This dissertation examines the trope of filiation in novels by three contemporary British writers: John Banville, Ian McEwan, and Kazuo Ishiguro. The trope of filiation and the related theme of inheritance has long been central to the concerns of the British novel, but it took on a new significance in the twentieth century, as the novel responded both thematically and formally to the aftermath of the two world wars. This study demonstrates the ways in which Banville, McEwan, and Ishiguro each situate their work in relation to this legacy, by means of an analogy between the inheritance structures figured within their novels and the inheritance performed by their engagement with the genre itself. This study relies on an instructive analogy to similar treatments of the larger problem of cultural filiation by the theorists Emmanuel Levinas and Jacques Derrida. Levinas exposes in his work the ethical and political problems of modernist temporality by critiquing modernity’s rejection of filiation, a rejection modeled also in the lost children, and barren and celibate men and women of modernist novels. Derrida meanwhile provides a way forward with his representation and performance of inheritance as a critical and transformative act, which is characterised on one hand by an ethical injunction, and on the other, by a filtering or a differentiation which changes the tradition even as it reaffirms it.

L'œuvre d'Hervé Guibert est marquée par l'enfance. Partout, l'enfance est convoquée : celle toujours perdue, celle qui survit et insiste, celle qu'il désire rejoindre (voir, prendre, toucher, érotiser, incorporer), celle qu'il faudrait dominer, écraser, détruire, celle qui happe, soumet, éblouit. Dans cette constellation du désir, l'œuvre trace des chemins qu'il nous faut reconstruire. Plus qu'un ensemble de représentations, l'inscription de l'enfance dans l'œuvre de Guibert nous invite à dégager une véritable figure textuelle, laquelle éclaire trois scènes : celle de la jouissance, celle du deuil et celle de la filiation. Le repérage de ces trois scènes et l'analyse de leur mise en récit occupe le cœur de notre travail. Comment s'élabore à même le matériau textuel une quête de jouissance jamais résolue; comment s'inscrit dans le texte un travail de deuil dont l'objet de la perte est le sujet lui-même; comment se construit une filiation alternative, mais surtout, comment s'écrit l'enfance, qui fait tenir entre elles toutes ces scènes? D'abord, nous intéresse l'enjeu narratif. Nous accordons une attention particulière au rôle de la mort dans l'œuvre de Guibert, intrinsèquement liée à l'acte d'écriture. Comment Guibert perçoit-il et subit-il la perspective de sa mort imminente? Quelle trace cherche-t-il à laisser? Ces questions nous mèneront à interroger le statut de l'Autre dans son œuvre. Pour ce faire, nous convoquons plus d'une dizaine de textes de Guibert. Aucun des ouvrages de l'auteur ne se dérobe à la figure de l'enfance, celle-ci étant absolument omniprésente. Cela dit, trois textes ressortent du lot, chacun exploitant largement cette figure : Vous m'avez fait former des fantômes, Voyage avec deux enfants et Le mausolée des amants. L'auteur - avant le sida et avec le sida - anticipe sa fin et fait de sa mort imminente un enjeu textuel. Se trame dans son œuvre un fantasme d'auto-engendrement à comprendre comme le point culminant de la figure de l'enfance : l'écriture, pour Guibert, est enfantement d'une œuvre et enfantement de soi. L'inceste et le cannibalisme, en tant que le sujet les conçoit comme des moyens de jouir du même (de son double, de son enfant) et d'ainsi imposer une filiation circulaire rejoignent la notion d'auto-engendrement. De là, l'analyse de la pulsion orale permet de mesurer la portée de ces mises en scène où se croisent des figures d'ogres et de monstres mythiques. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Hervé Guibert, Enfance, Figure textuelle, Fantasme, Auto-engendrement, Deuil

This dissertation examines the trope of filiation in novels by three contemporary British writers: John Banville, Ian McEwan, and Kazuo Ishiguro. The trope of filiation and the related theme of inheritance has long been central to the concerns of the British novel, but it took on a new significance in the twentieth century, as the novel responded both thematically and formally to the aftermath of the two world wars. This study demonstrates the ways in which Banville, McEwan, and Ishiguro each situate their work in relation to this legacy, by means of an analogy between the inheritance structures figured within their novels and the inheritance performed by their engagement with the genre itself. This study relies on an instructive analogy to similar treatments of the larger problem of cultural filiation by the theorists Emmanuel Levinas and Jacques Derrida. Levinas exposes in his work the ethical and political problems of modernist temporality by critiquing modernity’s rejection of filiation, a rejection modeled also in the lost children, and barren and celibate men and women of modernist novels. Derrida meanwhile provides a way forward with his representation and performance of inheritance as a critical and transformative act, which is characterised on one hand by an ethical injunction, and on the other, by a filtering or a differentiation which changes the tradition even as it reaffirms it.

Mémoire (M.Ed.)--Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1996. / Résumé disponible sur Internet. CaQCU Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Th. Ph. D.--Research school CNWS--Leiden university. / Notes bibliogr. Bibliogr p. 267-277. Glossaire. Index. CNWS = Centrum voor niet-Westerse studies.

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-17T12:42:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Michelline.pdf: 1199085 bytes, checksum: 2022a1f61f763fde3e6d0769d65e7059 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-09T18:06:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Michelline.pdf: 1199085 bytes, checksum: 2022a1f61f763fde3e6d0769d65e7059 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-09T18:06:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Michelline.pdf: 1199085 bytes, checksum: 2022a1f61f763fde3e6d0769d65e7059 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / A carta Magna trouxe novos matrizes pelos quais o tratamento filiatório passou a se sujeitar basicamente aos princípios constitucionais, entre eles, à dignidade de pessoa humana, exigindo-se nova postura e interpretação do sistema do de presunções antes vigente. Com o advento do DNA, impõe-se uma nova concepção das ações desta espécie, já que a possibilidade de verificação da ascendência com precisão e grau de acerto, permitiu o entrelaçamento do processo com novos conhecimentos sobre a vida. Deste modo, o objetivo de estudo deste trabalho é a prova pericial de DNA nas ações filiatórias, como forma de concretização do direito de perfilhação, e seus reflexos na ponderação de interesses, no sistema de presunções legal e judicial e frente ao instituto das coisas julgada. A temática pertinente ao presente trabalho foi escolhida por despertar calorosas discussões, provocar reformulações e contribuir em função da sua relevância, para o aparecimento de novas ponderações e teorias atreladas à perfilhação. Essas discussões conduzem a uma reflexão acerca da autoridade da coisa julgada, nas ações de paternidade, quando a sentença proferida transitou em julgado, destituída do critério científico da verdade biológica dos fatos, tendo a produção da prova genética (Era DNA) restado impossibilitada. Pretende-se assim verificar os meios de assegurar a aplicação coexistente dos princípios em conflito, sopesando o bem que deve prevalecer, tendo como norte a busca da verdade real. / Salvador

La kafala n’est pas un concept de droit musulman mais un concept nouveau de droit positif. Il est fort complexe dès lors qu’il est analysé sous l’angle juridique. Sa complexité est inhérente aux multiples questions qu’il soulève. La kafala ne crée pas de filiation, mais confère l’autorité parentale , et le nom pour l’enfant makfoul sans filiation. La transposition de la kafala en droit français a posé problème. L’interdiction de l’adoption posée par le droit algérien a eu un impact négatif sur la kafala car elle est souvent comparée à l’adoption. Le droit français a en effet interdit l’adoption d’un enfant recueilli par kafala. Le makfoul souvent sans filiation n’a pas de statut juridique en France. / Kafala is not an Islamic law concept but a new concept of positive Law. Kafala is a complex legal concept. Its complexity is inherent to the many legal questions it raises. Kafala does not create affiliation, but confers parental authority, and a name for the makfoul (adopted child) without filiation. The transposition of the concept of kafala by the French law has generated a problem. The prohibition of adoption imposed by the Algerian law has had a negative impact on the kafala concept because it is often compared to adoption. French law has actually banned the adoption of a child raised by kafala. The makfoul , often without filiation, has no legal status in France

Estudo sobre a filiação com ênfase na regra do caput do artigo 1.601 do Código Civil Brasileiro Lei 10.406/2002, segundo a qual cabe ao marido o direito de contestar a paternidade dos filhos nascidos de sua mulher, sendo tal ação imprescritível. A dissertação tem como objetivo principal demonstrar a inconstitucionalidade do direito perpétuo do pai em desconstituir a paternidade do filho menor nascido em uma relação de casamento à luz do princípio do melhor interesse da criança. Para tanto foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica e jurisprudencial em tribunais nacionais de segunda instância, no Superior Tribunal de Justiça e no Supremo Tribunal Federal. Os critérios da presunção legal pater is est quem nuptiae demonstrant, da verdade biológica e da posse de estado de filho foram um a um analisados, não havendo entre eles predominância no ordenamento jurídico. O levantamento deste material permitiu a constatação de que a regra supracitada é, pela doutrina majoritária, acriticamente louvada e utilizada nos julgados de conflitos de paternidade. O filho, no entanto, não pode permanecer por toda a vida sujeito à possibilidade do pai desfazer, a qualquer momento, a relação paterno-filial pela ausência do dado biológico por que: (i) o exercício deste direito é mutilador de sua identidade e dignidade humana; (ii) a posse de estado de filho confirma a presunção pater is est; (iii) o estado civil de filho deve se tornar certo e estável em um curto período de tempo. Sustenta-se que é imperioso o afastamento por inconstitucionalidade material da regra do artigo 1.601 do Código Civil e a aplicação analógica do prazo de quatro anos previsto no artigo 1.614 do Código Civil. De lege ferenda propõe-se a elaboração de uma norma que fixe um prazo decadencial para que o marido e pai possa exercer o direito potestativo de negar a paternidade. / A study of paternity with emphasis on the rule of the caput of the article 1.601 of the Brazilian Civil Code law 10.406/2002, which states that its allowed to the husband contesting the paternity of his wifes child, and such claim is imprescriptible. The main purpose of the thesis is demonstrate the unconstitutionality of the fathers perpetual right to disregard the paternity of the minor born from a married couple, based on the principle of childs best interest. It was based on Brazilian Courts jurisprudence and bibliographical research. The criteria of legal presumption pater is est quem nuptiae demonstrant, of biological truth and of putative fatherhood were peered reviewed, and no hierarchical relevance was observed. Based on this survey it is reasonable to declare that the aforementioned rule is uncritically employed in the paternity issues. On the other hand, the child might not be a lifelong susceptible to paternal status changing based on the absence of biological linkage, in that: (i) this practice may be perverse and annihilate the human dignity; (ii) informal adoptions confirm the pater is est presumption; (iii) the paternity status must be undeniable, stable and promptly established. According to the arguments demonstrated along this thesis, the article 1.601 of Brazilian Civil Code must be banished and a four years term rule, as proposed by the article 1.614 of the Brazilian Civil Code, must fulfill it. It is mandatory the elaboration of a new rule of law in which the husband and father, after a four years period of limitation, is prohibited from denying the paternity.

L'image de la famille occidentale d'aujourd'hui s'est grandement diversifiée avec l'apparition de nouvelles structures familiales. Parmi ces nouveaux modèles familiaux, l'homoparentalité se distingue par la présence de deux parents de même sexe. Malgré les nouvelles règles en matière de filiation du projet de loi n°84 qui octroient qui octroie les mêmes droits et les mêmes responsabilités aux couples de même sexe que les couples hétérosexuels, les familles homoparentales sont encore sujettes à la controverse puisqu'elles dérogent de la signification culturelle et traditionnelle de la famille occidentale. À partir du témoignage de huit mères sociales1 lesbiennes, cette recherche qualitative explore le rôle de l'hétérosexisme dans la construction identitaire du rôle maternel chez la mère sociale. Les résultats de cette recherche exposent les différents impacts de l'hétérosexisme sur l'expérience de la maternité sur les répondantes. Brièvement, la maternité pour ces femmes est une source significative de valorisation. La confiance en soi ou le réseau de soutien entourant ces femmes constitue également des facteurs clés. En revanche, la figure familiale père/mère qui perdure dans la société laisse peu de place pour le parent n'ayant pas porté l'enfant. Il peut être difficile pour ces femmes de se bâtir en tant que mère considérant l’absence de diversité dans la représentation de la famille. Les entretiens relèvent également l’absence d’instances susceptibles de répondre aux questions spécifiques des mères sociales. À différents degrés, il ressort du discours des participantes qu’un milieu inadapté aux réalités des familles homoparentales peut les amener à éprouver un certain sentiment d’illégitimité. Ces constats démontrent que des améliorations sont encore nécessaires par rapport à la place que l’on accorde à la mère sociale dans la société.

[pt] Dentro do epistolário paulino a Carta aos Romanos é consagrada por vários estudiosos como o testemunho maior da missão do araldo Paulo. Composta por dezesseis capítulos, ela traz em seu bojo, entre outros, temas relevantes como a justificação pela fé, a Lei, a vida no Espírito e a filiação divina. O centro desta Epístola encontra-se aparentemente no capítulo 8 onde se desenvolve um tratado sobre o Pneuma. A presente pesquisa desenvolverá um estudo na unidade literária de Rm 8,14-17 sob a ótica do acolhimento da vida no Espírito que, consequentemente, gera filhos de Deus, tornando o homem herdeiro do Pai e co-herdeiro de Cristo. Todavia, vale salientar que o mistério da filiação divina não era estranho ao povo escolhido, pois Deus era considerado o Pai das Nações e de tudo que fora criado no céu e na terra conforme a TANAK (Gn 1,1-2,4a). Entretanto, com Cristo, é inaugurado uma nova perspectiva sem precedente na história da salvação. Por este viés, essa temática sempre será atual, haja vista que os textos neotestamentários têm como meta maior a epifania da pessoa de Jesus Cristo, Filho de Deus, que em si é a plenitude da revelação do Pai na vida do cristão (Jo 12,45; 14,6-11). Desta forma, em Cristo por intermédio do Espírito Santo, foi-nos dado a possibilidade de participar da vida divina, que no Batismo recebemos e nos permite a intimidade filial para gritarmos Abba Pai. Por fim, toda essa reflexão somente nos foi possível pela riqueza que encontramos nas ferramentas utilizadas, proporcionadas pelos métodos histórico-crítico, retórico e a vasta contribuição literária disposta em dicionários e comentários exegéticos. / [en] Within the Pauline epistolary the Letter to the Romans is consecrated by several scholars as the greatest testimony of the mission of Araldo Paul. Comprising sixteen chapters, it brings in its bulge, among others, relevant themes such as justification by faith, the Law, life in the Spirit and divine filiation. The center of this Epistle is apparently in chapter 8 where a treatise on spirit is developed. The present research will develop a study in the literary unit of Rm 8,14-17 from the viewpoint of the reception of the life in the Spirit that, consequently, generates children of God, making the man heir of the Father and co-heir of Christ. However, it is worth noting that the mystery of the divine sonship was not foreign to the chosen people, for God was considered to be the Father of Nations and everything created in heaven and on earth according to Tanak (Gen 1,1-2,4a). However, with Christ, an unprecedented new perspective is inaugurated in the history of salvation. By this bias, this theme will always be current, since the New Testament texts have as their main goal the epiphany of the person of Jesus Christ, the Son of God, who in himself is the fullness of the revelation of the Father in the life of the Christian (John 12,45; 14,6-11). In this way, in Christ through the Holy Spirit, we were given the possibility to participate in the divine life, which we received in Baptism and allow us the filial intimacy to shout Abba Father. Finally, all this reflection was only possible to us by wealth which we find in the tools used, provided by historical-critical, rhetorical methods and the vast literary contribution set forth in exegetical dictionaries and commentaries.