??o: Qu?mica Org?nica. / Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-01-06T18:00:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) itala_kariny_barroso_lopes.pdf: 1856554 bytes, checksum: 93412cde269e6e1554cc9332b4babe65 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-01-07T11:43:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) itala_kariny_barroso_lopes.pdf: 1856554 bytes, checksum: 93412cde269e6e1554cc9332b4babe65 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-07T11:43:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) itala_kariny_barroso_lopes.pdf: 1856554 bytes, checksum: 93412cde269e6e1554cc9332b4babe65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / Diante do interesse e influ?ncia de ?leos e gorduras ingeridos na alimenta??o e seus efeitos no metabolismo e altera??es na composi??o corporal, o estudo visou caracterizar quimicamente ?leos e gorduras por CG-MS, FTIR e espectrometria UV/vis?vel (Fen?licos, Flavon?ides e Atividade Antioxidante (AA)), al?m de avaliar o efeito da suplementa??o em animais experimentais. Foram utilizados ?leos de Abacate (AB), C?rtamo (CA), Coco (CO), Linha?a (LI) e Pequi (PE), e Banha de Porco (BAN), Margarina (MAR), Manteiga (MAN) e Gordura Vegetal Hidrogenada (GVH). Os ?leos AB, CO, CA e LI tiveram maiores quantidades de fen?licos totais do que as gorduras BAN GVH, MAN e MAR. O CO apresentou maior quantidade de flavon?ides do que os ?leos LI, CA, AB e PE. A GVH apresentou maior quantidade de flavon?ides seguida da MAR, MAN e BAN. Os espectros de infravermelho mostraram a presen?a do grupo hidroxila na posi??o de estiramento 3650-3100nm, o que caracteriza a a??o AA nos ?leos e gorduras. Os cromatogramas identificaram as principais subst?ncias vol?teis dos ?cidos graxos como os ?cidos Capr?lico, L?urico, Miristico, Palm?tico, Este?rico, Ol?ico, Linol?ico, Eicosapentaen?ico e o Ela?dico. No ensaio biol?gico os animais receberam ra??o acrescida de 10% de cada ?leo e gordura, e o grupo controle recebeu apenas a ra??o. Na suplementa??o dos animais o coeficiente de ingest?o alimentar dos grupos AB, BAN,CA, LI, MAN e PE foram os maiores. Os grupos BAN, MAN, MAR e GVH apresentaram maior IMC que o grupo C, que por sua vez apresentou menor ?ndice que os grupos AB, CA, CO, LI e PE. Para o ?ndice de LEE os grupos AB, CA, CO, LI e PE tiveram maior ?ndice que GVH, MAN, MAR, BAN e C. O grupo MAN apresentou maior teor de glicose. Quanto a fra??o de triacilglicer?is e HDL-c os grupo BAN, GVH e MAN foram maiores em rela??o aos demais. Contudo pode se concluir que mesmo os ?leos e gorduras apresentando atividade antioxidante e presen?a de fen?licos e flavon?ides tendo efeitos ben?ficos para a sa?de, o consumo excessivo dos mesmos causa aumento do metabolismo lip?dico. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2015. / ABSTRACT Given the interest and influence of ingested fats and oils in food, its effects on metabolism and changes in body composition, this study aimed to characterize chemically oils and fats by GC-MS, FTIR spectrometry (phenolics, flavonoids and Antioxidade Activity), and to evaluate the effect of supplementation in experimental animals. Were used oils Avocado (AB), Safflower (CA), Coconut (CO), Flaxseed (LI) and Pequi (PE), and Lard (BAN), Margarine (MAR), Butter (MAN) and Hydrogenated Vegetable Fat (GVH). The AB, CO, CA and LI had higher amounts of total phenolics than the BAN GVH fats, MAN and MAR. The CO had higher amounts of flavonoids than the LI oils, CA, AB and PE. The GVH had higher amounts of flavonoids then the SEA, MAN and BAN. Infrared spectra showed the presence of the hydroxyl group in position 3650-3100nm stretch, which characterizes the EA action in oils and fats. The chromatograms identified the major volatile substances of fatty acids such as caprylic, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, elaidic and Eicosapentaenoic. In the biological test animals received diet plus 10% of each oil and fat, and the control group received only the diet. In supplementation of animals the intake of food coefficient of AB groups, BAN, CA, LI, MAN and PE were the greatest. The BAN groups, MAN, SEA and GVH had higher BMI than group C, which in turn showed a lower rate than the groups AB, CA, CO, LI and PE. For LEE index AB groups, CA, CO, LI and PE had higher rate than GVH, MAN, MAR, BAN and C. The MAN group had higher glucose content. As the fraction of triacylglycerol and HDL-c the BAN group, GVH and MAN was higher than the other. However it can be concluded that even the oils and fats presenting antioxidade activity and presence of phenolics and flavonoids with beneficial health effects, excessive consumption of these causes increased lipid metabolism.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-02-15T16:41:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) philipe_dias_avila_lima.pdf: 4093796 bytes, checksum: 7076093f9237e97d72538450053db3ed (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-03-06T12:26:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) philipe_dias_avila_lima.pdf: 4093796 bytes, checksum: 7076093f9237e97d72538450053db3ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-06T12:26:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) philipe_dias_avila_lima.pdf: 4093796 bytes, checksum: 7076093f9237e97d72538450053db3ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG ) / Nos ?ltimos anos, um n?mero crescente de pesquisas tem demonstrado o papel chave das esp?cies reativas (ERs) na acelera??o do processo de envelhecimento e agravamento de doen?as inflamat?rias e cr?nico-degenerativas. Tais esp?cies, altamente reativas, podem oxidar v?rias biomol?culas e provocar graves les?es no organismo. O efeito das ERs ? equilibrado no organismo por a??o de antioxidantes enzim?ticos e n?o enzim?ticos, sendo estes ?ltimos, representados em sua maioria pelos compostos fen?licos, sendo os flavon?ides os principais representantes. Os flavon?ides podem ser consumidos na dieta di?ria atrav?s de v?rios alimentos como frutas, legumes, vinhos etc., por?m, o principal alvo para busca de tais compostos s?o as plantas medicinais que s?o constantemente utilizadas pela popula??o. Tendo em vista a import?ncia de desenvolvimento e busca de novos compostos antioxidantes naturais, o presente estudo teve como principal objetivo avaliar a atividade antioxidante dos extratos etan?licos de algumas esp?cies vegetais que v?m sendo utilizadas na medicina popular, dentre outras finalidades, como antiinflamat?rias, cicatrizantes e outros usos relacionados a atividade antioxidante. As esp?cies vegetais utilizadas foram: Ageratum fastigiatum (GARDN.) R. M. KING et H. ROB., Croton antisyphiliticus MART., Kielmeyera rubriflora CAMB., Miconia ferruginata DC., e Norantea adamantium CAMB., coletadas no munic?pio de Diamantina ? MG e regi?es subjacentes, ?reas de predomin?ncia do bioma Cerrado. Avaliando a atividade antioxidante e teor de fen?licos totais (FT) nos extratos, pode-se observar que todos os extratos, exceto da A. fastigiatum (partes a?reas) apresentaram altos teores de compostos fen?licos, determinado pelo m?todo colorim?trico de Folin-Ciocalteau (FC) e eficiente poder redutor (PR), com destaque para a N. adamantium (partes a?reas), que apresentou o maior teor de FT (684,59 mg EAG/g extrato) e o menor valor para o PR (EC50 = 66,77 ?g/mL). Quanto ? captura das esp?cies radicalares DPPH? e ABTS?+, os extratos seguiram uma correla??o positiva, determinada pelo coeficiente de Pearson, ou seja, os extratos com maiores teores de FT tamb?m apresentaram as melhores atividades de captura das esp?cies radicalares com destaque para a N. adamantium (partes a?reas) e C. antisyphiliticus (caule) que apresentaram resultados de EC50 estatisticamente semelhantes ao padr?o ?cido g?lico (AG) para a captura de ambas as esp?cies radicalares utilizadas. Para a captura dos reagentes HOCl e H2O2 todos os extratos foram eficientes, por?m apresentaram melhores resultados apenas em altas concentra??es (>100?g/mL), sendo necess?rio um estudo de citotoxicidade para avaliar se tais concentra??es n?o s?o t?xicas ?s c?lulas humanas. Por fim, foi realizada uma avalia??o de interfer?ncia dos extratos no burst oxidativo produzidos por neutr?filos humanos isolados ativados com PMA e todos os extratos apresentaram atividade protetora frente ?s esp?cies produzidas pelo burst oxidativo com destaque para C. antisyphiliticus (caule) e A. fastigiatum (partes a?reas) que apresentaram menores valores de EC50, igual a 8,51 e 5,74 ?g/mL respectivamente. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Farmac?uticas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / An increasing number of studies have been lately demonstrating the key role of the reactive species (RS) in accelerating aging and worsening inflammatory and chronic-degenerative diseases. This species, highly reactive, are able to oxidize several biomolecules and cause severe injuries to the organism. The effect of the RS is balanced by the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, the latter being represented mostly by phenolic compounds and flavonoids key players which can be daily consumed in fruits, vegetables, wine etc. However, the main samples to search for these compounds are the medicinal plants extensively used by the population. Considering the importance of the development and screening of new natural antioxidant compounds, the present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extracts of some species of plants that have been used in the popular medicine for its anti-inflammatory, healing and other uses related to antioxidant activity, among other features. The plants were: Ageratum fastigiatum (GARDN.); R. M. KING and H. ROB., Croton antisyphiliticus MART., Kielmeyera rubriflora CAMB., Miconia ferruginata DC., and Norantea adamantium CAMB., colleted at the municipality of Diamantina - MG and surroundings, where the biome Cerrado is predominant. The analysis of the antioxidant activity and the total phenolic content (TP) of the extracts showed that, except for the A. fastigiatum (aerial parts), all of the others presented high contents of phenolic compounds through the colorimetric assay of Folin-Ciocalteau (FC) and the effectiveness of the reductive power (RP). Highlights here to N. adamantium (aerial parts) extract which demonstrated the highest content of TP (684,59 mg EAG/g extract) and the lowest value of RP (EC50 = 66,77 ?g/mL). Regarding the capture of the following free radicals, DPPH? and ABTS?+, the extracts demonstrated a positive correlation, determined by the Pearson factor, which means that the extracts with the highest contents of TP also displayed better capture activities of those free radicals. It is important to emphasize N. adamantium (aerial parts) and C. antisyphiliticus (stem), once they presented statistically similar EC50 to the garlic acid (GA) for the capture of both of the free radicals used. For the capture of HOCl and H2O2, all the extracts showed to be efficient, nevertheless they presented better results only in high concentrations (>100?g/mL). Therefore it is relevant to perform a citotoxicity assay on human cells. At last, the interference of the extracts was evaluated on the oxidative burst produced by human neutrophils isolated and activated with PMA and all of them showed to be protective against the free radicals produced in the assay, in which C. antisyphiliticus (stem) and A. fastigiatum (aerial parts) standout for the lowest EC50, 8,51 and 5,74 ?g/mL respectively.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SuzetATC.pdf: 3564049 bytes, checksum: 6d7a0053fa2fa8402dc4e922eb9cf43e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-07 / Objective: Identify phenotype and genotype parameters of female volleyball players at different performance levels to help in player selection. Methods: We identified characteristics of phenotype and genotype using the somatotype method (Heath Carter); anthropometry (weight, height and fat percentage); dermatoglyphics (Cummins and Midlo s method) as well as applying physical quality tests (Shuttle Run to assess agility and the Sargent Jump Test adapted for spike and block reach). The sample was composed of 179 players (54 from national teams and 125 from state teams). Results: Somatotype was similar among the performance levels in the mesomorphic component. The Height and ectomorphic component were greater in national team players as was spike and block reach. The vertical jump height for the spike was similar between the national under-17 team and the state teams observed, but in the block jump the lower level players were better. The dermatoglyphics characteristics identified were similar among the groups studied. Conclusions: The results of the variables studied show that somatotype, height, spike reach and block reach are fundamental parameters in player selection and in the specific characteristics of each game position of this sport. This paper proposes a multidisciplinary approach applicable in the fields of physical education, medicine and nutrition / Objetivo: Identificar par?metros fenot?picos e genot?picos de atletas de voleibol feminino no Brasil, em diferentes n?veis de qualifica??o esportiva, que auxiliar?o no processo de sele??o de atletas. M?todos: Identificamos as caracter?sticas fenot?picas e genot?picas atrav?s da Somatotipia (m?todo de Heath Carter); da antropometria (peso, estatura e percentual de gordura); da dermatoglifia (m?todo de Cummins e Midlo) e de testes de qualidades f?sicas (Shutle Run para verificar a agilidade e Sargent Jump Test adaptado para alcance de ataque e de bloqueio). A amostra foi composta de 179 atletas sendo 54 de sele??es nacionais e 125 de sele??es estaduais. Resultados: O somatotipo apresentou-se como vari?vel equilibrada entre os diferentes n?veis de qualifica??o esportiva no componente mesom?rfico. A estatura e o componente ectom?rfico foram superiores nas atletas das sele??es nacionais assim como o alcance de ataque e de bloqueio. A altura do salto vertical para o ataque foi equilibrado entre a sele??o nacional infanto-juvenil e as sele??es estaduais observadas, mas no salto para bloqueio as atletas de mais baixo n?vel de qualifica??o esportiva foram superiores. As caracter?sticas dermatogl?ficas identificadas demonstraram um equil?brio entre os grupos estudados. Conclus?es: Diante das vari?veis estudadas pode-se concluir que o somatotipo, a estatura, o alcance de ataque e o alcance de bloqueio s?o par?metros fundamentais na sele??o de atletas e nas caracter?sticas espec?ficas de cada posi??o de jogo, nessa modalidade. Esta tese apresenta uma rela??o de interface multidisciplinar, tendo o seu conte?do uma aplica??o nos campos da Educa??o F?sica, medicina e nutri??o

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:14:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-12-12 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / As condi??es ambientais e gen?ticas do indiv?duo podem influenciar no seu potencial de desenvolvimento de diversos fatores como as capacidades motoras, a aptid?o f?sica e da antropometria. Objetivo: objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a contribui??o gen?tica e ambiental na varia??o das capacidades motoras, aptid?o f?sica e antropometria em pares de g?meos monozigotos (MZ) e dizigotos (DZ). Participaram do estudo 88 g?meos entre 8 e 36 anos, sendo 56 monozigotos (MZ) divididos em 28 mulheres e 28 homens e 32 dizigotos (DZ) divididos em 18 mulheres e 14 homens. As vari?veis estudadas foram: for?a potente de membros inferiores; for?a de membros superiores; velocidade, pot?ncia aer?bica, flexibilidade do quadril, somat?rio de dobras cut?neas, perimetria, massa corporal e estatura. Os dados foram avaliados em estat?stica n?o param?trica, analisados com base na vari?ncia intrapar de g?meos. Aplicou-se a equa??o da herdabilidade (h?) = ((S? DZ S? MZ) / S? DZ) x 100, demonstrando o quanto cada vari?vel possui de car?ter genot?pico e fenot?pico. Foi calculado o intervalo de confian?a (25% - 75%) a partir das medianas encontradas. Como resultado foi encontrado para for?a potente de membros inferiores h? = 85% (77% - 97%) para mulheres e h?= 68% (53% - 75%) para homens. Para for?a isom?trica de membros superiores no sexo feminino h? = 39% (35% - 46%) e no sexo masculino, h?= 73% (53% - 77%). Para a velocidade de deslocamento h?= 67% e 85%, para homens e mulheres, respectivamente. Observou-se que a herdabilidade da flexibilidade apresentou h? com 59% para ambos os sexos, assim como resist?ncia aer?bica,onde h2= 77%, estatura com h?= 64% e somat?rio de dobras cut?neas com h?=97%. Ficou demonstrado que embora a faixa et?ria seja ampla, este fator n?o influenciou os resultados. E ainda que para determinadas capacidades motoras a hereditariedade se apresenta predominante sobre o fator ambiental

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T15:28:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sebastiao Gomes de Andrade Neto_DISSERT.pdf: 2828925 bytes, checksum: 9a3a8727e20a5d6e18788b92eb274fd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-31 / In Percolation Theory, functions like the probability that a given site belongs to the infinite cluster, average size of clusters, etc. are described through power laws and critical exponents. This dissertation uses a method called Finite Size Scaling to provide a estimative of those exponents. The dissertation is divided in four parts. The first one briefly presents the main results for Site Percolation Theory for d = 2 dimension. Besides, some important quantities for the determination of the critical exponents and for the phase transistions understanding are defined. The second shows an introduction to the fractal concept, dimension and classification. Concluded the base of our study, in the third part the Scale Theory is mentioned, wich relates critical exponents and the quantities described in Chapter 2. In the last part, through the Finite Size Scaling method, we determine the critical exponents fi and. Based on them, we used the previous Chapter scale relations in order to determine the remaining critical exponents / Na Teoria de Percola??o, fun??es como a probabilidade de um s?tio pertencer ao aglomerado percolante, tamanho m?dio dos aglomerados, etc. s?o descritas por meio de leis de pot?ncia e expoentes cr?ticos. Esta disserta??o faz uso do m?todo chamado Escalonamento de Tamanho Finito para fornecer uma estimativa desses expoentes. A disserta??o est? dividida em quatro partes. A primeira apresenta de forma r?pida os principais resultados da Teoria da Percola??o por s?tios para dimens?o d = 2. Al?m disso, s?o definidas algumas quantidades importantes para a determina??o dos expoentes cr?ticos e o para o entendimento sobre as transi??es de fase. A segunda parte apresenta uma introdu??o sobre o conceito de fractal, dimens?o e classifica??o. Conclu?da a base do nosso estudo, na terceira parte ? mensionada a Teoria de Escala, a qual relaciona os expoentes cr?ticos e as quantidades descritas no Cap?tulo 2. Na ?ltima parte, atrav?s do escalonamento de tamanho finito, determinamos os expoentes cr?ticos? ? e v. A partir desses, usamos as rela??es de escala as rela??es descritas no Cap?tulo anterior para determinar os expoentes cr?ticos restantes

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-01-26T19:42:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VivianeHiromiUchida_DISSERT.pdf: 2246882 bytes, checksum: 2d32d23410d1769a404aaae1487d77b2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-29T17:54:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 VivianeHiromiUchida_DISSERT.pdf: 2246882 bytes, checksum: 2d32d23410d1769a404aaae1487d77b2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-29T17:54:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VivianeHiromiUchida_DISSERT.pdf: 2246882 bytes, checksum: 2d32d23410d1769a404aaae1487d77b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / A Terminalia catappa Linn pertencente ? fam?lia Combretaceae, popularmente conhecida como castanhola, possui frutos constitu?dos por uma polpa carnosa, semente arredondada e uma casca muito dura. A pigmenta??o natural existentes no fruto da castanhola indica a presen?a de antocianinas, componentes de natureza fen?lica pertencentes ao grupo dos flavon?ides, que apresentam atividade antioxidante. A presente pesquisa foi realizada com a castanhola e teve como principal objetivo o estudo de fatores que influenciam a extra??o de corantes a partir de sua polpa. Os extratos foram obtidos utilizando-se um reator enjaquetado por extra??o s?lido l?quido. Os fatores avaliados foram a temperatura, o tempo, a propor??o do solvente e o pH de extra??o. Adotando-se um planejamento fatorial de 24 , com 4 repeti??es no ponto central, os efeitos destes fatores sobre o processo de extra??o foram analisados utilizando-se o software Statistica 7.0. A atividade antioxidante (AA), o teor de compostos fen?licos totais (CFT) e o teor de antocianinas monom?ricas totais (AMT) foram avaliadas como vari?veis resposta do planejamento. Na an?lise estat?stica dos resultados, os efeitos que mais influenciaram a extra??o foram diferentes para cada uma das respostas (CFT, AMT e AA). No entanto o pH se mostrou significativo para a extra??o de todos os compostos. O comportamento cin?tico da extra??o do corante tamb?m foi estudado para os compostos fen?licos totais, antocianinas monom?ricas e atividade antioxidante, em que o equil?brio foi atingido ap?s os 90 minutos de extra??o. No estudo da estabilidade das antocianinas a temperatura foi o fator que mais influenciou na estabilidade, contudo a concentra??o e o pH tamb?m tiveram influ?ncia / The Terminalia catappa Linn belonging to Combretaceae family, popularly known as castanets, has fruits consists of a fleshy pulp, rounded seed and a very hard shell. The natural pigmentation existing in the fruit of castanet indicates the presence of anthocyanins, phenolic nature components belonging to the group of flavonoids, which have antioxidant activity. This research was conducted with the castanets and aimed to the study of factors influencing the extraction of dyes from its pulp. The extracts were obtained using a reactor enjaquetado by solid-liquid extraction. The factors were evaluated as temperature, time, solvent ratio and pH extraction. Adopting a factorial design of 24 , with 4 repetitions at the central point, the effects of these factors on the extraction process were analyzed using Statistica 7.0 software. The antioxidant activity (AA), the content of phenolic compounds (CFT) and the total monomeric anthocyanin content (AMT) were evaluated as response variables planning. Statistical analysis of the results, the effects that influenced the extraction were different for each response (CFT, AMT and AA). However, the pH was significant for the extraction of all compounds. The kinetic behavior of the dye extraction was also studied for phenolic compounds, monomeric anthocyanins and antioxidant activity, in which the equilibrium was reached after 90 minutes of extraction. To study the stability of anthocyanins temperature was the factor that most influenced the stability, however the concentration and pH also played a part.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-03-22T00:26:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaDeFatimaBezerra_TESE.pdf: 8001077 bytes, checksum: 680617b92afca9b7140a3d99473e34c2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-22T23:44:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaDeFatimaBezerra_TESE.pdf: 8001077 bytes, checksum: 680617b92afca9b7140a3d99473e34c2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T23:44:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaDeFatimaBezerra_TESE.pdf: 8001077 bytes, checksum: 680617b92afca9b7140a3d99473e34c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / A presente tese avaliou a polpa de jambol?o (Eugenia jambolana Lam.) fresca e desidratada mediante dois processos de secagem (liofiliza??o e atomiza??o com 10 % de goma Ar?bica) quanto as caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas (pH, umidade, atividade de ?gua, di?metro m?dio de part?culas, solubilidade dos p?s e cor instrumental), bioativas [compostos fen?licos totais (CFT), antocianinas monom?ricas, proantocianidinas (PA), ?cido el?gico total (AET), miricetina e cianidina] e estudo da funcionalidade in vitro (atividade antioxidante, antienzim?tica e antimicrobiana). Em seguida, a funcionalidade in vivo da polpa de jambol?o foi avaliada, com uso do modelo Caenorhabditis elegans, quanto ? via sinaliza??o de insulina, longevidade e doen?as neurodegenerativas (doen?a de Alzheimer e Mal de Parkinson). A polpa de jambol?o desidratada apresentou consider?vel reten??o de CFT (50 % a 75 %), PA (90 % a 98 %), AET (31 % a 83 %), miricetina (40 % a 84 %), cianidina (72 % a 84 %) e atividade antioxidante (15 %). A polpa fresca, o p? liofilizado e o p? atomizado apresentaram elevada atividade inibit?ria contra lipase pancre?tica (4,4 a 5,8 mg/mL), alfa-glicosidase (10,3 a 13,8 mg/mL) e alfa-amilase (8,9 a 11,2 mg/mL). Esses grupos experimentais tamb?m se apresentaram inibidores ativos contra o crescimento de S. aureus. Os p?s de jambol?o aumentaram a express?o de genes ligados ? via de sinaliza??o de insulina (SIR-2.1, PPTR-1, DAF-16, SOD-3, e CTL) e foram capazes de estender o tempo m?dio de vida de C. elegans (18,07 % a 24,34 %), reduzir a paralisia induzida pelo amiloide AB1-42 e os danos causados pela mol?cula neurot?xica 1-methyl-4- phenylpyridinium (MPP+ ). A partir disso, foi desenvolvido frozen yogurt com uso do leite caprino adicionado de Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BI-07 com polpa ou p? atomizado de jambol?o. O produto final foi avaliado quanto a suas caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas (pH, acidez titul?vel, s?lidos totais, prote?na, a??cares redutores totais, gordura, cinzas, overrun e teste de derretimento], bioativas (CFT e antocianinas monom?ricas), atividade antioxidante, iii viabilidade da cultura probi?tica e an?lise sensorial (teste de aceita??o). As amostras de frozen yogurt caprino com cultura probi?tica apresentaram menor pH e maior acidez, CFT, antocianinas e atividade antioxidante quando comparada com aquelas sem a presen?a da B. animalis. Foram observados n?veis de overrun entre 14,2% e 22,6%. As amostras de frozen yogurt com cultura probi?tica alcan?aram resultados inferiores para o atributo sabor. De maneira geral, a presente pesquisa apresenta o jambol?o como um fruto rico em compostos bioativos, com elevada capacidade funcional, com potencial para modular importantes vias biol?gicas, aumentar a expectativa de vida e retardar risco de doen?as neurodegenerativas. Atualmente o jambol?o ? um fruto ex?tico subaproveitado no Brasil com elevado poder corante e a presente tese mostra, pela primeira vez na literatura, importantes achados tecnol?gicos, biol?gicos e cient?ficos sobre essa fruta que podem ser usados para o desenvolvimento de produtos alimentares saud?veis. / This work evaluated the fresh, spray dried (with 10 % of Arabic Gum) and freeze dried jambolan pulp (Eugenia jambolana Lam.) in regard to physicochemical (pH, moisture, water activity, average particle diameter, solubility and color), bioactive [total phenolic content (TPC), monomeric anthocyanin, pronathocyanidin (PA), total elagic acid (TEA), myricetin and cyanidin] and in vitro functionality (antioxidant, antienzymatic and antimicrobial activities]. In addition, the in vivo functionality of jambolan pulp was investigated using the Caenorhabditis elegans model for insulin signaling, longevity and induced neurodegeneration (Alzheimer?s disease and Parkinson?s disease related symptoms). The dried jambolan pulp presented TPC retention (50% to 75%), PA (90% to 98%), TEA (31% to 83%), myricetin (40% to 84%), cyanidin (72% to 84%) and antioxidant activity (15%). The fresh jambolan pulp, the freeze dried pulp and the spray dried jambolan pulp presented high enzymatic inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase (4,4 to 5,8 mg/mL), alpha-glycosidase (10,3 to 13,8 mg/mL) and alpha-amylase (8,9 to 11,2 mg/mL). They also were active inhibitors against the pathogen S. aureus. The dried jambolan experimental samples were able to increase the expression of several genes linked to the insulin signaling pathways (SIR-2.1, PPTR-1, DAF-16, SOD-3, e CTL) and increased the lifespan in C. elegans (18,07 % - 24,34 %), besides decreasing the amyloid AB1-42 aggregation induced paralysis and MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) induced neurodegeneration. Based on that, the jambolan pulp and the spray dried jambolan pulp were further selected for the production of caprine frozen yogurt with the addition of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BI-07. The final product were evaluated in regard to their physicochemical (pH, acidity, total solids, protein, total reducing sugars, fat, ashes, overrun, melting test), bioactive (TPC and monomeric anthocyanin, antioxidant activity, probiotic viability and sensory analysis (sensory acceptance). The results showed that samples with probiotic had lowest pH and higher acidity, TPC, anthocyanin and antioxidant activity. It was also observed low overrun (14.2% to 22.6%). vi Samples with probiotic had lower flavor scores. Overall, this research presents the jambolan as a highly functional bioactive-rich fruit with the potential to modulate important biological pathways, extend lifespan and retard the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Jambolan is an underexploited exotic fruit with a high colorant potential and this thesis shows for the first time in the literature important technological, biological and scientific data about this fruit that could be used towards the development of health-oriented food products.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-03-31T23:27:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EmersonMichellDaSilvaSiqueira_DISSERT.pdf: 1831728 bytes, checksum: f0f660926f6f553bf0bc11ee19ff98ac (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-05T19:34:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 EmersonMichellDaSilvaSiqueira_DISSERT.pdf: 1831728 bytes, checksum: f0f660926f6f553bf0bc11ee19ff98ac (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-05T19:34:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EmersonMichellDaSilvaSiqueira_DISSERT.pdf: 1831728 bytes, checksum: f0f660926f6f553bf0bc11ee19ff98ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae) ? uma ?rvore frut?fera conhecida popularmente no Brasil como umbuzeiro, tapereba ou umbu. A planta ? nativa e end?mica do Brasil, distribu?da por todos estados do nordeste brasileiro. Essa esp?cie tem grande import?ncia na medicina popular do semi-?rido nordestino, onde ? utilizada principalmente para tratar condi??es inflamat?rias, problemas digestivos assim como infec??es virais e bacterianas. No entanto, apesar da vasta utiliza??o na medicina tradicional, existem poucos estudos farmacol?gicos e fitoqu?micos que d?em embasamento cient?fico a sua utiliza??o popular. Diante disto, este trabalho buscou caracterizar os marcadores qu?micos e avaliar a atividade anti-inflamat?ria do extrato das folhas de Spondias tuberosa. O extrato das folhas foi preparado por macera??o em etanol:?gua (70:30, v/v). A avalia??o do perfil fitoqu?mico do extrato foi realizada preliminarmente por Cromatografia em Camada Delgada e em seguida por Cromatografia L?quida de Alta Efici?ncia. Na an?lise por Cromatografia em Camada Delgada foi observada a presen?a dos flavonoides rutina e isoquercitrina, o que foi corroborado pela an?lise por Cromatografia L?quida de Alta Efici?ncia que ainda indicou a presen?a dos ?cidos fen?licos, ?cido clorog?nico e ?cido caf?ico. Adicionalmente, foi desenvolvido e validado um m?todo por Cromatografia L?quida de Alta Efici?ncia segundo as normas da RDC 899/2003 da ANVISA e ICH Guidelines 2005, para avaliar o teor dos compostos identificados no extrato. Para avalia??o do efeito anti-inflamat?rio foram utilizados os modelos de peritonite e de edema de pata induzidos por carragenina, administra??o via intraperitoneal, em camundongos. A avalia??o do efeito anti-inflamat?rio in vivo demonstrou que o extrato das folhas, nas concentra??es de 125, 250 e 500 mg/kg, apresentou uma diminui??o do influxo de leuc?citos para o local da inflama??o, do di?metro do edema e do n?vel da enzima mieloperoxidase, quando comparado ao f?rmaco utilizado como controle dexametasona (2 mg/kg, via i.p.). Em suma, em nosso trabalho foi verificado que o extrato hidroetan?lico das folhas de Spondias tuberosa apresentou atividade anti-inflamat?ria importante nos dois modelos ensaiados, o que torna a planta uma potencial esp?cie para este uso, justificando o seu uso popular. No que se refere ? caracteriza??o de marcadores, os compostos fen?licos, ?cido clorog?nico, ?cido caf?ico, rutina e isoquercitrina, identificados no extrato hidroetan?lico das folhas de Spondias tuberosa podem ser utilizados no controle de qualidade da mat?ria-prima e de extratos obtidos com a esp?cie. / Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae) is a fruitful tree popularly known as umbuzeiro, tapereba or umbu. It is a native and endemic species from Brazil, widespread in Brazilian Northeast. The species is important in folk medicine of the semi-arid Northeast, where it is mainly used to treat various inflammatory conditions, digestive problems as well as viral and bacterial infections. However, despite the common use in folk medicine, there are scarce pharmacological and phytochemicals studies that afford scientific evidence to its popular use. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the chemical markers in S. tuberosa leaves extract, obtained by maceration ethanol:water (70:30, [v/v]), and evaluate its anti-inflammatory potential in vivo. The phytochemical profile in TLC analysis suggested the occurence of the flavonoids rutin and isoquercitrin. HPLC analysis enabled us to confirm the presence of flavonoids and also, were detected the phenolic acids, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid. In addition was developed and validated a HPLC method to evaluate the content of the identified compounds in S. tuberosa leaves extract according to RDC 899/2003 of ANVISA and ICH Guidelines 2005. In order to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of S. tuberosa leaves extract, the peritonitis and paw edema models induced by carrageenan were used, administration i.p. in mice. The results highlighted the anti-inflammatory property in vivo at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg since a decrease in leukocyte influx to the site of inflammation, diameter of the edema and the level of myeloperoxidase were observed when compared to the drug control dexamethasone (2 mg/kg, i.p. route). Taken together, the results pointed out S. tuberosa as a potential species for developing phytotherapic derivatives in according to its popular use. With regard to the characterization markers, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin and isoquercitrin were identified and quantified in Spondias tuberosa leaves extract so they could be used in quality control analyses of the raw material and extracts of this species.