Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:16:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Maria Cristina Forbes Santos Bustamante.pdf: 1772291 bytes, checksum: 84cc7e884259a3fc0a8ca095cc88b7df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-19 / Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / The knowledge about epidemiology of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis - ACL still has gaps. The influences of environmental and peridomestic characteristics over its occurrence are not well defined. This study aimed to investigate the asymptomatic occurrence of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in humans and dogs, and to evaluate the natural infection of phlebotomine vectors at Engenheiro Paulo de Frontin, a disease-free of autochthonous ACL municipality, part of an endemic region. An epidemiological inquiry was developed from march/2006 to december/2007 with the support of the Family Health Program of the Municipality Health Secretary Office in the five sanitary areas. Fifty families participated in the study, yielding a total of 95 volunteers who were exposed or not to known risk factors. Procedures involved structured interviews, Montenegro skin Test (IDRM), serology done by Enzime Linked Immunossorbent Assay (ELISA), and Indirect Immunofluorescence (IIF). All the volunteers had their dogs examined by the serology procedures and including a clinical exam. The existing environment was reported and phlebotomine sand flies were captured in the peridomestic environment to have all the present species identified. Infection by L. (V.) braziliensis was also determined by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Observed frequencies for positive results in humans were: 9%, 6.4% and 13.8% for IDRM, ELISA and IFI, respectively. Of 39 dogs examined, 5.1% were positive for ELISA and 23% for IFI, and from the seven species of phlebotomine sand flies captured, Lutzomyia migonei (59%) and L. intermedia (20.9%) were the most frequent. Natural infection rate of phlebotomine vectors were 5% or less, by PCR. The absence of active cases and the low percentage of positive tests found in humans and dogs, and the non-matching results, lead to the suggestion that there is no extra forest transmission of L. (V.) braziliensis in the county, despite of the high natural infection rate of phlebotomines sand flies. Large areas of preserved forests scattered around 52% of the municipality appears to be the only and main difference from the surrounding municipality, thus allowing maintenance of the ecological niches of the phlebotomine sand flies and reducing the pressure for adaptive changes. / O conhecimento acerca da epidemiologia da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA) ainda possui lacunas. As influ?ncias de caracter?sticas ambientais e peridom?sticas sobre sua ocorr?ncia n?o est?o bem definidas. Este estudo buscou investigar a poss?vel ocorr?ncia de infec??o assintom?tica por Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis em humanos e c?es e a infec??o natural dos flebotom?neos vetores no munic?pio de Engenheiro Paulo de Frontin, indene para LTA aut?ctone e circundado por munic?pios end?micos. Foi realizado um inqu?rito epidemiol?gico entre mar?o de 2006 e dezembro de 2007, sendo investigadas as cinco ?reas de sa?de do munic?pio, com apoio do Programa de Sa?de da Fam?lia da Secretaria Municipal de Sa?de. Participaram do estudo cinq?enta fam?lias expostas ou n?o aos fatores de risco conhecidos, totalizando noventa e cinco volunt?rios. Entrevistas estruturadas, Intradermorrea??o de Montenegro (IDRM) e sorologia para leishmaniose, por ELISA e por Imunofluoresc?ncia Indireta (IFI) foram realizadas nos volunt?rios, cujos c?es foram tamb?m submetidos a exame cl?nico e sorologia pelos mesmos m?todos. O ambiente circundante foi descrito e flebotom?neos foram capturados nos peridomic?lios para identifica??o das esp?cies presentes e de infec??o por L. (V.) braziliensis pela t?cnica de rea??o em cadeia de polimerase (RCP). As freq??ncias encontradas de positividade nos testes em humanos foram de: 9%, 6,4% e 13,8% para IDRM, ELISA e IFI, respectivamente. Dos trinta e nove c?es examinados 5,1%, foram positivos ao ELISA e 23% ? IFI. Das sete esp?cies de flebotom?neos capturadas, predominaram Lutzomyia migonei (59%) e L. intermedia (20,9%). A taxa de infec??o natural dos flebotom?neos foi de at? 5% ? RCP. A aus?ncia de casos ativos e as baixas positividades verificadas nos testes em humanos e em c?es e a discord?ncia entre os resultados levam a supor que n?o ocorre transmiss?o extraflorestal de L. (V.) braziliensis no munic?pio, a despeito da alta taxa de infec??o natural dos flebotom?neos. Grandes ?reas de mata preservada dispersas pelo territ?rio (52% do munic?pio) parecem ser o ?nico diferencial em rela??o aos munic?pios circundantes, permitindo a manuten??o dos nichos ecol?gicos dos flebotom?neos e reduzindo a press?o por mudan?as adaptativas.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-09-13T13:48:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) amanda_oliveira_baracho.pdf: 1018229 bytes, checksum: 7da405c92d90a6056df94d878fc77113 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-10-02T16:26:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) amanda_oliveira_baracho.pdf: 1018229 bytes, checksum: 7da405c92d90a6056df94d878fc77113 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-02T16:27:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) amanda_oliveira_baracho.pdf: 1018229 bytes, checksum: 7da405c92d90a6056df94d878fc77113 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 / Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM) / A leishmaniose visceral ? uma doen?a parasit?ria de transmiss?o vetorial causada por protozo?rios do g?nero Leishmania, com elevado grau de letalidade e que atinge milh?es de pessoas no mundo. A busca por produtos alternativos para a elimina??o do vetor tem como objetivo minimizar os impactos causados pelos inseticidas qu?micos sint?ticos utilizados pelos programas de controle, sendo cada vez mais frequente a pesquisa em produtos de origem bot?nica com atividade inseticida. Organismos vegetais s?o capazes de produzir compostos org?nicos de comprovada toxicidade frente aos insetos e, diante disto, avaliou-se neste trabalho a atividade inseticida de extratos de Caryocar brasiliense, planta nativa do Cerrado popularmente conhecida como ?pequi?, sobre flebotom?neos da esp?cie Lutzomyia longipalpis, principal transmissora da leishmaniose visceral. Extratos hidroetan?licos, etan?licos e ciclohex?nicos de folhas e cascas de C. brasiliense foram preparados e dilu?dos em solu??o de Tween 80 a 3% para a obten??o de concentra??es a 50, 100, 200 e 400 mg.mL-1, para a realiza??o dos ensaios biol?gicos. Os flebotom?neos foram coletados em uma localidade rural do munic?pio de Diamantina/MG. Um n?mero amostral de 30 flebotom?neos foi posto em contato com os extratos e a mortalidade foi avaliada ap?s 1, 2, 4, 16, 24 48 e 72 horas de exposi??o, bem como grupos controle negativos (?gua destilada e Tween) e positivo (cipermetrina). A identifica??o dos constituintes qu?micos dos extratos tamb?m foi avaliada. Ap?s 72h de experimento, foram registradas mortalidades de 93,3% pelo extrato hidroetan?lico da casca a 400 mg.mL-1, 66,3% pelo etan?lico da casca a 50 mg.mL-1 e 81,1% pelo ciclohex?nico de folhas a 200 mg.mL-1. Os extratos hidroetan?licos da casca mostraram-se estatisticamente semelhantes ? a??o da cipermetrina em 72h de experimento, indicando que este extrato foi o mais eficiente quanto ? atividade inseticida. Foram identificados triterpenos, esteroides, taninos, flavonoides, alcaloides e saponinas nos extratos. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os extratos hidroetan?licos de C. brasiliense, sobretudo das cascas, s?o promissores na busca por compostos naturais com atividade inseticida sobre Lu. longipalpis. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2018. / Visceral leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by a protozoan of the genus Leishmania with high lethality rate that reaches millions of people worldwide. The impacts caused by synthetic insecticides used in control programs are well known. In this context, research on alternative products for vector control, especially products of botanical origin, has been frequent in order to minimize the impacts of synthetic ones. Plants are capable to produce organic compounds with insect toxicity. Here, the insecticidal activity of Caryocar brasiliense extracts, a native plant of Brazilian savannah, popularly known as "pequi", on Lutzomyia longipalpis, the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis, was tested. Hydroethanolic, ethanolic and cyclohexanic extracts of leaves and barks of C. brasiliense were prepared and diluted in Tween 80 (3%) to obtain concentrations of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg.mL-1 for the biological tests. Phlebotomine sandflies were collected in a rural locality of Diamantina (Minas Gerais state, Brazil). Thirty sand flies were exposed to the extracts and mortality was evaluated after 1, 2, 4, 16, 24 48 and 72 hours of exposure, as well as negative control groups (distilled water and Tween) and positive (cypermethrin). Chemical compounds of the extracts were also evaluated. Mortalities rates of 93.3% were observed for the hydroethanolic extract of the bark at 400 mg.mL-1, 66.3% for the ethanolic bark at 50 mg.mL-1 and 81.1% for the cyclohexane of leaves at 200 mg.mL-1. The hydroethanolic extracts of the bark showed to be statistically similar to the action of cypermethrin in 72h of the experiment, indicating that this extract was the most efficient as an insecticide. Triterpenes, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins were identified in the extracts. The results obtained suggest that the hydroethanolic extracts of C. brasiliense, especially of the bark, are promising for the use of natural compounds to control Lu. longipalpis.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-09-12T18:39:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) yrllan_ribeiro_sincura.pdf: 1372727 bytes, checksum: 658bffd6fd52f41fbd207a828e8d098a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-10-02T16:31:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) yrllan_ribeiro_sincura.pdf: 1372727 bytes, checksum: 658bffd6fd52f41fbd207a828e8d098a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-02T16:31:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) yrllan_ribeiro_sincura.pdf: 1372727 bytes, checksum: 658bffd6fd52f41fbd207a828e8d098a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 / Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM) / A leishmaniose visceral (LV) ? uma doen?a altamente letal quando n?o tratada e de car?ter reemergente. ? transmitida atrav?s da picada do flebotom?neo f?mea da esp?cie Lutzomyia longipalpis, inseto com grande distribui??o nas Am?ricas. O controle vetorial ? realizado atrav?s da aplica??o de inseticidas piretr?ides sint?ticos residuais de a??o r?pida sobre os insetos como a ?-cipermetrina e a deltametrina. Nos ?ltimos tempos tem se observado o surgimento de popula??es resistentes o que tem aumentado o interesse pela descoberta de novas mol?culas que possam ser utilizadas no controle de vetores. As plantas s?o um importante e promissor campo de pesquisa, uma vez que j? produzem mol?culas com a??o inseticida. Este estudo objetivou analisar a a??o inseticida de extratos de folhas e cascas de Protium heptaphyllum sobre Lutzomyia longipalpis selvagens. Para isso foram confeccionados extratos hidroalco?licos, etan?licos e ciclo- hex?nicos das folhas e cascas de Protium heptaphyllum. Nestes foram realizados estudos fitoqu?micos para prospec??o de classes de compostos secund?rios com a??o biol?gica. Os bioensaios foram realizados em potes pl?sticos adaptados e utilizou-se flebotom?neos Lu. longipalpis selvagens, oriundos da comunidade de Aroeira em Diamantina-MG. Obtivemos como resultado dos estudos fitoqu?micos, diversas classes de metab?litos secund?rios como terpenos, esteroides, taninos, flavonoides, alcaloides e saponinas, com destaque para os extratos de folhas onde foi observado um maior n?mero de classes em rela??o ?s cascas. Os bioensaios realizados evidenciaram uma a??o inseticida dos extratos hidroalco?licos e ciclo- hex?nicos que tiveram resultados estatisticamente semelhantes ? ?-cipermetrina. Apesar de composi??o qu?mica semelhante as demais, os extratos etan?licos apresentaram uma baixa atividade sobre os insetos. Com isso, conclu?mos que Protium heptaphyllum, possui atividade inseticida sobre Lu. longipalpis. Dessa forma, este estudo contribui com o desenvolvimento de m?todos de controle de insetos mais eficientes e menos agressivos aos humanos e outros animais. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2018. / Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a highly lethal disease when untreated and reemerging. It is transmitted through the bite of the female sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis, a large-dose insect in the Americas. Vector control is performed through the application of fast acting residual synthetic pyrethroids on insects such as cypermethrin and deltamethrin. In recent times has been observed the emergence of resistant populations which has increased interest in the discovery of new molecules that can be used in the control of vectors. Plants are an important and promising field of research, since they already produce molecules with insecticidal action. This study aimed to analyze the insecticidal action of leaves and bark extracts of Protium heptaphyllum on wild Lutzomyia longipalpis. Hydroalcoholic, ethanolic and cyclohexanic extracts of the leaves and bark of Protium heptaphyllum were made. In these, phytochemical studies were found to identify groups of individuals with biological action. The bioassays were carried out in adapted plastic pots and wild Lu. longipalpis were used, originating from the community of Aroeira in Diamantina-MG. We obtained as a result of the phytochemical studies, several classes of secondary metabolites such as terpenes, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins, especially leaf extracts where a greater number of classes were observed in relation to the bark. The bioassays performed showed an insecticidal action of hydroalcoholic and cyclohexane extracts that had statistically similar results to cypermethrin. Despite chemical composition similar to the others, the ethanolic extracts presented a low activity on the insects. From this investigation, we conclude that Protium heptaphyllum has insecticidal activity on Lu. longipalpis. Thus, this study contributes to the development of insect control methods that are more efficient and less aggressive to humans and other animals.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-03-12T18:23:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcelMirandaDeMedeirosSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 3559206 bytes, checksum: 8939b90a70f7fadf56b00c1a77dd4dd6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-03-15T21:22:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcelMirandaDeMedeirosSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 3559206 bytes, checksum: 8939b90a70f7fadf56b00c1a77dd4dd6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-15T21:22:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcelMirandaDeMedeirosSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 3559206 bytes, checksum: 8939b90a70f7fadf56b00c1a77dd4dd6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-31 / O desflorestamento tem impactado diretamente sobre a bionomia e biologia dos vetores de leishmaniose. A vigil?ncia entomol?gica, como medida preconizada pela OMS para o estabelecimento das a??es de controle e monitoramento da transmiss?o de Leishmania, requer a captura de flebotom?neos em ec?topos diferentes. Para esta finalidade, as armadilhas luminosas do tipo Center for Disease Control s?o as mais utilizadas. Adapta??es vem sendo desenvolvidas visando maior atratividade dos flebotom?neos e, consequentemente, maior n?mero de insetos capturados nas armadilhas. A percep??o de diferentes comprimentos de onda do espectro vis?vel pelo flebotom?neos ainda n?o est? completamente elucidada. O estudo pautou-se na investiga??o da fauna de flebotom?neos de uma zona de prote??o ambiental na zona norte de Natal e seu entorno, observando tamb?m a atratividade de cada esp?cie em rela??o ao espectro vis?vel emitido por tr?s l?mpadas diferentes: LED azul, LED vermelho e controle incandescente. As capturas dos flebotom?neos ocorreram durante 1 ano, com a frequ?ncia de 3 dias consecutivos por m?s, nos ec?topos de mata e peridomic?lio; Diariamente as armadilhas eram trocadas de posi??o. A fauna de flebotom?neos capturados revelou sete esp?cies divididas em cinco g?neros. O teste H? de Kruskal-Wallis revelou uma influ?ncia significante entre o espectro luminoso emitido pela l?mpada da armadilha e a abund?ncia de insetos capturados. O teste do modelo linear generalizado demonstrou uma influ?ncia significante entre os conjuntos ?rea-sexo e cor-?rea com o n?mero de flebotom?neos coletados. As armadilhas que utilizam LED azul apresentaram uma maior efic?cia na captura dos flebotom?neos, apresentando valores quase duas vezes maior que a l?mpada incandescente. As l?mpadas com tecnologia LED substituem favoravelmente a atra??o e captura das esp?cies de flebotom?neos, aumentando a efic?cia na diversidade e abund?ncia. / Deforestation has directly impacted the biology and bionomy of leishmaniasis vectors. Entomological surveillance, as a measure recommended by the WHO for the establishment of control actions and monitoring of Leishmania transmission, requires the capture of sandflies in different ecotopes. For this purpose, light traps of the Center for Disease Control type are the most commonly used. Adaptations have been developed to enhance the attractiveness of sand flies and, consequently, capture more insects in the traps. The perception of different wavelengths of the spectrum visible by sand flies is not yet fully elucidated. The study was based on the investigation of phlebotomine sand fly fauna of an environmental protection zone in the north of Natal city and its surroundings, also observing the attractiveness of each species in relation to the visible spectrum emitted by three different lamps: blue LED, red LED and glow control. Phlebotomine catches occurred for one year, with a frequency of three consecutive days per month, in forest and peridomicillary ecotopes; Traps were changed every day. The fauna of captured sand flies revealed seven species divided into five genera. The Kruskal-Wallis H' test revealed a noteworthy difference between the light spectrum emitted by the trap lamp and the abundance of captured insects. The test of the generalized linear model demonstrated a significant influence between the area-sex and color-area sets with the number of sandflies collected. Traps using blue LED showed a greater efficiency in the capture of sand flies, presenting values almost twice as great as the incandescent lamp. Lamps with LED technology favorably replace the attraction and capture of phlebotomine sandflies species, increasing the effectiveness in diversity and abundance.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:16:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007- Patricia Giupponi Cardoso.pdf: 1457957 bytes, checksum: 77491851c890766bcc83bde133994ac6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-16 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) is a no contagious infectious illness caused by Leishmania protozoa genera affecting skin and mucous membranes basically being a zoonotic infection. The aim of this study was to cany out phlebotominic fauna survey in ACL human cases occurrence areas. For sandfly collection monthly systematic captures by Castro trap from 6 o clock p.m. to 10 o clock p.m. for 12 months were performed. The diptera were placed on 70% alcohol bottles and carried to Sergio Arouca Public Health National School Biological Sciences Department Vectors Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, where they have been clarified and identified, as well. For dogs serology, blood samples from invaded residences animals as well as from a neighbour one, by venous puncture were taken. After serum centrifugation and separation, samples were stored at 20?C till serological assays performance at FIOCRUZ Public Health Nation School Immunodiagnosis Laboratory. The following methods: Indirect Immunofluorescence Reaction (IFIR) and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used. From October, 2004 to September, 2005, 2390 units from four species were captured. The predominant species was the Lutzomyia intermedia with 97.1% from total collected, followed by L. whitmani 1.6%, L.migonei 1.21% and L.oswaldoi 0.09 %. From 35 dogs serology: 60% (21) no reagent animals were reported, 22.9% just for ELISA, 2.9% for IFIR, and 14.2% (5) reagent animals for both techniques, definitely positive. No correlated evidences between serologies (IFIR+/ELISA+ and other results) in regard to animals residence (ill or neighbour) by Fisher statistical test were reported. It might be suggested that ACL transmission in Serop?dica County has basically been spread by Lutzomyia intermedia specie. The presence of reagent dogs unless suggestive injury may contribute for new ACL reports. / A Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA) ? uma doen?a infecciosa n?o contagiosa causada por protozo?rios do g?nero Leishmania que acomete a pele e mucosa, sendo primariamente uma infec??o zoon?tica. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar o levantamento da fauna flebotom?nica em ?reas com ocorr?ncia de casos humanos de LTA. Para coleta dos fleb?tomos foram realizadas capturas mensais sistem?ticas utilizando o capturador de Castro, no hor?rio das 18 ?s 22h, durante 12 meses. Os d?pteros foram colocados em frascos contendo ?lcool 70% e transportados para o laborat?rio de Vetores do Departamento de Ci?ncias Biol?gicas da Escola Nacional de Sa?de P?blica S?rgio Arouca, Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz, RJ, onde foram clarificados e identificados. Para sorologia dos c?es, amostras de sangue foram coletadas por venopun??o em animais residentes nos domic?lios acometidos e de c?es vizinhos. Ap?s centrifuga??o e separa??o do soro, as amostras foram conservadas a -20?C, at? o momento da realiza??o dos ensaios sorol?gicos no laborat?rio de Imudiagn?stico da ENSP, da FIOCRUZ. Empregaram-se os seguintes m?todos: Rea??o de Imunofluoresc?ncia Indireta (RIFI) e o enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Foram capturados 2390 exemplares de flebotom?neos entre os meses de outubro de 2004 a setembro de 2005, pertencentes a quatro esp?cies. A esp?cie predominante foi a Lutzomyia intermedia com 97,1% do total coletado, seguida pela L. whitmani 1,6% , L.migonei 1,21% e L.oswaldoi 0,09 %. Da sorologia de 35 c?es: 60% (21) animais foram considerados n?o reativos; 22,9% reativos somente para ELISA; 2,9% somente RIFI e 14,2% (5) dos c?es reativos para as duas t?cnicas, conclusivamente positivos. N?o houve evid?ncias de associa??o entre sorologia (RIFI+/ELISA+ e outros resultados) com a propriedade do animal (paciente ou vizinho), segundo o teste exato de Fisher. Aparentemente a transmiss?o da LTA no munic?pio de Serop?dica esteja sendo veiculada pela L. intermedia. A presen?a de c?es reativos sem a exist?ncia de les?o sugestiva pode contribir para novos focos da LTA, funcionando como um animal em potencial para manuten??o da protozoose.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KatrineBC_DISSERT.pdf: 2187562 bytes, checksum: 627928d0d596460a5d50324bd6dae9fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-17 / Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has a wide geographical distribution in tropical and subtropical areas of the planet, which is a protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania. This pathogen is transmitted to the host through the sandflies bite, with its saliva, the immune response that leads to both. In the state of Rio Grande do Norte, 85% of the sand flies captured is Lutzomyia longipalpis, but the second most abundant, Lutzomyia evandroi, it deserves emphasis because its wide distribution and eclectic behavior. The exposure of people living in endemic areas for the insect vector VL greatly increases the chances of infection. This study aimed to evaluate aspects of the epidemiological profile of VL in endemic areas of human and nonendemic in the metropolitan area of Natal, as well as verify the abundance and seasonal fluctuations of sandflies species in two counties endemic for VL. Were collected in the municipalities of N?sia Floresta, Parnamirim, S?o Gon?alo do Amarante and Maca?ba, of which groups of females were separated for further dissection of the salivary glands and identification of species. The blood samples used were from individuals of two Natal s districts where it has never been reported cases of VL and neighborhoods of Parnamirim applicants who present cases of VL. In the municipality of N?sia Floresta, the most abundant species was L. evandroi with 38.39%, followed by L. longipalpis with 36.22%, L. walkeri 19.67% L. lenti 3.81%, L. wellcomei 1.39% and L. whitmani 0.52%. Already in Parnamirim the proportions were L. walkeri with 73.15%, L. evandroi with 10.55%, L. wellcomei 7.63%, L. longipalpis 6.37%, L. whitmani 1.46%, L. sordellii 0.52%, L. intermedia 0.21 and L. shanonni 0.1%. In both municipalities was observed higher abundance of species distributed in the initial months of the year, as February and March. The study showed that no difference in exposure to the vector of VL among individuals from endemic and non endemic area for this disease. But there are differences in exposure between individuals of L. longipalpis and L. evandroi, confirming the great powers of the first vector. It was also characterized as predominant phenotype in the population of endemic areas who had negative serologic responses to antigens of Leishmania and result in negative Montenegro skin test (DTH), indicating that much of the population hasn t been bitten by infected insects / A Leishmaniose visceral (LV) tem vasta distribui??o geogr?ficas nas ?reas tropicais e subtropicais do planeta, cujo parasito ? um protozo?rio do g?nero Leishmania. Esse pat?geno ? transmitido aos hospedeiros atrav?s da picada do flebotom?neo, juntamente com sua saliva, o que leva resposta imunol?gica a ambos. No estado do Rio Grande do Norte, 85% da fauna flebotom?nica capturada corresponde a Lutzomyia longipalpis, por?m o segundo mais abundante, Lutzomyia evandroi, vem merecendo destaque devido ao seu comportamento ecl?tico e ampla distribui??o. A exposi??o de pessoas residentes em ?rea end?mica para a LV ao inseto vetor aumenta grandemente as chances de infec??o. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar aspectos do perfil epidemiol?gico de LV de ?rea end?mica e n?o end?mica na Regi?o Metropolitana de Natal, assim como verificar a abund?ncia e flutua??o sazonal de esp?cies de flebotom?neos em dois munic?pios end?micos para a LV. Foram realizadas coletas nos munic?pios de N?sia Floresta, Parnamirim, S?o Gon?alo do Amarante e Maca?ba, dos quais foram separados grupos de f?meas para posterior disseca??o das gl?ndulas salivares e identifica??o das esp?cies. As amostras de sangue utilizadas foram provenientes de indiv?duos de dois bairros de Natal onde nunca fora relatado casos de LV e de bairros de Parnamirim que apresentam casos recorrentes de LV. No munic?pio de N?sia Floresta, a esp?cie mais abundante foi L. evandroi com 38,39%, seguida de L. longipalpis com 36,22%, L. walkeri 19,67%, L. lenti 3,81%, L. wellcomei 1,39% e L. whitmani 0,52%. J? em Parnamirim, as propor??es foram L. walkeri com 73,15%, L. evandroi com 10,55%, L. wellcomei 7,63%, L. longipalpis 6,37%, L. whitmani 1,46%, L. sordellii 0,52%, L. intermedia 0,21 e L. shanonni 0,1%. Em ambos munic?pios foi observado maior abund?ncia de esp?cies distribu?dos nos meses inicias do ano, como Fevereiro e Mar?o. O estudo mostrou que n?o h? diferen?a na exposi??o ao vetor da LV entre indiv?duos de ?rea end?mica e n?o end?mica para essa enfermidade. Por?m h? diferen?a na exposi??o de indiv?duos entre L. longipalpis e L. evandroi, confirmando a grandiosa compet?ncia vetorial do primeiro. Tamb?m foi poss?vel caracterizar como fen?tipo mais predominante na popula??o de ?rea end?mica aqueles que apresentavam respostas sorol?gicas negativas para ant?genos de Leishmania e resultado negativo no teste cut?neo de Montenegro (DTH), indicando que boa parte da popula??o est? sendo picada por insetos n?o infectados

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-03T18:43:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Jorge Ant?nio Casagrande Bretas.pdf: 2891351 bytes, checksum: 638557595a03b65975bc6e16746991f8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-03T18:43:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Jorge Ant?nio Casagrande Bretas.pdf: 2891351 bytes, checksum: 638557595a03b65975bc6e16746991f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-29 / CAPES / The fat body of insects is involved in very important functions. Thus, the fat body, besides acting as a reserve site and synthesis of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids participates in the production of substances with action on the immune system, detoxification, production of eggs, sperm and pheromone. However, the main function of the fat body is the reserve of lipids. The fat body of insects is usually divided into two regions, the visceral fat body, located near the digestive tract, and the parietal fat body, located near the cuticle. The cell types found in the fat body of insects vary, being found only one type in some and more than ten kinds in others. The main cell types found in the fat body of insects are trophocytes, urocytes and oenocytes. The morphology and biochemistry of fat body Lutzomyia longipalpis, the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas, was examined by light microscopy, electron microscopy and high-performance thin layer chromatography. Thus, cuts through the abdomen of adult males and females showed that the fatty body is divided into two main components, in accordance with the spatial distribution in the insect's body: one parietal part which is located just under the cuticle and other visceral which is distributed suspended lobes and often associated with tracheas in hemocele. The fat body of L. longipalpis contains only one cell type, trophocyte, which has a large amount of lipid droplets, protein and glycogen granules in their cytoplasm rosettes. The lipid composition varies according to the physiological and insect species. The neutral lipid stored in fat body found more insects is the triacylglycerol. In addition, small amounts of diacylglycerol, steroids, free fatty acids, carotenoids and monoglycerides are carried by lipoforina (major lipoprotein of the insects). The diacylglycerol is derived from triglycerides stored in fat body and is the main form of fatty acid which are recruited to sites of utilization such as flight muscles, for example. Biochemical analysis of the abdominal tergites L. longipalpis males, by high-performance thin layer chromatography, showed the presence of different classes of neutral lipid (mono-, di- and triacylglycerols, fatty acids, cholesterol and esterified cholesterol) and phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, lysophosphatidylcholine) in the fat body. Furthermore, the lipid composition of the abdominal tergites varied, with the highest amount of lipids extracted from the fourth tergite, which has pheromone producing gland. Finally, the main neutral lipid extracted from the fat body of L. longipalpis was the triacylglycerol and the main phospholipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. / O corpo gorduroso dos insetos est? envolvido em fun??es de grande import?ncia. Assim, o corpo gorduroso, al?m de atuar como s?tio de reserva e s?ntese de prote?nas, carboidratos e lip?dios participa da produ??o de subst?ncias com a??o no sistema imune, detoxifica??o, produ??o dos ?vulos, espermatozoides e de ferom?nios. Contudo, a principal fun??o do corpo gorduroso ? a reserva de lip?dios. O corpo gorduroso dos insetos normalmente ? dividido em duas regi?es, o corpo gorduroso visceral, localizado pr?ximo do tubo digestivo, e o corpo gorduroso parietal, localizado pr?ximo da cut?cula. Os tipos celulares encontrados no corpo gorduroso dos insetos variam, sendo encontrado apenas um tipo em alguns e mais de dez tipos em outros. Os principais tipos celulares encontrados no corpo gorduroso dos insetos s?o os trof?citos, ur?citos e os oen?citos. A morfologia e a bioqu?mica do corpo gorduroso de Lutzomyia longipalpis, o principal vetor da leishmaniose visceral nas Am?ricas, foi analisado por microscopia de luz, microscopia eletr?nica e cromatografia em camada fina de alta performance. Assim, cortes atrav?s do abd?men de machos e f?meas adultas mostraram que o corpo gorduroso ? dividido em dois componentes principais, de acordo com a distribui??o espacial no corpo do inseto: uma parte parietal que est? localizada logo abaixo da cut?cula, e outra visceral que est? distribu?da em l?bulos suspensos e frequentemente associado a traqueias na hemocele. O corpo gorduroso de L. longipalpis cont?m somente um tipo celular, o trof?cito, o qual possui grande quantidade de got?culas de lip?dios, gr?nulos de prote?na e rosetas de glicog?nio em seu citoplasma. A composi??o lip?dica varia de acordo com a condi??o fisiol?gica e esp?cie do inseto. O lip?dio neutro estocado mais encontrado no corpo gorduroso de insetos ? o triacilglicerol. Al?m disso, pequenas quantidades de diacilglicerol, esteroides, ?cidos graxos livres, carotenoides e monoacilglicerois s?o transportadas por lipoforina (maior lipoprote?na dos insetos). O diacilglicerol ? derivado de triacilglicerois estocados no corpo gorduroso e constitui a principal forma de acido graxo que s?o mobilizadas para os s?tios de utiliza??o tal como os m?sculos de voo, por exemplo. A an?lise bioqu?mica dos tergitos abdominais de machos de L. longipalpis, atrav?s de Cromatografia em camada fina de alta performance, mostrou a presen?a de diferentes classes de lip?dios neutros (mono-, di- e triacilglicerois, ?cidos graxos, colesterol e colesterol esterificado) e fosfolip?dios (fosfatidilcolina, fosfatidiletanolamina, fosfatidilinositol, lisofosfatidilcolina) no corpo gorduroso. Al?m disso, a composi??o lip?dica entre os tergitos abdominais variou, sendo a maior quantidade de lip?dios extra?dos do quarto tergito, o qual possui gl?ndulas produtoras de ferom?nio. Finalmente, o principal lip?dio neutro extra?do do corpo gorduroso de L. longipalpis foi o triacilglicerol e o principal fosfolip?dio foi a fosfatidiletanolamina.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-17T13:28:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcosPauloGomesPinheiro_TESE.pdf: 5533718 bytes, checksum: bf1ce7fe9e0014df2de63606b02f02ec (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-19T14:40:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcosPauloGomesPinheiro_TESE.pdf: 5533718 bytes, checksum: bf1ce7fe9e0014df2de63606b02f02ec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-19T14:40:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcosPauloGomesPinheiro_TESE.pdf: 5533718 bytes, checksum: bf1ce7fe9e0014df2de63606b02f02ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-13 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / As leishmanioses s?o graves problemas de sa?de p?blica no Brasil, causadas por protozo?rios do g?nero Leishmania transmitidos pelos flebotom?neos, pequenos insetos da ordem Diptera cujas f?meas s?o hemat?fagas. A leishmaniose visceral (LV) ou calazar, tem como principal vetor nas Am?ricas Lutzomyia longipalpis e Leishmania infantum como agente etiol?gico. No Brasil, a Regi?o Nordeste se destaca com a maior incid?ncia de casos de LV, principalmente entre as camadas mais desfavorecidas da sociedade. A leishmaniose tegumentar (LT) possui diferentes vetores e agentes etiol?gicos em todo o pa?s, tem ampla distribui??o, e apesar da menor gravidade, causa s?rias les?es desfigurantes e incapacitantes em todas as regi?es, principalmente na regi?o Norte. ? relevante a introdu??o de estrat?gias de preven??o que venham a modificar as a??es humanas por meio da informa??o e sensibiliza??o para o problema, sendo a literatura de cordel um instrumento educativo que atrai por sua conota??o l?dica e informal, despertando a aten??o das pessoas. O presente estudo buscou, portanto, conhecer os flebotom?neos de uma Unidade de Conserva??o da Mata Atl?ntica e seu entorno, bem como alguns fatores bi?ticos e abi?ticos relacionados ? sua ocorr?ncia, al?m de testar a utiliza??o do cordel como ferramenta informativa sobre o tema. O estudo aconteceu durante tr?s anos na ?rea interna e externa da Floresta Nacional (Flona) de N?sia Floresta, localizada no munic?pio de N?sia Floresta, regi?o metropolitana de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, utilizando-se armadilhas Shannon e CDC. Foi produzido um cordel, em seu formato cl?ssico, intitulado ?Um bebedor de sangue na terra do mandacaru - Peleja contra o calazar?, para a??es de educa??o em sa?de com a popula??o residente no entorno da Flona e com alunos de escolas do munic?pio. Foram coletados e identificados 82.638 flebotom?neos das esp?cies Evandromyia evandroi, Evandromyia lenti, Evandromyia walkeri, Evandromyia sallesi, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Micropygomyia schreiberi, Nyssomyia intermedia, Nyssomyia whitmani, Psathyromyia abonnenci, Psathyromyia brasiliensis, Psathyromyia shannoni, Psychodopygus wellcomei e Sciopemyia sordellii. Os flebotom?neos foram mais abundantes junto ao solo do ambiente silvestre, apesar de tamb?m serem abundantes junto ?s copas e no peridomic?lio rural. Evandromyia walkeri foi a esp?cie mais abundante, representando 76% de todos os flebotom?neos coletados, sendo importante outras investiga??es acerca dessa esp?cie. Lutzomyia longipalpis, E. evandroi e E. lenti demonstraram prefer?ncia pelos ambientes antropizados. Esse estudo comprova a elevada antropofilia de P. wellcomei, que se mostra ativo durante quase todo o dia no ambiente silvestre, bem como sua rela??o com os meses chuvosos. Com base no conhecimento da bioecologia dos flebotom?neos vetores das leishmanioses na ?rea, espera-se que esse trabalho possa contribuir com estrat?gias de preven??o e controle das leishmanioses no Nordeste.O cordel teve grande aceita??o por parte dos estudantes da EJA e a experi?ncia demonstrou que esse pode ser um importante meio para a dissemina??o de informa??es acerca da leishmaniose visceral, regionalizando as estrat?gias, sensibilizando e divulgando um tema t?o importante em sa?de p?blica. / Leishmaniasis is a serious public health problem in Brazil, caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania transmitted by sand flies, small insects of the order Diptera whose females are hematophagous. The main vector of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), or kala-azar, in the Americas is Lutzomyia longipalpis while Leishmania infantum is the etiological agent. In Brazil, the Northeastern Region stands out with the highest incidence of VL cases, especially among the most disadvantaged groups of society. Tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) has different vectors and etiological agents throughout the country, a wide distribution, and despite its lower severity, it causes serious disfiguring and disabling lesions all over the country, especially in the North Region. It is relevant to introduce prevention strategies, through information and consciousness of the problem, in order to modify deleterious anthropic actions. Cordel folk literature has proved to be an educational instrument with potential use to address this issue, since it attracts by its playful and informal connotations and awakens the attention of people of different age groups. This study aimed, therefore, to know the sand flies fauna at an Atlantic Forest Conservation Unit and its surroundings, as well as some factors related to their occurrence, in addition to testing the use of cordel literature as an informative tool on the subject. The study took place over three years in the internal and external area of the N?sia Floresta National Forest (Flona) located in the city of N?sia Floresta, metropolitan region of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, using Shannon and CDC traps. A cordel pamphlet in its classic format was produced, entitled "A blood drinker in the land of mandacaru - fight against kala-azar," for health educational activities among the population living in the vicinity of the Flona and students. The use of the cordel was validated through questionnaires applied to students of the Education of Young and Adults Program. The pamphlet approaches the transmission, symptoms, treatment and prophylaxis of the disease. There were collected and identified 82,638 sand flies of the species Evandromyia evandroi, Evandromyia lenti, Evandromyia walkeri, Evandromyia sallesi, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Micropygomyia schreiberi, Nyssomyia intermedia, Nyssomyia whitmani, Psathyromyia abonnenci, Psathyromyia brasiliensis, Psathyromyia shannoni, Psychodopygus wellcomei and Sciopemyia sordellii. Phlebotomines were more abundant near the soil of the wild environment, although they were also abundant near the canopy and in the rural peridomicille. L. walkeri was the most abundant species, representing 76% of all sandflies collected, and other investigations about this species are important. L. longipalpis, E. evandroi and E. lenti showed preference for anthropized environments. This study confirms the high anthropophilic behavior of P. wellcomei, which is active throughout the day in the wild, as well as its relationship with the rainy months. Based on the knowledge of the bioecology of sand flies vectors of leishmaniasis in the study area, as well as the factors involved in its occurrence, it is expected that this work may contribute to strategies for the prevention and control of leishmaniasis in Northeastern Brazil. The cordel literature was widely accepted by students and the experience has shown that this may be an important way for dissemination of information about visceral leishmaniasis. It is also desired that the regionalization of educational strategies through cordel literature can contribute to the dissemination of knowledge, sensitizing the community and disseminating such an important subject in public health. / 2019-05-04

The Trypanosoma theileri group are blood parasites of ungulates. Confirmed vectors of these protists are horseflies or sheep keds for T. melophagium, but these trypanosomes were also detected in deer keds, mosquitoes and phlebotomus. We targeted on the investigation of possibility mosquitoes acting as vectors and additionally we targeted on the prevalence of T. theileri in mosquitoes at selected locations in the Czech Republic due to previous positive detection there. The measured prevalence has reached 6,4 % in mosquitoes, 4 % in deer keds and 16,7 % in sheep keds. The aim of experimental infections was to discover a potential of mosquitoes and phlebotomus acting as vectors of the T. theileri. Phlebotomus perniciosus and three species of mosquitoes Culex pipiens molestus, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Aedes vexans were used for those experiments. Furthermore, isolates of T. theileri and T. melophagium from different sources were used. The divergence among these isolates and among used species of insect was found. The best results were achieved with Ae. aegypti and isolates from mosquitoes, where prevalence had reached 90,8 %. The infected mosquitoes were used for prediuresis research which had shown infection forms of the trypanosomes in the urine liquid. The phylogenetic analyse of T....