Os motores de busca tradicionais utilizam técnicas que rastreiam as páginas na Web através de links HTML. Porém a maior parte da Web não é acessada por essas técnicas. A parcela da Web não acessada é chamada de Web oculta. Uma enorme quantidade de informação estruturada e de melhor qualidade que a presente na Web tradicional está disponível atrás das interfaces de busca, os formulários que são pontos de entrada para a Web oculta. Essa porção da Web é de difícil acesso para os motores de busca, pois o preenchimento correto dos formulários representa um grande desafio, dado que foram construídos para a manipulação humana e possuem grande variabilidade e diversidade de línguas e domínios. O grande desafio é selecionar os valores corretos para os campos do formulário, realizando um número reduzido de submissões que obtenha a cobertura da maior parte da base de dados por trás do formulário. Vários trabalhos propõem métodos para busca na Web oculta, porém a maior parte deles apresenta grandes limitações para a aplicação automática na Web. Entre as principais limitações estão a dependência de informação prévia a respeito do domínio dos formulários, o não tratamento de todos os tipos de campos que um formulário pode apresentar e a correta seleção de um subgrupo do conjunto de todas as possibilidades de preenchimento de um formulário. No presente trabalho é apresentada uma arquitetura genérica para o preenchimento automático de formulários. A principal contribuição dessa arquitetura consiste na seleção de valores para o preenchimento de formulários através do método ITP (Instance template pruning). para o preenchimento de formulários através do método ITP (Instance template pruning). Muitos formulários apresentam um número inviável de possibilidades de preenchimento quando combinam os valores dos campos. O método ITP consegue reduzir drasticamente o número de possibilidades. A poda de diversas consultas é possível à medida que as submissões são feitas e o conhecimento a respeito do formulário é obtido. Os experimentos realizados mostraram que o método proposto é superior ao método utilizado como baseline. A comparação foi feita com o método que representa o estado da arte. O método proposto pode ser utilizado em conjunto com outros métodos de forma a obter uma busca efetiva na Web oculta. Desta forma, os experimentos a partir da combinação do ITP com o baseline também implicaram em bons resultados. / The traditional search engines crawl the Web pages through HTML links. However, the biggest part of the Web is invisible for these crawlers. The portion of the Web which is not accessed is called hidden Web. An enormous quantity of structured data and with higher quality than in the traditional Web is available behind search interfaces, the forms that are the entry points to the hidden Web. Access this part of theWeb by search engines is difficult because the correct filling of forms represent a big challenge. Since these forms are built for human manipulation and have big variability and diversity of domains and languages. The challenge is to select the correct values to fill the form fields, with a few number of submissions that reach good coverage of the database behind the form. Several works proposed methods to search the hidden Web. Most of these works present big limitations for an application that surfaces the entire Web in a horizontal and automatic way. The main limitations are the dependency of prior information about the form domains, the non-treatment of the all form field types and the correct selection of a subgroup of the set of all form filling possibilities. In the present work is presented a generic architecture for the automatic form filling. The main contribution of this architecture is the selection of values for the form submission through the ITP (Instance Template Pruning) method. Several forms have an infeasible number of form filling possibilities when combining all fields and values. The ITP method can drastically reduce the number of possibilities. The prune of many possible queries is feasible as the submissions are made and the knowledge about the form is obtained. The results of the experiments performed indicate that the ITP method is superior to the baseline utilized. The comparison is made with the method that represents the state of the art. The proposed method can be used with other methods in order to an effective search in the hidden Web. Therefore, the results by the combination of ITP and baseline methods also have implicated in good results.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-11-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:41:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ueda_jk_dr_arafo.pdf: 3962196 bytes, checksum: a5332fed2f0a6d42be6d3100aaa4ce11 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A preservação e a restauração de dentes despolpados severamente debilitados é um procedimento complexo e relativamente imprevisível. Este estudo avaliou a resistência à fratura de raízes bovinas experimentalmente debilitadas, reconstruídas internamente com diferentes materiais restauradores em combinação com pinos pré-fabricados de fibra de vidro comparados com raízes íntegras restauradas com núcleo metálico fundido ou pino de fibra de vidro. Foram selecionadas raízes de 120 (n=15) incisivos bovinos inferiores de dimensões semelhantes, dos quais, 90 foram internamente preparados para simular uma raiz debilitada. Todas as raízes foram preenchidas com diferentes materiais restauradores e os espécimes foram submetidos ao teste de resistência ao fracasso/ fratura com a aplicação de uma carga compressiva tangencial a um ângulo de 135º em relação ao longo eixo axial das raízes. Resultados indicaram diferenças estatisticamente significante entre os grupos. As raízes debilitadas restauradas com núcleo metálico fundido (grupo NMF-RD) demonstraram os mais baixos valores de resistência à fratura (107.7436 N), sendo estatisticamente diferentes dos demais grupos. As raízes íntegras restauradas com núcleo metálico fundido (NMF-RI) mostraram os maiores valores de resistência (362.3308 N), mas com diferenças estatisticamente significantes somente quando comparadas às raízes debilitadas restauradas com cimento resinoso dual (Variolink II, Ivoclar Vivadent - grupo Vario-RD), cimento resinoso autopolimerizável (Multilink, Ivoclar Vivadent - grupo Multi-RD) e cimento de ionômero de vidro modificado por resina (Vitremer, 3M ESPE - grupo Vitre-RD) associado com pino de fibra de vidro... / The preservation and restoration of severely weakened pulpless teeth is a difficult and relatively unpredictable procedure. This study evaluated the resistance to fracture of experimentally weakened bovine roots internally reconstructed with different filling materials in combination with prefabricated fiberglass posts compared with restored roots that were relatively intact. The roots of 120 mandibular bovine incisors with similar bulks were selected. Of these, 90 were internally prepared to standardized dimensions, thereby simulating weakness. All roots were filled with different restorative materials. The specimens were submitted to the fracture resistance testing with the application of a tangential compressive loading at an angle of 135º in relation to the long axes of the roots. Results indicated statistically significant differences among the groups. The weakened roots restored with the cast post-core (group NMF-RD) demonstrated the lowest fracture resistance values (107.7436 N), which were significantly different from the averages of the remaining groups. The healthy roots restored with the cast post-core (group NMF-RI) showed the highest values (362.3308 N), but statistically significant differences were observed only when compared with weakened roots restored by the dual-cured resin cements (Variolink II, Ivoclar Vivadent - group Vario-RD), chemically cured resin cements (Multilink, Ivoclar Vivadent - group Multi-RD) and resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (Vitremer, 3M ESPE - group Vitre-RD) associated with fiberglass posts. There was not statistically significant differences among the groups of the weakened roots restored with self-adhesive universal resin cement (RelyX Unicem, 3M ESPE - group Unicem-RD), composite resin (Tetric 15 Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent - group Tetric-RD), group Vitre-RD and group Vario-RD... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Master of Agribusiness / Department of Agricultural Economics / Vincent Amanor-Boadu / Order picking errors have an adverse effect on performance because they contribute to lost time, resources and customer loyalty. Therefore, it is imperative that organizations reduce errors as much as possible. However, organizations cannot effectively reduce errors until they understand the factors that determine and influence them and can isolate the sources of those errors. Product distribution at Frito Lay is very critical in the supply chain activities of the company and understanding and managing the level of errors that occur at the distribution phase of operations is critical for the firm’s long term sustained competitiveness. This study examines Frito Lay’s order filling processes and how order volumes affect the level of errors. The company uses two types of order picking technologies: prepick and bulk order, conventionally also known as pick-to-light and voice-pick technology respectively. The main objectives of the study are: (a) to examine the impact of size of volume processed at the distribution center on errors recorded for each order pick technology and (b) the impact of regional and seasonal differences across Frito Lay’s distribution network. The data pertaining to pre-pick volume, pre-pick error, bulk volume and bulk error were collected for ten consecutive quarters time period ranging from first quarter of 2009 to the second quarter of 2011 and across 16 divisional distribution centers in four regions of the U.S. The data were organized into a panel for analyses using Stata® 12.1. With no a priori foundation for choosing any particular structural equation form, a number of structural equations were estimated and compared to consistency with economic theory and internal consistency. Two different sets of models were estimated: one for each technology. The regression results from the analysis from the pre-pick order picking technology models showed the quadratic model was the “best” model, whereas the linear model turned out to be the “best” structural form for bulk order picking system. This research provides valuable information to management in attempt to address errors in the order fulfillment system. Because errors may be human, and these human errors may emanate from lack of knowledge or poor skills, they can be addressed with training and education. The human errors may also be a result of processes in the plant. These could be addressed by the reconfiguration of processes and educating people about those processes. Finally, the errors may be motivational, leading to poor focus in executing responsibilities. To address these types of errors, management may choose to implement both positive and negative incentives. Positive incentives will provide rewards to employees who meet error reduction targets that are established at the beginning of certain periods. Negative incentives may include penalties for exceeding pre-specified error thresholds. The Frito Lay system would benefit more from this research if the data had included human resource demographic data as well as economic information. It would have allowed the research to estimate the effect of errors on the economic performance of the different distribution centers and help determine the economically optimal level of errors at the different centers.

The project aimed at conceptually develop a solution that is able to automatically transfer an already stacked and measured heap of goods from an order tote into an erected corrugated cardboard box, whereas the dimensions of the corrugated cardboard box and the stack are allowed to vary within a specified interval. The method for this project consisted of five main parts: feasibility study; concept generation; concept choice; design; and evaluation. The project was initiated by a feasibility study where the problem was clarified and knowledge regarding the problem was gathered. The feasibility study resulted in an user requirement specification and a product requirement specification. The product requirement specification was utilized in the evaluation processof the final developed concept. The concept generation was conducted according to structured methods prescribed by Ulrich and Eppinger. The concept choice was done by the use of Pughs concept choice matrix. The result of this project consists of a conceptual proposal of how the previously described problem may be solved. The final developed concept resulted in a cad model. The evaluation showed that the concept did not fulfill the product requirement specification, despite this it is assessed that the concept in its working principle has good merits that are worth further investigation. Further development of the concept remain and validation of the working principle is needed. Further choices concerning form, material, and components remain. The report contributes to a foundation for further development of an automated filling mechanism for erected corrugated cardboard boxes.

The present study assessed and compared the influence of the root canal treatment with and without passive ultrasonic irrigation with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 10% citric acid on the sealing of pre-molars root canal fillings. A hundred and fifteen single-rooted, human mandibular pre-molars, with oval canal, were selected. The teeth were prepared with rotatory instrumentation and irrigated according to the following protocols (n=23): G1, 17% EDTA + US; G2, 17% EDTA; G3, 10% citric acid + US; G4, 10% citric acid and a control group, 2,5%.sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). The specimens were filled according to the no compaction technique and then inserted to a device for measuring the glucose leakage. Leakage was assessed through a Glucose Kit in a spectrophotometer at 7 and 30 days. Kruskal-Wallis test results showed less leakage on passive ultrasonic irrigation groups, with both test solutions (p<0,05). Mann-Whitney analysis showed that teeth treated with 17% EDTA showed less leakage levels then the ones treated with 10% citric acid (p<0,05). Passive ultrasonic irrigation with chelating solutions, specially EDTA, results in a better sealing of root canal filling Key-words: passive ultrasonic irrigation; sealing; root canal filling; citric acid. / O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar comparativamente a influência do tratamento do canal radicular com e sem irrigação ultrassônica passiva com ácido etilenodiaminotetracético 17% (EDTA) e ácido cítrico 10% sobre o selamento da obturação de canais radiculares de pré-molares. Foram utilizados cento e quinze pré-molares inferiores humanos de canal único e oval. Os elementos foram preparados com instrumentação rotatória e irrigados segundo os seguintes protocolos (n=23): G1, EDTA 17% + US; G2, EDTA 17%; G3, ácido cítrico 10% + US; G4, ácido cítrico 10% e um grupo controle, hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl) 2,5%. Todos os elementos foram obturados segundo a técnica da não compactação e em seguida inseridos em um dispositivo de infiltração de glicose. As medidas de infiltração foram analisadas através de um Kit Glicose em espectrofotômetro nos intervalos de tempo de 7 e 30 dias. Os resultados do teste de Kruskall-Wallis mostraram haver menor infiltração nos grupos nos quais foi utilizada a irrigação ultrassônica, com ambas as soluções teste (p<0,05). Segundo a análise de Mann-Whitney, o tratamento com EDTA 17% proporcionou menores níveis de infiltração comparado ao ácido cítrico 10% (p<0,05). A ativação ultrassônica de soluções quelantes durante o preparo, especialmente com o EDTA, melhora o selamento da obturação do canal radicular.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002-12-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:15:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 murata_ss_me_araca.pdf: 1986263 bytes, checksum: b2d0f830125168244f41777cc63efd3e (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A busca de um material ideal para a obturação dos canais de dentes decíduos, até então não alcançada, motivou a realização deste estudo, o qual analisou, histomorfologicamente, os resultados do emprego de 3 materiais obturadores. Assim, os canais radiculares de 80 dentes decíduos, anteriores de 6 cães da mesma ninhada, e com 60 dias de idade, foram empregados neste estudo. Após o preparo biomecânico, os canais radiculares foram obturados com os seguintes materiais: Pasta lentamente reabsorvível de Maisto, Sealer 26 com iodofórmio, Pasta L&C e, como grupo controle, dentes com canais preparados e não obturados.Trinta dias após o tratamento, os animais foram sacrificados e os espécimes preparados para análise histomorfológica. A análise estatística dos resultados permitiu que os materiais estudados fossem ordenados, em conformidade com o melhor ao pior resultado, da seguinte forma: a) Pasta lentamente reabsorvível de Maisto, b) Sealer 26 com iodofórmio, c) Controle, d) Pasta L&C. Ocorreu diferença estatisticamente significante (0,1%) apenas entre os resultados dos diferentes grupos e os da Pasta L&C. Verificou-se, ainda que a Pasta L&C mostrou incompatibilidade biológica e que os demais materiais foram biocompatíveis, porém, suas velocidades de reabsorção não acompanharam a das raízes dos dentes decíduos. / The problem of finding an ideal material for filling root canals of deciduous teeth was not solved until now. This fact stimulated the development of an experimentation to analyze histomorphologically 3 root canal filling materials. Eighty root canals of dogs deciduous anterior teeth from 6 animals, 60 days old, were employed in this study. After the biomechanical preparation the root canals were filled with the following materials: slowly resorbible Maisto paste, Sealer 26 with iodoform, L&C paste (calcium hydroxide with olive oil) and as control group, canals that were prepared but not filled. Thirty days after the treatment the animals were sacrificed and the pieces prepared for histomorphological analysis. The statistical analysis ordered the materials from the best to the worse results in the following way: a - Maisto paste, b - Sealer 26 with iodoform, c - control group, d - L&C paste. There was significant difference (0.1%) only when the studied groups were compared with the L&C paste group. There was also observed that L&C paste was not biologically compatible and that the other materials were biocompatible but its resorption was not in the same rate as the one of the deciduous teeth roots.

This study aimed to know the perception of attendants that work in fuel stations about risks and satisfaction at work. It is a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research. The theoretical framework was the Psychodynamic of Work and the scenario was eight fuel stations localized in the urban area of Santa Maria/RS. The participants were eight attendants of different fuel stations. Data collection was carried out through semistructured interviews. The data obtained was analyzed through Bardin s content analysis proposal. The research followed all ethical and legal aspects pertinent to the appropriate implementation of study, being developed according to the Committee of Ethics and Research from the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, according to the Resolution Nº 466/12 of the National Health Council. Concerning the results, these were organized in three categories titled: Experiences of satisfaction and dissatisfaction lived by attendants; Risks and hazards due to working in fuel stations. Thus, the context of work of attendants has fundamental role in issues that involve satisfaction and dissatisfaction experiences. The organization and conditions of work may evoke suffering and take to both physical and mental illness. The socio-professional relationships may begin experiences of satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Dissatisfaction also arises from work schedules. On the other hand, work satisfaction is given by acknowledgment, employment, security and convenience, besides cooperation among the employees. In relation to occupational risks, which they are exposed to, there is a limited perception concerning the attendants. The results here evidenced might contribute to improve this context of work, straightening experiences that generate satisfaction, reframing the experiences of dissatisfaction. Thus, the environment of fuel stations shows a relevant field to nursing actions, in order to contribute to the prevention of accidents and promotion in health of these employees, having as objective the construction of proactive subjects, protagonists of their own health-work relation history. / O presente estudo tem como objetivo geral conhecer a percepção de trabalhadores frentistas de postos de combustíveis acerca dos riscos e satisfação no trabalho. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo exploratório-descritivo. O referencial teórico deste estudo foi a Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. O cenário do estudo foi oito postos de combustíveis localizados na área urbana do município de Santa Maria/RS e os participantes foram oito trabalhadores frentistas de diferentes postos de combustíveis. A técnica de coleta de dados empregada foi a entrevista semiestruturada e os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio da Análise de Conteúdo proposta por Bardin. A pesquisa atendeu a todos os aspectos éticos e legais, sendo desenvolvido mediante aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, conforme preconizado pela Resolução Nº 466/12 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Quanto aos resultados, estes foram organizados em três categorias intituladas: Contexto de trabalho de postos de combustíveis; Vivências de satisfação e insatisfação de trabalhadores frentistas; e Riscos e agravos decorrentes do trabalho em postos de combustíveis. Deste modo, evidenciou-se que o contexto de trabalho dos frentistas tem papel fundamental nas questões que envolvem vivências de satisfação e insatisfação. A organização do trabalho e as condições de trabalho podem suscitar sofrimento e levar ao adoecimento, tanto físico como psíquico. As relações socioprofissionais possibilitam vivências de satisfação e insatisfação. A insatisfação também surge da rotatividade no trabalho. Já a satisfação no trabalho é dada pela identificação com o trabalho, pelo reconhecimento, pela empregabilidade, segurança e comodidade, além da cooperação entre os pares. Em relação aos riscos ocupacionais aos quais estão expostos, constata-se uma percepção limitada dos trabalhadores frentistas. Os resultados aqui evidenciados podem contribuir para a melhoria deste contexto de trabalho, fortalecendo as vivências geradoras de satisfação e ressignificando as vivências de insatisfação. Portanto, o ambiente dos postos de combustíveis se mostra um campo relevante para a atuação da Enfermagem, a fim de contribuir para a prevenção de agravos e promoção da saúde destes trabalhadores, objetivando a construção de sujeitos proativos e protagonistas da sua história na relação saúde-trabalho.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-05-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:31:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_rkp_me_arafo.pdf: 1114536 bytes, checksum: 168f29b7a36e3e5efcd89c839651e545 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O objetivo deste estudo foi o de avaliar, in vivo, a biocompatibilidade e a influência da infiltração, no sentido coroa/ápice, na reparação dos tecidos apicais e periapicais pós-tratamento endodôntico, utilizando dois diferentes materiais obturadores: o cimento Sealapex e um sistema resinoso de obturação de canal radicular denominado de sistema Epiphany/Resilon. Os resultados mostraram que o sistema Epiphany/Resilon apresentou resposta tecidual apical e periapical melhor que o cimento Sealapex, independente da presença ou não de restauração coronária, em todos os aspectos estudados. O sistema Epiphany/Resilon com restauração coronária apresentou melhores resultados que o mesmo sistema sem restauração coronária. O cimento Sealapex sofreu influência da infiltração coronária, apresentando, em todas as variáveis estudadas, os piores resultados, quando exposto ao meio bucal. / The objective of this study was to evaluate, in vivo, the biocompatibility and the leakage influence, in the crown-apex direction, in the endodontic post-treatment repairing of apical and periapical tissues, using two different filling materials: Sealapex sealer and a resinous cement of root canal filling - Epiphany/Resilon. The results showed that Epiphany/Resilon system presented apical and periapical tissue response better than Sealapex independent of presence or no of the coronary restoration, in all studied aspects. Epiphany/Resilon system, with coronary restoration presented better results than of the same system without coronary restoration. Sealapex was influenced by the coronary exposition to oral environment, presenting the worst results in all studied variables.

Orientador: Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva / Banca: Mario Roberto Leonardo / Banca: Jesus Djalma Pécora / Resumo: Foram utilizados 115 dentes pré molares inferiores de humanos, que foram divididos em 5 grupos de 16 dentes cada; sendo 5 grupos com 5 dentes cada, utilizados como controle positivo e, 5 grupos de 2 dentes como controle negativo. Em todos os dentes após a abertura coronária, foi realizado o desbridamento foraminal com uma lima tipo Kerr no 15 até 1mm além do forame apical e o preparo biomecânico a 1mm aquém comprimento real do dente. Foram utilizados para a instrumentação dos canais radiculares, os sistemas de limas rotatórias de níquel titânio ProFile 0.4/.06 e Quantec, e a técnica Clássica Modificada; sendo o batente apical preparado até a lima 45 de cada técnica de instrumentação. A cada troca de lima, foi utilizado o hipoclorito de sódio à 1% como solução irrigadora. Posteriormente os dentes foram obturados pelos sistemas de guta-percha termoplastificada Thermafil, Microseal e pela técnica da Condensação Lateral Ativa; utilizando como cimento obturador; AH Plus. Após as obturações os dentes foram impermeabilizados com esmalte de unha, exceto, o 1mm ao redor do forame apical; imersos no corante de azul de metileno à 2% sob vácuo e fraturados de maneira a serem obtidas duas hemi-partes. A penetração do corante foi medida com auxílio de um perfilômetro, e os dados, após análise estatística mostraram que, o grupo de dentes instrumentados pelo sistema ProFile 0.4/.06 e obturados com o sistema Thermafil, apresentaram menor infiltração apical, quando comparado com os demais grupos. / Abstract: It was evaluated 115 mandibular premolars of humans, that were divided in 5 groups of 16 teeth each; 5 groups with 5 teeth each, used as positive control and 5 groups of 2 teeth as negative control. After coronary acess, the apical patency was accomplished with a file type Kerr no 15 up to 1mm after the apical foramen and prepared to 1mm short of working length. Instrumentation wasdone, using ProFile 0,04 and 0,06 and Quantec, stotary files and the Modified Classic technique; The apical preparation used a file 45 as memory file. After each file change, sodium hypochlorite was used at 1% as irrigation solution. The teeth were filled using systems of thermoplasticized gutta-percha Thermafil, Microseal and the technique of the Active Lateral Condensation. The sealer used was the AH Plus root canal sealer. After obturation the teeth were waterproof with fingernail enamel, except, the 1mm short of the apical foramen; immerged in the coloring of methylene blue at 2% under vacuum and fractured in a way where it was obtained two hemi-parts. The penetration of the coloring was measured with aid of a Nikon Profile Projector, and the data, after statistical analysis showed that, the group of teeth under the system ProFile 0,04 and 0,06 and filled with the system Thermafil, presented lower leakage apical, when compared with other groups. / Mestre

Vertical baggers play an important role in the packaging of food granulates such as bite-sized snacks, candy and nuts. Increasing demands regarding productivity and throughput pressure manufacturers to employ increasingly sophisticated engineering tools over conventional design through trial and error and experience. The Discrete Element Method (DEM) is a powerful tool for prediction of bulk behavior, however randomness in the packaging process impairs reproducibility of simulations, especially when working in the typical range of particle counts less than 1000. This study looks into statistic methods to determine under which conditions adequate reliability of simulation results can be achieved. Both the influence of the goal variables used to describe the process and the influence of the particle count are discussed. The examples given can be adapted to similar scenarios and lay the foundation for future simulation assisted design of vertical filling processes.