In January, 2012, the Supreme Court of the United States refused to hear three cases involving student online speech, or cyberspeech. This indicates that the Court is content with lower courts applying First Amendment jurisprudence developed over 40 years ago to a rapidly advancing digital environment where students carry the equivalent of personal computers in their pockets, have an ever-growing telepresence, and rely on cyberspeech as their primary means of communicating with the world around them. Lower courts also are beginning to grapple with challenges to students Fourth Amendment right to be free from unreasonable search and seizure as it relates to the digital environment described above. Recently, lower courts in Mississippi, Texas, Minnesota, and Kentucky have applied standards set forth decades ago to decide cases involving searches of students mobile devices and Web 2.0 applications. Given the absence of guidance from the Supreme Court, this study aims to: (1) identify and analyze trends in the current application of legal standards related to student cyberspeech and search and seizure in the digital age; (2) synthesize these findings into a set of essential guidelines for school officials to use as they navigate a legal landscape that has yet to be well defined; and (3) make recommendations to further develop the body of law. Findings indicate that school officials have the legal authority to restrict off-campus student cyberspeech when certain conditions are met, and Tinker governs cases in this area. Seriously threatening, slanderous, or obscene cyberspeech is not constitutionally protected and can be restricted prior to an actual disruption. Off-campus student cyberspeech that reaches the school can legally be restricted so long as evidence shows that it caused a material and substantial disruption. In addition, students possess reasonable expectations of privacy in their personal mobile devices and password-protected private Web 2.0 communications. T.L.O governs searches of students personal mobile devices and Vernonia appears to govern cases involving searches of students Web 2.0 applications. Substantive suspicion at the outset, carefully tailored searches, and a clear governmental interest will keep school officials from violating students Fourth Amendment protections. / Ed. D.

The purpose of this study is to discover through the use of the descriptive evaluation technique information about children's reading which may be of value as suggestions for classroom teachers who teach reading in the intermediate level. It is hoped that through the use of this technique the relation of the reading level of the individual children in a fourth and fifth grade group to the reading level of the material the children would read if left to their own choice in its selection may be determined.

The problem of this study is to determine what is recommended for fourth-grade social studies. An evaluation of these findings will be made in order to make suggestions for a program for this grade level.

This study was concerned with the possibility of raising a fourth grade pupil's social status. The techniques used were those that could be used in nearly any fourth grade schoolroom.

The purpose of this study is to examine literature and thought in the field of elementary social studies curriculum, to establish criteria for determining the adequacy of a fourth-grade social studies program and to examine, analyze and evaluate the fourth-grade social studies programs of ten Texas public school systems in order to determine how effectively they meet these criteria.

The purpose of this study is to set up criteria for judging the mechanical features and the content of fourth-grade readers and to determine if the fifteen fourth-grade readers of this study fit these criteria.

Although the sarcophagus of Junius Bassus stands as a foundation for the early Christian sculptural traditional scholars have devoted little serious study to the role it played in its cultural context of350s Rome. For the past four hundred years since its discovery, stylistic and chronological discussion of the Christian intercolumnar scenes has dominated any scholarly interpretations of this monument. The goal of this thesis is to shed light on how the sarcophagus interacted with its audience and patron, rather than to situate the images in a timeline of motifs. The interplay between the Roman elite, both pagan and Christian, the emperor, and the Church influenced the propagandistic goals of the sarcophagus. It is my opinion that the family of Junius Bassus, fixed between their pagan peers and Christian emperor, used the seasonal and calendar-inspired imagery of the ends and the ad sanctos burial of the sarcophagus at St. Peter's Basilica to propagandize Christianity as a religion that offered its members material and eternal wealth.

The problem of this study was to determine the relationship between the creative thinking ability of one hundred selected Negro fourth grade pupils and their parents' attitudes about rearing children.

<p>Följande uppsats tar sin utgångspunkt ur den rådande situationen i Adenviken som präglas av illegal piratverksamhet. Adenviken med dess särskilda karaktäristik granskas i syfte att undersöka om det av militärteoretiker formulerade begreppet ”Fourth Generation Warfare” i någon mån är applicerbart på situationen. I syfte att svara upp mot uppsatsens frågeställning avhandlas begreppet 4 GW och dess historik, innebörd samt utveckling. Den empiriska delen av uppsatsen behandlar Adenviken och fokuserar på situationen i landet Somalia med dess pirater och deras illegala verksamhet. Problemområdet är intressant då Sverige idag bidrar med enheter (ME02) till den marina multinationella styrkan, EUNAVFOR, som verkar i Adenviken. Det huvudsakliga syftet för de ingående nationerna är att eskortera fartyg tillhörande WFP (World Food Program), men även bidraga till ökad säkerhet för handelssjöfarten. Uppsatsen kommer fram till att begreppet 4 GW till stor del är applicerbart. Dock är Adenviken och dess specifika karaktäristik säregen varvid vidare forskning krävs i syfte att militärteoretiskt definiera situationen i Adenviken.</p> / <p>The following essay is based on the current situation in the Gulf of Aden, which is characterized by illegal piracy activity. The Gulf of Aden with its peculiar characteristic is being examined inpurpose to identify if the conception “Fourth Generation Warfare” (4 GW) in any means is possible to apply on the situation. In purpose to answer the main issue, the essay will discuss the conception 4 GW considering history, meaning and development. The empirical part of the essay deals with the Gulf of Aden and focuses on the situation in Somalia with the pirates and their illegal activities. The problem area is interesting because today Sweden is contributing units (ME02) to the marine multinational force, EUNAVFOR, which operate in the Gulf of Aden. The main purpose of the participating nations is to escort vessels in WFP (World Food Program), but also contribute to greater security for commercial shipping. The essay concludes that the conception 4 GW in many means is able to apply on the situation. However, the Gulf of Aden and its specific characteristics is peculiar and further research is required in order to define the military situation in the Gulf of Aden.</p>

Följande uppsats tar sin utgångspunkt ur den rådande situationen i Adenviken som präglas av illegal piratverksamhet. Adenviken med dess särskilda karaktäristik granskas i syfte att undersöka om det av militärteoretiker formulerade begreppet ”Fourth Generation Warfare” i någon mån är applicerbart på situationen. I syfte att svara upp mot uppsatsens frågeställning avhandlas begreppet 4 GW och dess historik, innebörd samt utveckling. Den empiriska delen av uppsatsen behandlar Adenviken och fokuserar på situationen i landet Somalia med dess pirater och deras illegala verksamhet. Problemområdet är intressant då Sverige idag bidrar med enheter (ME02) till den marina multinationella styrkan, EUNAVFOR, som verkar i Adenviken. Det huvudsakliga syftet för de ingående nationerna är att eskortera fartyg tillhörande WFP (World Food Program), men även bidraga till ökad säkerhet för handelssjöfarten. Uppsatsen kommer fram till att begreppet 4 GW till stor del är applicerbart. Dock är Adenviken och dess specifika karaktäristik säregen varvid vidare forskning krävs i syfte att militärteoretiskt definiera situationen i Adenviken. / The following essay is based on the current situation in the Gulf of Aden, which is characterized by illegal piracy activity. The Gulf of Aden with its peculiar characteristic is being examined inpurpose to identify if the conception “Fourth Generation Warfare” (4 GW) in any means is possible to apply on the situation. In purpose to answer the main issue, the essay will discuss the conception 4 GW considering history, meaning and development. The empirical part of the essay deals with the Gulf of Aden and focuses on the situation in Somalia with the pirates and their illegal activities. The problem area is interesting because today Sweden is contributing units (ME02) to the marine multinational force, EUNAVFOR, which operate in the Gulf of Aden. The main purpose of the participating nations is to escort vessels in WFP (World Food Program), but also contribute to greater security for commercial shipping. The essay concludes that the conception 4 GW in many means is able to apply on the situation. However, the Gulf of Aden and its specific characteristics is peculiar and further research is required in order to define the military situation in the Gulf of Aden.