This thesis is a study of the Chinese diaspora in Singapore from 1819 to the 1950s. It begins by situating the diasporic subject in a historical context, highlighting some of the key moments in the diaspora's development, such as the advent of colonialism during the nineteenth century, and the formation of an ethnic enclave in the settlement. The discussion then calls into question the construction of the Chinese subject in colonial discourses, and interrogates the ways in which the diasporic population was constituted within the framework of colonialism. The main purpose has been to examine how the diaspora in Singapore has evolved, and to explore the adequacies, or inadequacies, of existing diasporic theories in the ways they relate to the Chinese experience. This is achieved by recapitulating the theoretical implications of existing diaspora frameworks, and questioning the tensions and limitations generated by such discourses. Simultaneously, this study takes into consideration the construction of a "Chinese identity", and does so by presenting possible ways of conceptualisng what it means to be "Chinese" for subjects of the diaspora. In discussing the extent to which the subject's sense of "self" and belonging has been shaped by its immigrant past, this research draws on and studies the writings, both literary and non-literary, that have emerged from the community. A central concern in all this is the identity and subjectivity of the diasporic subject, and the point here is that not every subject experiences diaspora in the same way, but that these alterities are important in the constitution and formation of a Chinese identity. As I note in the introduction, the issue of what it means to be Chinese, and indeed, the issue of home and belonging, is one that is always contested for people in the diasporic community, and the aim of this thesis has been to continually deconstruct the idea of a "single" Chinese diaspora, and to expose it as a heterogeneous, fragmented, and internally differentiated construction.

Bakgrund: Det är viktigt för äldres välbefinnande och hälsa att känna delaktighet i aktivitet. Delaktighet i aktivitet påverkas av individens egna förutsättningar och miljöns utformning. Hemmet är en viktig aktivitetsmiljö där många äldre spenderar mycket tid. Det är vanligt att äldre flyttar till ett särskilt boende när de är i behov av hjälp och stöd för att klara sin vardag. Syfte: Att studera hur miljön påverkar äldres delaktighet i aktivitet på särskilt boende. Metod: En kvalitativ studie innefattande sju intervjuer med äldre och observationer på tre olika särskilda boenden har genomförts. Resultat: I resultatet framkom de fem kategorierna bristande tillgänglighet i den fysiska miljön, tillgångar i den fysiska miljön, betydelsen av hjälpmedel, betydelsen av att interagera med andra människor samt personalens betydelse för de äldres delaktighet i aktivitet. Den fysiska miljöns utformning bidrog till att de äldre inte uppfattade det särskilda boendet som hemlikt då de inte fick plats med alla de personliga tillhörigheter de önskade. Det visade sig att många äldre kände sig ensamma och inte upplevde någon samhörighet med de medboende. Gemensamma aktiviteter var mycket uppskattat av de äldre bland annat eftersom det gav dem en möjlighet att interagera med andra. Konklusion: Den fysiska och den sociala miljön på ett särskilt boende kunde både främja och hindra äldres delaktighet i aktivitet.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a method of motivational enrichment that may be applied to a structured art program when teaching the visual element, value, to fourth, fifth, and sixth grade children.

The problem of the present study is to determine what changes will take place in certain personal and social attitudes of pre-adolescent children at the fourth- and fifth-grade levels as a result of their "having learned about the factors that underlie behavior" through a mental hygiene program utilizing "causally" oriented materials at their own level of interest and understanding.

The present research was an investigation of the effect of two methods of reporting pupil progress on adjustment and achievement of fourth grade pupils in a suburban elementary school. One method involved the use of an evaluation form reflecting performance in terms of ability, parent-teacher conferences, and work samples. The other method was comprised primarily of competitive grading and marking procedures, utilizing a standard report card to report results.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of four micro-teaching environments on fourth-grade pupils' coping behavior and verbal response and to determine if one micro-teaching environment is more appropriate than another.

The purpose of this study was to determine reliability estimates of authentic assessment for fourth-grade narrative and descriptive writing samples for students with and without learning disabilities. Three types of reliability estimates were established: (a) inter-rater, (b) score stability, and (c) alternate-form. The research design involved 40 teachers, trained in holistic scoring by Education Service Centers 10 and 11 in Dallas and Fort Worth, Texas, who scored 16 writing samples. Approximately 2 weeks later the teachers rescored 8 of the same writing samples. In addition to scoring the writing samples, the teachers also completed a demographic questionnaire. The writing samples, which consisted of eight narrative and eight descriptive writings, were selected based upon teachers' holistic scores and scores from 1993 writing sample of the Texas Assessment of Academic Skills. Based upon these scores, two narrative and descriptive writings of above-average, average, and below-average writings were selected. In addition, two narrative and descriptive writing samples of students with learning disabilities in written language were selected.

Att göra något som kallas för att “bryta den fjärde väggen” i spel, att adressera spelaren utöver spelmediets ramar, är något som har intresserat oss sedan länge. Att söka om den fjärde väggen och spel på internet har visat sig varit fruktlöst, tills vi upptäckte termen metalepsis. Metalepsis betyder bokstavligen “a jump across” och härstammar från berättarteori där det hanterar hur ett narrativs olika nivåer behandlas. I det här arbetet tar vi hjälp av Karin Kukkonens och Sonja Klimeks artiklar för att djupdyka i termen och dess användning i medier som litteratur, film och musik video samt spel. Vi tar hjälp av Astrid Ensslins och Huaxin Weis arbeten för att förstå varför metalepsis i spel är ett outforskat område och varför narrativen endast studeras på en ytlig nivå. Vi vill därför med frågeställningen “hur kan metalepsis användas i spel?” bidra med mer information om metalepsis i spel och undersöka en medveten användning i utvecklingen av ett spel. Genom att undersöka metalepsis i spel och andra medier, har vi skapat oss en uppfattning av hur det har använts upp till den här punkten för att sedan kunna applicera på vår gestaltning. Arbetet fokuserar på en metalepsis kallad Möbius Strip, som innebär ett narrativ som börjar om i sig självt. Utifrån Georg Kreislers bok Der Schattenspringer har vi tolkat hur en Möbius Strip kan se ut. Gestaltningen, i form av ett spel, har vi sedan byggt på den här tolkningen och jämfört resultatet med bokens version av metalepsen. Det vi har fått ut är fler konkreta exempel på hur metalepsis har och kan användas i spel. Vi har kunnat skapa diskussion om hur vår gestaltning förhåller sig till boken genom Sonja Klimeks beskrivning av Möbius Strip metalepsen. Vi har endast skrapat på ytan av det som kallas metalepsis i spel med det här arbetet, och anser att det finns fler vägar att undersöka. / The act of doing something that is called “breaking the fourth wall” in video games, to address the player across the games’ scope, is something that has been in our interest for a long time. To search about the fourth wall and video games on the internet have been futile, until we stumbled upon the term metalepsis. Metalepsis literally means “a jump across”, it originates from narratology and handles how the different levels in a narrative are managed. In this Bachelor Thesis we take a deep dive into the term, with the help of Karin Kukkonen’s and Sonja Klimek’s work, and how it’s used in different medias such as literature, film, music videos and video games. We discovered why metalepsis in video games is an uncharted area with the help of Astrid Ensslin’s and Huaxin Wei’s work, and why studies of narratives in video games are executed in a shallow grade. With our research question we want to contribute with more information about metalepsis in video games and to examine a conscious use of metalepsis in the development of a video game. By surveying metalepsis in video games and other media, we have created an estimate on how it has been used so far and then to applicate the observation to our video game. This thesis lay it’s focus on a metalepsis called Möbius Strip, that consists of a narrative that restarts within itself. Using Georg Kreisler’s book Der Schattenspringer, we have made an interpretation on how Möbius Strip could work out. We have then developed a video game based on this interpretation and compared the results to the books version of the metalepsis. What we have gathered with this thesis is more tangible examples of the use of metalepsis in video games so far. We have been able to create a discussion about how our interpretation of Möbius Strip relate to the book, with the help from Sonja Klimek’s description of the metalepsis. We have only managed to scrape the surface on the topic of metalepsis in video games and feel like there are multiple other roads to investigate.

A Indústria 4.0 surge com o objetivo de desenvolver fábricas inteligentes, com alto grau de autonomia e flexibilidade, através da adoção de tecnologias digitais de forma integrada nas empresas e suas cadeias de valor. Ao mesmo tempo, a Indústria 4.0 promove benefícios que vão além da performance operacional, como o desenvolvimento de novas ofertas e novos modelos de negócios para as empresas. A Indústria 4.0 é originada na Alemanha, país com alta performance tecnológica, e rapidamente inspira outras iniciativas no mundo inteiro, inclusive em países emergentes como o Brasil. Estes países possuem maiores barreiras para a adoção das tecnologias relacionadas ao conceito, principalmente devido à atual situação tecnológica dos seus parques industriais. Embora a Indústria 4.0 seja um tema crescente na literatura, ainda existem grandes lacunas de estudo sobre a adoção de tecnologias relacionadas ao conceito no contexto de países emergentes, principalmente por se tratar de uma iniciativa recente. Logo, o objetivo desta dissertação é estudar o conceito da Indústria 4.0 no Brasil, de forma a entender quais são os benefícios do conceito para a performance industrial e as tecnologias habilitadoras. O trabalho tem uma abordagem quantitativa, com análises estatísticas aplicadas em dados de pesquisas surveys conduzidas em nível nacional. Os principais resultados obtidos foram: (i) identificação da relação entre as tecnologias e os benefícios esperados do conceito, (ii) identificação de disparidades entre a percepção industrial brasileira e a literatura sobre os benefícios da Indústria 4.0, (iii) identificação da abrangência do conceito da Indústria 4.0, compreendendo elementos que transcendem a manufatura avançada, e (iv) identificação de tecnologias habilitadoras para a implantação do conceito. Sob a perspectiva acadêmica, esta dissertação traz importantes contribuições para o entendimento do conceito e das tecnologias da Indústria 4.0, assim como o impacto destas na performance industrial. Do ponto de vista prático, os resultados auxiliam na compreensão de um tema de alta relevância empresarial, contribuindo com perspectivas para a diretriz estratégica das empresas à Indústria 4.0. / Industry 4.0 arises with the goal to develop smart factories, with advanced autonomy and flexibility, through the adoption of digital technologies in an integrated manner in companies and in their value chains. The Industry 4.0enables benefits beyond operational performance, as the development of new offerings and new business models for companies. Industry 4.0 was developed in Germany, a country with high technological performance, and quickly inspires other initiatives in the whole world, in developed and emergent countries such as Brazil. These countries face major barriers for the adoption of technologies related to the concept, mainly due to the current technological level of their industrial sites. Even though Industry 4.0 is a growing field in literature, there are still considerable gaps of studies about the adoption of technologies related to the concept in the context of emergent countries, mostly due to its novelty. Therefore, this dissertation aims to study the concept of Industry 4.0 in Brazil, in order to understand its benefits for industrial performance and its enabling technologies. This study has a quantitative approach, with statistical analysis of data from national surveys. The main outcomes obtained were: (i) the identification of a relation between technologies and the expected benefits of the concept, (ii) the identification of disparities between Brazilian industrial perception and the literature about Industry 4.0 benefits, (iii) the identification of a wide scope of Industry 4.0 concept, comprising elements that transcends smart manufacturing, and (iv) the identification of enabling technologies for the implementation of the concept. Under academic perspective, this dissertation brings important contributions to understand the Industry 4.0 concept and technologies, and its impact on industrial performance. As practical contributions, the results contribute for the understandings of a high relevant theme for companies, contributing with perspectives for their strategical orientation towards Industry 4.0.

The purpose of this thesis is to analyse and explain the organization of Greek broadcasting, and particularly its relationship to the state and politics. The study begins with the introduction of state-owned radio in 1936 and ends with the abolition of the state monopoly and the introduction of private local radio by a Socialist government in 1987. Through a mainly chronological structure the study examines the development of Greek radio and television set against major developments in the sphere of politics from the inter-war period until the late 1980s. These developments include the establishment of a quasi-fascist dictatorship in 1936, the Right-Left cleavage of the 1940s and the nature of parliamentary regime which was established as a result of the Communist defeat in the civil war (1946-1949). Subsequently, the study deals with the imposition of the dictatorial regime in 1967 and examines the contradictions which led to its eventual downfall in 1974. Finally, the thesis covers the transition of the country to democracy, the nature of the democratic regime, the party system and the major aspects of policy of both the Conservative governments (1974-1981) and the Socialists (1981-1987). Placed within the framework of the debate about the role of broadcasting in liberal democracies, the thesis examines the applicability of two antithetical models, the 'fourth estate' and the 'dominance' models to the Greek broadcasting system from 1936 to 1987. Neither is found to be satisfactory. Our study of government-broadcasting relations since the introduction of radio demonstrates that the broadcast media have always been subordinate to partisan political control and that neither the editorial autonomy nor the political independence of Greek broadcasters, on which the 'fourth estate' model is based, have ever been safeguarded by Greek politicians. The 'dominance' model, on the other hand, to the extent that it considers the mass media as an instrument of the dominant classes fails to describe accurately the role of Greek broadcasting institutions and of the state which controls them within Greek society. Due to the uneven and belated industrial development of the country, the state has acquired a dominant position in social and economic life by distributing resources and safeguarding the vital Interests of various social groups. Political parties have always relied on the mechanisms of the state to consolidate their power. Broadcasting institutions have therefore been used by those holding executive power as a legitimating mechanism of their policies. Preoccupied as they were with the political output of radio and television, Greek politicians never pursued the development of a public service ethos In Greek broadcasting.