The purpose of this research project was threefold: 1) to establish a set of research questions, propositions and hypotheses about the nature of international fast-food franchising; 2) to identify the distinctive strategies employed by fast-food franchise firms in foreign markets and 3) to provide a set of guidelines for managers which will assist them in dealing with the challenges of initiating and expanding a fast-food franchise system in a foreign country. A multiple-case study approach was used focusing on how U. S . franchise firms have adapted their domestic business practices to the Canadian, Japanese, and Russian Markets. Special attention was given to the degree to which their firms have modified franchise objectives, expansion strategies, marketing mix elements, control system and support services. A principal finding of this research project is that fast-food companies do in fact extend domestic franchise strategies to foreign markets when expanding internationally. However, they do make certain alterations in their domestic method of doing business. The alterations are in the areas of expansion strategies, franchise objectives, control systems and support services. These alterations do not follow a consistent pattern. They vary from country to country and from firm to firm. / Ph. D.

La presente investigación tiene por objetivo analizar el impacto de los costos en el rendimiento en las franquicias gastronómicas en el distrito de Miraflores entre 2018 y 2020. Para su desarrollo se ha considerado información relevante relacionada a las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera vinculadas principalmente a activos intangibles; gestión empresarial y financiera; manejo adecuado de costos; características del sector de franquicias gastronómicas; entre otros conceptos. El trabajo de investigación consta de cinco capítulos: Capítulo I: Marco Teórico, se presenta definiciones claves vinculadas al tema desarrollado. Luego, el Capítulo II: Plan de Investigación, se plantea el problema, así como el estado de la cuestión, la justificación, los objetivos e hipótesis. Consecutivamente, en el Capítulo III: Metodología de la Investigación, en donde se detalla el tipo, nivel, método y diseño de investigación, además se define la población, la muestra y las técnicas e instrumentos de recolección de datos. Continuando con el Capítulo IV: Desarrollo de la investigación, se aplican los instrumentos de investigación a la muestra y se plantea un caso práctico. Finalmente, en el Capítulo V: Análisis de los Resultados, se examina los resultados obtenidos y se brinda conclusiones y recomendaciones en relación con todo lo investigado. / The present research aims to analyze the impact of costs on performance in gastronomic franchises in the district of Miraflores between 2018 and 2020. For its development, relevant information related to International Financial Reporting Standards related mainly to intangible assets has been considered; business and financial management; proper cost management; characteristics of the gastronomic franchise sector; among other concepts: Th Chapter I: Theoretical Framework, presents key definitions related to the developed topic. Then, Chapter II: Research Plan, the problem is presented, as well as the state of the question, the justification, the objectives, and hypotheses. Consecutively, in Chapter III: Research Methodology, where the type, level, method, and research design are detailed, the population, the sample and the data collection techniques and instruments are also defined. Continuing with Chapter IV: Research development, the research instruments are applied to the sample and a practical case is presented. Finally, in Chapter V: Analysis of the results, the results obtained are examined and conclusions and recommendations are provided in relation to everything investigated research work consists of five chapters. / Tesis

Les séries télévisées de fiction suscitent depuis quelques années un intérêt sans précédent dans leur histoire, qui amène à s’interroger sur le sens pris par cette forme de fiction. Mais, à cette question de la signification de l’objet, s’ajoute celle de la méthode permettant d’y répondre. Récits, fictions, les séries sont aussi des produits commerciaux et industriels et, de ce fait, fortement déterminées par leurs contextes de production et de réception.Depuis 1996 et la dérégulation des télécommunications aux Etats-Unis, le paysage médiatique et le marché télévisuel, américains puis internationaux, ont connu d’importants bouleversements économiques et technologiques dont une des conséquences a été l’adoption de stratégies d’expansion et de branding des programmes, qui prennent un tour inédit et auxquelles les séries n’échappent pas.Adaptées, dérivées, reprises, les séries, notamment dramatiques, se franchisent, faisant apparaître alors ce qui constitue une spécificité de la création sérielle, le format. Forme minimale de la fiction, le format consiste en une présentation écrite qui en fixe les constituants fondamentaux permettant non seulement sa sérialisation mais aussi sa distribution.A partir de formats et de franchises de séries dramatiques américaines de la décennie initiée à 1996, cette thèse se propose d’examiner en quoi le format pourrait contribuer à enrichir l’étude des séries télévisées dans une perspective autant théorique qu’interprétative. / Since the beginning of the 2000s, television series arouse an unheard-of interest in their history, which brings to question the sense of this kind of fiction. But, in this issue of the meaning of the object, is also the one of the method to answer it.Narratives and fictions, series are also commercial and industrial products and, therefore, strongly determined by their contexts of production and reception. Since 1996 and the deregulation of telecommunications in the United States, american then international media landscapes and markets have known important economic and technological upheavals which led to new strategies of expansion and branding of the programs, in an unprecedented tourAdapted, spun off, remade, dramatic series lead to franchises, revealing then what establishes a specificity of the serial creation : the format. The television format is a written presentation which sets the fundamental core of the fiction, allowing not only serialization but also its distribution.Studying formats and franchises of American dramatic series of the decade introduced in 1996, this thesis examines how the television format could contribute to enrich the study of television series in a theoretical as well as in an interpretative objective.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: “The business format, franchising, can be defined as the granting of a license for a predetermined financial return by a franchising company (franchisor) to its franchisees. The grant entitles them to make use of a complete business package, including training, support and the corporate name which include all branding and logos. Through this enabling the franchisees to operate their own businesses to the same standards and format as the other outlets in the franchise chain” (Maree, 2007, p. iii). Franchising has grown in popularity for entrepreneurs and business people to start a business, a professional career and a way of creating employment. It is seen as a proven business system that is sold to a franchisee as “best practices knowledge” by the franchisor (Maree, 2007). Although the “best practices” approach is at the core of franchising very little research was found to exist that investigates the factors that influence the success or failure of franchisees. The lack of formal research in this regard gave rise to the research question as to what the factors are that will contribute to the failure and subsequent liquidation of franchise businesses in the Western Cape. Current franchise owners and entrepreneurs considering to enter into the franchising sphere need to ensure that they not only understand what factors will influence the success of their businesses, but possibly more importantly, they need to comprehend which are the factors that could potentially lead to the failure of the franchise business. Based on the theoretical research and the data gained from the questionnaire analysis, one can conclude that the majority of the factors discussed in this report contribute towards the failure of franchisee businesses in the Western Cape. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die besigheidsvormbekend as ‘n eksklusieweagentskap of konsessie (“franchise”) kanomskryf word as die verlening van ‘n lisensie of reg teen ‘n voorafbepaaldefinansieletariefdeur die konsessiegewer (“franchisor”) aansykonsessiehouers. Hierdie vergunningmaakdie konsessiehouersgeregtig op die gebruik van ‘n volledigebesigheidsmodelwatopleiding, ondersteuning en die maatskappynaam, sowel as allehandelsmerke en logos, insluit. Hierdeur word die konsessiehouers in staatgestelomhuleiebesighedevolgensdieselfdestandaarde en formaat as die anderafsetpunte in die konsessiegroeptebedryf (Maree, 2007) Die verskaffing van eksklusieweverkoopsregaan entrepreneurs en sakemensewathuleiebesighedewil begin, ‘n professioneleloopbaanwilbeoefen en werksgeleenthedewil skep, het in die jongstetyd al gewildergeword. Dit word as ‘n bewesebesigheidskonsepbeskou en word deur die konsessiegeweraan die konsessiehouer as “bestegebruikskennis” verhandel (vertaaluitMaree, 2007).Alhoewel die “bestegebruik”-benadering die kern van ‘n konsessie is, is slegskarigenavorsingmet betrekking tot die faktorewat die sukses of mislukking van konsessiesondersoek, tans beskikbaar. Die gebrekaanformelenavorsing in hierdie verband het aanleidinggegee tot die navorsingsvraagoorwatterfaktorebydraendkanwees tot die mislukking en gevolglikelikwidasie van konsessies in die Wes-Kaap. Huidigekonsessiehouers, asook entrepreneurs watditoorweegom die terrein van eksklusieweagentskappetebetree, moetnie net die faktorewat die sukses van hulbesighedesalbeinvloedverstaannie maar, stellig van groterbelang, die faktorewatmoontlik tot die mislukking van die besigheidkan lei, identifiseer en begryp. Na aanleiding van die teoretiesenavorsingwatgedoen is, asook die inligtingwat van die vraelys-ontledingsbekom is, kan tot die slotsomgekom word dat die meerderheidfaktorewat in hierdie werkstukbespreek is, tot die mislukking van eksklusieweagentskappe in die Wes-Kaap bydra.

A prestação privada de serviços públicos constitui atividade essencial do Estado contemporâneo. O objeto deste trabalho é o exame das formas de prestação privada de serviços públicos no Brasil. De início, analisa como pressuposto para o desenvolvimento do tema central a atividade administrativa estatal prestada nos três níveis da Federação (União, Estados, Distrito Federal e Municípios), na qual se insere a atividade administrativa material de prestação de serviço público. A seguir, analisa a evolução e as motivações da passagem da execução do serviço público, de início apenas feita pelo próprio Poder Público, para os particulares. O exame dos fundamentos constitucionais do serviço público, plantados na Constituição de 1988, aplicáveis aos três níveis de poder federativo e o estudo das formas de delegação de serviço público aos particulares previstas nos artigos 175, 223 e nos incisos XI e XII do artigo 21 da Constituição Federal completam a análise. O tema central do estudo é tratado em seguida, que cuida especificamente das formas de serviço público que permitem sua prestação por particulares e que são admitidas no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Demonstrado que a delegação de serviços públicos para a iniciativa privada, consoante determina a Constituição de 1988, se realiza sob três formas, a concessão, a permissão e a autorização, o trabalho se debruça inicialmente no exame da concessão de serviços públicos rotulada de tradicional. Por se tratar da primeira das fórmulas de execução privada de serviços públicos, detém-se o texto no estudo dos vários aspectos que envolvem essa modalidade de prestação de serviços públicos, aspectos que vão servir de parâmetro para a análise das demais espécies de delegação de serviços públicos aos particulares. Assim, após um breve histórico dos antecedentes da concessão de serviços públicos, examina, além de outros pontos, o significado da expressão e sua natureza jurídica, a exigibilidade de licitação e as formas de extinção da relação decorrente da concessão. As características da concessão são desenvolvidas sob a ótica tríplice do que se denomina de \"participantes\" ou \"atores\" na relação de concessão: a Administração Pública, o concessionário e o usuário e, a partir delas, busca extrair uma conceituação da concessão de serviços públicos adequada aos objetivos do trabalho. Nesse tópico, ponto relevante do tema é o que diz respeito ao exame das espécies de concessão admitidas pela doutrina e pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro: a concessão patrocinada, ou as parcerias público-privadas e a concessão administrativa, os consórcios público-privados e a franquia. As outras modalidades constitucionais de delegação de serviços públicos, a permissão e a autorização, constituem tema de estudo dos tópicos seguintes. Considera na análise dessas modalidades, particularmente no que diz respeito à autorização, a problemática apontada pela doutrina contemporânea quanto à sua inserção, dentre as formas de delegação de serviços públicos e a sua efetiva aplicabilidade na estrutura administrativa dos três níveis da Federação brasileira. / Providing public services is an essential duty of the modern state. The purpose of this study is to analyse the manners in which the private sector in Brazil provide public services. First it analyses as a precondition to develop the central theme, the state\'s administrative activities throughout Brazil\'s three constitutional levels (the union, states, federal district and the cities) in which the public services are provided. Then it analyses how public services have developed since they were first offered by the State, to their transformation in being offered by the private sector. There then follows a study of artides 175, 223 and 21(XI) and (XII) of Brazil\'s Constitution of 1988, which provide the grounds for the offering of public services throughout the levels of the federation. It closes with a study of how public services are delegated to the private sector. After it analyses the central theme of this study; the different types of public services that Brazilian law states may be delegated to the private sector. The study explains that under the 1988 Constitution, public services may be delegated to the private sector using three different forms: concessions; permissions, and authorisations. The text first examines the traditional method of delegating public service: the granting of concessions. The study then analyses the different forms of concession, which will act as a parameter for the other types of delegation. After a brief history of public service concessions, the study examines the legal meaning of \"concession\" under Brazilian law, the need for a public tender and how concessions are terminated. The characteristics of the concession are developed using three perspectives from what are called \"participants\" or \"actors\" in the concession relationship: the government, the concessionaire and the user of the services. The study then attempts to define a concept of a public services concession that ties in with the purposes of this study. In this context, the study then considers legal scholarship and the Brazilian legal system: sponsored concessions, or the public-private partnership (PPPs) the administrative concessions, the public-private joint venture and franchises. The study progresses to an analysis of the other types of delegated public services - the permissions and authorisations. In analysing these types of delegation - and especially the authorisation - the problem arising from modern legal scholarship is considered in the context of its relation with the other types of delegations of public services, and how it actually applies throughout the three constitutional levels.

A prestação privada de serviços públicos constitui atividade essencial do Estado contemporâneo. O objeto deste trabalho é o exame das formas de prestação privada de serviços públicos no Brasil. De início, analisa como pressuposto para o desenvolvimento do tema central a atividade administrativa estatal prestada nos três níveis da Federação (União, Estados, Distrito Federal e Municípios), na qual se insere a atividade administrativa material de prestação de serviço público. A seguir, analisa a evolução e as motivações da passagem da execução do serviço público, de início apenas feita pelo próprio Poder Público, para os particulares. O exame dos fundamentos constitucionais do serviço público, plantados na Constituição de 1988, aplicáveis aos três níveis de poder federativo e o estudo das formas de delegação de serviço público aos particulares previstas nos artigos 175, 223 e nos incisos XI e XII do artigo 21 da Constituição Federal completam a análise. O tema central do estudo é tratado em seguida, que cuida especificamente das formas de serviço público que permitem sua prestação por particulares e que são admitidas no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Demonstrado que a delegação de serviços públicos para a iniciativa privada, consoante determina a Constituição de 1988, se realiza sob três formas, a concessão, a permissão e a autorização, o trabalho se debruça inicialmente no exame da concessão de serviços públicos rotulada de tradicional. Por se tratar da primeira das fórmulas de execução privada de serviços públicos, detém-se o texto no estudo dos vários aspectos que envolvem essa modalidade de prestação de serviços públicos, aspectos que vão servir de parâmetro para a análise das demais espécies de delegação de serviços públicos aos particulares. Assim, após um breve histórico dos antecedentes da concessão de serviços públicos, examina, além de outros pontos, o significado da expressão e sua natureza jurídica, a exigibilidade de licitação e as formas de extinção da relação decorrente da concessão. As características da concessão são desenvolvidas sob a ótica tríplice do que se denomina de \"participantes\" ou \"atores\" na relação de concessão: a Administração Pública, o concessionário e o usuário e, a partir delas, busca extrair uma conceituação da concessão de serviços públicos adequada aos objetivos do trabalho. Nesse tópico, ponto relevante do tema é o que diz respeito ao exame das espécies de concessão admitidas pela doutrina e pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro: a concessão patrocinada, ou as parcerias público-privadas e a concessão administrativa, os consórcios público-privados e a franquia. As outras modalidades constitucionais de delegação de serviços públicos, a permissão e a autorização, constituem tema de estudo dos tópicos seguintes. Considera na análise dessas modalidades, particularmente no que diz respeito à autorização, a problemática apontada pela doutrina contemporânea quanto à sua inserção, dentre as formas de delegação de serviços públicos e a sua efetiva aplicabilidade na estrutura administrativa dos três níveis da Federação brasileira. / Providing public services is an essential duty of the modern state. The purpose of this study is to analyse the manners in which the private sector in Brazil provide public services. First it analyses as a precondition to develop the central theme, the state\'s administrative activities throughout Brazil\'s three constitutional levels (the union, states, federal district and the cities) in which the public services are provided. Then it analyses how public services have developed since they were first offered by the State, to their transformation in being offered by the private sector. There then follows a study of artides 175, 223 and 21(XI) and (XII) of Brazil\'s Constitution of 1988, which provide the grounds for the offering of public services throughout the levels of the federation. It closes with a study of how public services are delegated to the private sector. After it analyses the central theme of this study; the different types of public services that Brazilian law states may be delegated to the private sector. The study explains that under the 1988 Constitution, public services may be delegated to the private sector using three different forms: concessions; permissions, and authorisations. The text first examines the traditional method of delegating public service: the granting of concessions. The study then analyses the different forms of concession, which will act as a parameter for the other types of delegation. After a brief history of public service concessions, the study examines the legal meaning of \"concession\" under Brazilian law, the need for a public tender and how concessions are terminated. The characteristics of the concession are developed using three perspectives from what are called \"participants\" or \"actors\" in the concession relationship: the government, the concessionaire and the user of the services. The study then attempts to define a concept of a public services concession that ties in with the purposes of this study. In this context, the study then considers legal scholarship and the Brazilian legal system: sponsored concessions, or the public-private partnership (PPPs) the administrative concessions, the public-private joint venture and franchises. The study progresses to an analysis of the other types of delegated public services - the permissions and authorisations. In analysing these types of delegation - and especially the authorisation - the problem arising from modern legal scholarship is considered in the context of its relation with the other types of delegations of public services, and how it actually applies throughout the three constitutional levels.

Qualidade em serviços tem sido assunto frequentemente estudado na literatura de marketing de serviços, uma vez que conhecer os fatores que fazem com que os clientes permaneçam adquirindo produtos ou consumindo serviços, permite à empresa direcionar os esforços de marketing, a fim de atingir suas expectativas, maximizando os resultados e promovendo a retenção. Assim sendo, o propósito central deste estudo foi identificar as dimensões e os atributos relacionados à qualidade percebida dos serviços prestados por uma escola de idiomas franqueada, a Wizard, em relação à satisfação dos seus clientes (alunos). Para tanto, após a revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema em estudo, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, com caráter exploratório, utilizando-se entrevistas pessoais em profundidade com abordagem semi-estruturada. Em seguida, foi conduzida uma pesquisa quantitativa, com caráter conclusivo, por meio de um survey, utilizando-se as técnicas estatísticas como a análise fatorial, a regressão linear múltipla e a ANOVA. Através da análise fatorial foi possível obter 7 dimensões da qualidade de serviços: (i) professor; (ii) estrutura para ensino; (iii) atendimento; (iv) imagem; (v) material didático; (vi) relação custo versus benefício; e (vii) aparência do ambiente / equipamentos. Além disso, por meio da regressão linear múltipla foi possível explicar 56,9% da satisfação geral em função de apenas seis atributos. Os resultados encontrados possibilitaram a identificação das dimensões da qualidade percebida, assim como, o grau de satisfação dos clientes (alunos). / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-06-04T17:44:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Graciane Donadello.pdf: 2076808 bytes, checksum: 38874265643afad9d66288bff725e0de (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-04T17:44:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Graciane Donadello.pdf: 2076808 bytes, checksum: 38874265643afad9d66288bff725e0de (MD5) / Service quality has been a subject frequently studied in the service marketing literature, since knowing the factors that make customers remain purchasing products or consuming services. It allows companies to target marketing efforts to achieve their expectations, maximizing results and promoting customer retention. The purpose of this study was to identify the dimensions and attributes related to perceived service quality provided by a franchised language school, Wizard, in relation to their customer satisfaction (the students). Therefore, after the literature review on the subject, an exploratory qualitative survey was conducted, through in-depth personal interviews with semi-structured approach. Next, a conclusive quantitative research was handled through a survey, using statistical techniques like factor analysis, multiple linear regression and ANOVA. Through the factor analysis it was possible to obtain 7 service quality dimensions: (i) teacher, (ii) learning framework, (iii) service, (iv) image, (v) didactic material, (vi) cost versus benefit relationship and; (vii) appearance of the environment / equipments. Furthermore, by the multiple linear regression, it was possible to explain 56.9% of the overall satisfaction on the basis of six attributes. Therefore, the obtained results allowed the identification of the perceived quality dimensions, as well as the students´ satisfaction degree.

Qualidade em serviços tem sido assunto frequentemente estudado na literatura de marketing de serviços, uma vez que conhecer os fatores que fazem com que os clientes permaneçam adquirindo produtos ou consumindo serviços, permite à empresa direcionar os esforços de marketing, a fim de atingir suas expectativas, maximizando os resultados e promovendo a retenção. Assim sendo, o propósito central deste estudo foi identificar as dimensões e os atributos relacionados à qualidade percebida dos serviços prestados por uma escola de idiomas franqueada, a Wizard, em relação à satisfação dos seus clientes (alunos). Para tanto, após a revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema em estudo, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, com caráter exploratório, utilizando-se entrevistas pessoais em profundidade com abordagem semi-estruturada. Em seguida, foi conduzida uma pesquisa quantitativa, com caráter conclusivo, por meio de um survey, utilizando-se as técnicas estatísticas como a análise fatorial, a regressão linear múltipla e a ANOVA. Através da análise fatorial foi possível obter 7 dimensões da qualidade de serviços: (i) professor; (ii) estrutura para ensino; (iii) atendimento; (iv) imagem; (v) material didático; (vi) relação custo versus benefício; e (vii) aparência do ambiente / equipamentos. Além disso, por meio da regressão linear múltipla foi possível explicar 56,9% da satisfação geral em função de apenas seis atributos. Os resultados encontrados possibilitaram a identificação das dimensões da qualidade percebida, assim como, o grau de satisfação dos clientes (alunos). / Service quality has been a subject frequently studied in the service marketing literature, since knowing the factors that make customers remain purchasing products or consuming services. It allows companies to target marketing efforts to achieve their expectations, maximizing results and promoting customer retention. The purpose of this study was to identify the dimensions and attributes related to perceived service quality provided by a franchised language school, Wizard, in relation to their customer satisfaction (the students). Therefore, after the literature review on the subject, an exploratory qualitative survey was conducted, through in-depth personal interviews with semi-structured approach. Next, a conclusive quantitative research was handled through a survey, using statistical techniques like factor analysis, multiple linear regression and ANOVA. Through the factor analysis it was possible to obtain 7 service quality dimensions: (i) teacher, (ii) learning framework, (iii) service, (iv) image, (v) didactic material, (vi) cost versus benefit relationship and; (vii) appearance of the environment / equipments. Furthermore, by the multiple linear regression, it was possible to explain 56.9% of the overall satisfaction on the basis of six attributes. Therefore, the obtained results allowed the identification of the perceived quality dimensions, as well as the students´ satisfaction degree.

PhD (Business Management) / Department of Business Management / Microfranchising’ is one of the new innovative entrepreneurial concepts that has gained traction in the past few years and potentially can provide a livelihood to the three billion people that live at the Bottom of the Pyramid (BoPInnovationCenter, 2020) on less than US$2 a day. While microfranchising is a strategy meant to rapidly scale-up entrepreneurship behaviour, very little is known about the microfranchising processes as well as its ability to enhance entrepreneurship in South Africa. Resultantly, the latter is ignored from entrepreneurship discussion and discourse at both academic and policy levels. To address this gap the study assessed microfranchising practices in South Africa, with the aim of proposing a microfranchising framework that will enhance entrepreneurship development. The study used the interpretivism research paradigm to achieve the study objectives. Primary and secondary data were employed to collect data on the microfranchising practices in South Africa. The study sampled five microfranchise entrepreneurs (four microfranchisee and one microfranchisor using the in-depth structured interview format while secondary data (microfranchisees and microfranchisors success stories) and was employed to collect data on the former and current practices of microfranchising in South Africa. The collected data was analysed using the ATLAS.ti. The study results show that microfranchisees exhibit traits of successful entrepreneurs. As a result, the study concludes that microfranchising can be used as a tool for entrepreneurship development using the proposed microfranchising framework developed in Chapter 6 of this study. The value of this work is among the first in seeking to propose a framework for developing entrepreneurship through microfranchising. The implication of the study is that it potentially provides policymakers with valuable tools to understand microfranchising practices and its efficacy in stimulating entrepreneurship development in South Africa. The study recorded and established microfranchising practices in South Africa to enhance the extinct academic literature on microfranchising and entrepreneurship ventures operating at the BoP. / NRF

The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between personality preference types (as measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator [MBTI]) Form M and psychological career resources (as measured by the Psychological Career Resource Inventory [PCRI]) of managers in the fast-food industry and whether groups from different races, ages and gender differ significantly regarding personality types and psychological career resources. A quantity survey was conducted on a sample (N = 81) of managers in the fast food industry in the Western Cape. The extraversion, sensing, feeling, judging (ESFJ) and the introversion, sensing, feeling, judging (ISFJ) personality types were the dominant ones in the study. Personality type preferences were significantly related to psychological career resources. The personality types differed significantly regarding the following PCRI variables: variety/creativity (career preference), growth/development (career value), self/other skills (career enabler) and social connectivity (career harmoniser). Significant differences between personality types, psychological career resources and age, gender and race were also established. / Industrial & Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)