This diploma thesis deals about possibilites of using stiffness analysis in Multi body system ADAMS with Flexible bodies and its correlation with finite element method in ANSYS. There is also comparison between Multi body analysis and optical measurement test. In the beginning there is also dealing about turbochargers and ways of their regulation.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-05-31T00:01:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 KennedyLeiteAgra_TESE.pdf: 72606963 bytes, checksum: c6d96fe06b2b73b4c08508669c8bc251 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-02T22:32:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 KennedyLeiteAgra_TESE.pdf: 72606963 bytes, checksum: c6d96fe06b2b73b4c08508669c8bc251 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T22:32:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KennedyLeiteAgra_TESE.pdf: 72606963 bytes, checksum: c6d96fe06b2b73b4c08508669c8bc251 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Multicamadas magn?ticas t?m uma grande import?ncia no desenvolvimento de elementos sensores baseados no efeito magnetoimped?ncia (MI). O advento de dispositivos usando substrato flex?vel org?nico t?m aberto novas fronteiras para o desenvolvimento da tecnologia nas mais diversas ?reas. Diante disso torna-se necess?rio a produ??o e estudo das propriedades magn?ticas e mec?nicas em filmes ferromagn?ticos crescidos em substrato flex?vel. Neste trabalho, foram produzidas multicamadas ferromagn?ticas de Py, Co e FeCuNbSiB em substratos flex?vel e r?gido, utilizando a t?cnica de magnetron sputtering. Na ocasi?o utilizou-se de uma metodologia para caracterizar as propriedades estruturais, magn?ticas e mec?nicas. Para isso foram utilizados os seguentes instrumentos de medida: difrat?metro de Raios-X, magnet?metro de amostra vibrante, analisador de imped?ncia, instrumentos de medida de dimens?es e software de elementos finitos. Atrav?s de uma an?lise meticulosa, foi poss?vel observar e correlacionar o comportamento do efeito MI com as propriedades magn?ticas quase-est?ticas, estruturais e mec?nicas. Observando-se uma forte depend?ncia da MI com a magnetostric??o de satura??o, quando s?o introduzidas anisotropias magnetoel?sticas, atrav?s de tens?es mec?nicas. As propriedades magn?ticas das multicamadas de Py mostram-se insens?veis as tens?es aplicadas. J?, nas multicamadas ferromagn?ticas de Co, teve como principal resultado, um aumento da dispers?o de MI atrelado ? eleva??o das tens?es mec?nicas. No caso, das multicamadas de FeCuNbSiB, a invers?o do eixo de anisotropia ? o resultado mais interessante, provocando modifica??es na configura??o do efeito MI, trazendo informa??es muito ricas da din?mica da magnetiza??o, quando tens?es mec?nicas s?o aplicadas ao sistema. / Magnetic multilayers have a considerable importance in the development of sensor elements based on magnetoimped?ncia effect (MI). The advent of devices, using organic flexible substrate have opened new frontiers for development of technology in several areas. Therefore it is necessary the production and study of the magnetic and mechanical properties in ferromagnetic films grown on flexible substrate. In this work, were produced ferromagnetic multilayer Py, Co and FeCuNbSiB in flexible and rigid substrates, using the magnetron sputtering technique. In the occasion, was used a methodology for characterizing the structural, mechanical and magnetic properties. For this, the following measuring instruments were used: X-ray diffractometer, vibrating sample magnetometer, impedance analyzer, dimensional measuring instruments and finite element software. Through a meticulous analysis, we observed and correlate the MI effect behavior, with the magnetic quasi-static, structural and mechanical properties. Observing a strong dependence of MI with magnetostrictive saturation, when magnetoel?sticas anisotropy introduced by mechanical stresses. The magnetic properties of the ferromagnetic multilayers of Py shown to be insensitive to mechanical stresses applied. Already, the ferromagnetic multilayers Co, it was mainly a result, an increase in dispersion of MI linked to the increase in mechanical stress. In the case, of the ferromagnetic multilayers of FeCuNbSiB, the inversion of the anisotropy axis it is the most interesting result, by causing changes in the MI effect, bringing very rich information on the dynamics of magnetization when mechanical stresses are applied to the system.

In this thesis the effects of two future greenhouse gas emissionreducing strategies in the passenger transport sector are investigated.Three factors were modelled for 2021-2055; The life cycle emissions offour vehicle types using a well-to-wheel life cycle analysis tool calledGREET, the growth curve of these vehicle types was analyzed andextrapolated to obtain total vehicle predictions and the mileage ofthese vehicles was extrapolated from existing governmental data. Theresulting scenarios show that in the short term E85 ex fuel vehicles arecapable of more avoided emissions, with EVs outperforming them inthe long term. However limitations in the prediction of vehicle mileageleaves the overtake point to be determined.

The first step of Master's thesis was to gain knowledge about technologies Adobe Flex SDK and Google Maps API. Knowledge was used to develop an application, which let users create, generate and modify graphical wireless network model. Position and characteristics of each single unit are monitored either in a map interface or in building plans. Dates are gathered from forms filled by current user, from external file or periodically from connected database system. Theoretical part enlightens technologies that were used. It describes program development and solutions, which were made, along with examples of the source code. Included are printscreens of graphical user interface as well as description of how does it all work.

OLAP systems are sought-after tool which are deployed in companies and industry environment. The fundamental task of these systems are support of executive management. This work is dealing with OLAP analysis and its capabilities. It also discussed FLEX and AIR technology, their base principles and functions.

Compiling comprehensive understanding of all the available natural resources is an important task which should be carried out as it holds a crucial role for the next generation’s lives. In particular, groundwater is considered as one of the vital resources in providing essential drinking water. Krycklan catchment is a well-monitored catchment in Sweden that is characterized with almost 30% of the world’s forest cover and it has a range of data sets stored from 1920. A numerical model with several observational constrains is used in this study to investigate the groundwater flow circulation. The numerical model is developed with Visual MODFLOW Flex 6.1 software to investigate the temporal effects of the climate condition on the groundwater flow of the Krycklan catchment through a transient-state condition. Daily precipitation and daily evapotranspiration data along with stream data are used to represent the climatic boundary conditions. The impact of climatic condition on groundwater flow was investigated using two different metrices: groundwater level, and groundwater flow travel time reaching the stream network. The results clearly indicated the variability in groundwater level due to the impact of climatic condition in which the winter and summer months have the highest and lowest groundwater levels, respectively. In addition, the particles tracing results show that physical characteristics of the stream channel substantially influence the shallow groundwater travel time.

關於產品創新的研究，絕大多數學者均以B2C的企業產品作為研究探討的對象，強調以新的產品設計帶給消費者全新的生活體驗與感受。相較之下B2B的企業產品，特別是客製化零組件產品，業者大多只能以改善製程生產效率、提升良率等手法來維持競爭力。印刷電路板業即為上述B2B客製化零組件產品在台灣地區的代表性產業。本研究即以我國印刷電路板業A公司軟硬複合板的開發為例，探討此種B2B企業的客製化產品之產品創新模式。 本研究由相關文獻探討，推展出以「新產品開發管理」、「製程技術開發管理」與「組織文化」此三個構面的研究架構來探討印刷電路板業在產品創新活動的關鍵因素與管理項目，採個案研究法深入訪談個案公司的高階主管，以瞭解其產品創新過程的實務作為。由個案分析與研究發現得出研究結論如下: 結論一：在B2B企業的客製化產品開發過程中，明確的產品策略，具體的產品概念，和互動良好的客戶參與，是新產品開發成功的關鍵因素。 結論二：機器設備的開發與實驗活動，對B2B製造業的製程技術開發占有關鍵地位。 結論三：有效的知識管理及技術開發人員的管理與領導，是B2B客製化產品企業之製程開發活動中重要的管理項目。 結論四：差異化的企業組織策略，創新的價值觀與高階主管對創新活動的支持，對產品技術創新的成功有正面的影響。 / Regarding product innovation, a lot of studies did focus on B2C business, try to find a way to create “new feeling” product for consumers. For B2B business, especial for customization product, most firms do effort for production efficiency increasing, yield rate improvement, and cost reduction to maintain the competition. Printed circuit board (PCB) is this kind of industry in Taiwan typically. This research bases on a PCB company (A-company) rigid-flex PCB development case, to study B2B business’s product innovation model. The three major constructs of the research framework include new product development and its management, new process development and its management, and organizational culture. This research adopts case-study method to analysis the practice actions in A-company. The research results as below: 1. Clear product strategy, solid product concept, and good customers’ join, are the key points to get new product development success. 2. Equipment development and experiment actions are very important factors for process technology development in B2B firms. 3. Well knowledge management, good R&D people management and leadership, are the important management items for process technology development in B2B firms. 4. Differentiation strategy, innovation value, and top managers’ attitude for innovation action supporting, will lead product technology innovation success.

[pt] Com a entrada no mercado automobilístico brasileiro, em 2003, dos carros flex-fuel, que podem ser abastecidos tanto com gasolina C quanto com álcool hidratado, o proprietário do veículo passou a poder escolher na hora do abastecimento que combustível colocar visando ter um menor custo. Essa dissertação aplica Teoria de Opções Reais para analisar o valor que a flexibilidade de escolha do combustível proporciona ao proprietário. Tal flexibilidade pode ser entendida como uma opção real de troca de insumo (input switch) em que os insumos são os dois combustíveis acima mencionados. Além disso, esse estudo levará em conta as diversidades e peculiaridades de cada região do Brasil, ou seja, buscar-se-á valorar a opção para cada uma das cinco regiões do país: sul, sudeste, centro-oeste, norte e nordeste. A escolha do modelo estocástico pode influenciar de forma determinante o valor da opção real avaliada. Sendo assim, nesse trabalho, a opção de conversão será modelada de acordo com o Movimento de Reversão à Média com saltos de Poisson. Foi escolhido o Movimento de Reversão à Média com saltos de Poisson, pois apesar de os preços de commodities serem relativamente bem modelados pelo Movimento de Reversão à Média, o preço da gasolina e do etanol sofrem variações bruscas (saltos) em intervalos curtos de tempo. Assim, procura-se verificar se a sofisticação do modelo tem um impacto significativo no valor da opção por meio da comparação do presente estudo com o trabalho de Nascimento (2012). A previsão dos preços e o valor da opção serão gerados através da Simulação de Monte Carlo. / [en] In 2003, the flex-fuel car, which can be fueled with either gas or hydrated alcohol, was introduced in the Brazilian market. So, the vehicle owner has to choose at the gas station which fuel he prefers in order to have a lower cost. This thesis applies the Real Options Theory to analyze the flexibility value that choice of fuel generates for the owner. Such flexibility can be seen as a real option of input switch when the inputs are the two fuels mentioned above. Furthermore, this study will take into account the diversity of each region of Brazil, or seek will value the option to each of the five regions: South, Southeast, Central-West, North and Northeast. The choice of the stochastic model can have greater influence on the value of the real option. Therefore, in this study, the conversion option will be modeled following the Mean Reversion process with Poisson jumps. The Mean Reversion process with Poisson jumps was chosen because although commodity prices are relatively well modeled by Mean Reversion process, the price of gasoline and ethanol suffer abrupt changes (jumps) in short intervals of time. Thus, the purpose of this study is to verify that the sophistication of the model has a significant impact on the value of the option by comparing the present study with the work of Nascimento (2012). The forecast prices and the option value will be provide applying the Monte Carlo simulation.

A pesquisa realizada tratou do estudo de modelos de estimação da relação ar-combustível e de identificação do tipo de combustível usando o sinal da pressão no cilindro em um motor quatro tempos automotivo, alimentado com gasolina brasileira tipo C, etanol e misturas destes combustíveis. Foi montada uma bancada dinamométrica para realização de testes em um motor originalmente projetado para operar com etanol e que possui relação de compressão de 13,44:1. Durante os testes do motor foram coletados dados referentes às variáveis de desempenho e emissões de gases de exaustão. Os dados coletados em plena carga foram analisados utilizando parâmetros estatísticos e confrontados com os resultados esperados segundo a literatura. As variáveis independentes disponibilizadas nos testes do motor foram utilizadas em conjunto com a aplicação do método dos momentos e da razão de pressões no sinal da pressão no cilindro para o desenvolvimento de novos modelos de estimação da relação ar-combustível e de identificação do tipo de combustível. Os modelos obtidos na presente pesquisa mostraram-se capazes de estimar a relação ar-combustível, sendo sensíveis à variação da composição do combustível nesta estimativa, e de identificar o tipo de combustível utilizado no motor. / This research addressed the study of models for estimating the air-fuel ratio and identifying the type of fuel by in-cylinder pressure signal in a four stroke automotive engine fueled with Brazilian gasoline C type, ethanol, and blends of these fuels. A dynamometer was assembled for tests in an engine originally designed to operate with ethanol and with a 13.44:1 compression ratio. During the engine tests, data were collected related to the performance and exhaustion gas emission variables. Data collected at full load were analyzed using statistical parameters and compared with the expected results according to the literature. The independent variables provided by the engine tests were used together with application of the method of moments and the pressure ratio for in-cylinder pressure in order to develop new models for estimating the air-fuel ratio and to identify the fuel type. The models obtained in this research proved to be capable of estimating the air-fuel ratio, being sensitive to the variation in the type of fuel used in such estimations, and of identifying the type of fuel used in the engine.

Syftet med studien var att försöka förstå faktorerna och motiven bakom kommunernas övergång från cellkontor till aktivitetsbaserade kontorslösningar. För att se vad som har påverkat beslutet om övergången och för att se hur kommunerna har gått till väga under processen mot införandet av den nya kontorsformen. / The purpose of the study was to create an understanding of the factors and motives behind the municipal transition from cellular offices to an activity based workplace. To see what influenced the decision about the transition and to see how the municipalities proceeded in the process of the new form of office.