I denna kvalitativa studie har det undersökts om vilken betydelse könsroller har på bankanställda samt om manliga och kvinnliga anställda upplever sin yrkesroll annorlunda. I undersökningen återfinns nio respondenters upplevelser varav sex anställda är respondenter som identifierar sig som kvinnor och tre som identifierar sig som män. Studien har genomförts på tre olika organisationer på olika orter i Sverige. Denna undersökning belyser respondenternas subjektiva upplevelser och erfarenheter om könsroller. Resultatet har analyserats utifrån de sociologiska perspektiven: rollteorin och symbolisk interaktionism som förklarar hur respondenternas roller skapats och hur de utspelar sig samt hur de uppfattar sig själva utifrån könsroller. Studiens resultat är att manliga och kvinnliga anställda upplever könsroller på liknande sätt, det vill säga i enlighet med de stereotypa egenskaperna utifrån vad som anses manligt respektive kvinnligt. Dock skiljer sig betydelsen av könsroller i upplevelser och även att det råder en ojämlikhet. Kvinnliga anställda upplever att de behöver prestera mer för att bli lika uppskattade som manliga kollegor. Kvinnor upplevde även i större utsträckning att de blev negativt bemötta av främst kunder på grund av deras kön. De manliga anställda upplevde att deras manliga kön fungerade som en positiv tillgång när det gäller respekt och karriärsuppgång. Resultatet visade att samtliga respondenter anpassade sig efter de rådande stereotypa könsrollerna dock att det sker utan någon större reflektion. / In this qualitative study, we have investigated which meaning gender roles have on bank and financial employees’ professional role, and whether male and female employees perceive their professional role differently. The study includes nine respondents' experiences of which six employees identify as female and three employees identify as male. The study has been conducted within three different organizations in different locations in Sweden. This study highlights the respondents' subjective experiences and experiences about gender roles. The results have been analysed using the sociological perspectives: role theory and symbolic interactionism, which explain how the respondents' roles are created, how they take place and how they perceive themselves based on gender roles. The study reveals that male and female employees experience gender roles in a similar way, that is, in accordance with the stereotypical characteristics based on what is considered male and female, respectively. However, the importance of gender roles in experiences differs and that inequality exists. Employees who identify as female feel that they need to perform at a higher level to become as appreciated as male colleagues. Women, to a greater extent than the men, felt that they were negatively addressed primarily by customers because of their perceived gender. The employees who identify as male felt that their gender served as a positive asset when it comes to respect and career advancement. The result showed that all respondents adapted to the prevailing stereotypical gender roles, however, that it occurs without any major reflection.

<p>C-paper Abstract</p><p>Title: Fluidity and Solidity in Marilynne Robinson’s Housekeeping</p><p>Author: Linda Lindqvist</p><p>The purpose of this essay is to show that fluidity and solidity constitute a central tension on all levels in Housekeeping, and how this tension leads to a choice of either a fluid or a solid lifestyle and view of the world. I focus on fluidity and solidity in gender roles, in memories, in dreams, in nature, and in different perceptions of reality. By taking a closer look at Ruth’s first-person narration (seeing fluidity as not resisting deformation, while solidity resists deformation), we find that the characters in Housekeeping have fluid and solid traits, but that there is no reality that allows mixed manifestations of these. This results in repression of either fluidity or solidity, which creates tension and feelings of loss. Ruth chooses a fluid lifestyle, thus her memories and dreams become mixed with her present, and this also leads her to become a transient, outside gender roles and traditional small town society. Transience in this novel questions all distinctions conventionally made between dream and reality; male and female. In conclusion, this essay highlights how tension between fluidity and solidity is generated on all levels in Housekeeping, and how this leads to either fluid or solid lifestyles since the characters follow a cultural code that dictates a choice between them.</p>

The plays of Oscar Wilde hold more than just sharp wit and likable characters; they also contain examinations of aspects of the playwright's own personality and explorations of possible life choices. Through the use of Performance Studies theory, this thesis seeks to shed light on how Wilde saw himself versus how he presented himself at different points in his life. The texts analyzed within are Wilde's 1891 dramatic religious retelling, Salomé, and his 1894 domestic comedy, The Importance of Being Ernest. Within each are clues to the interior desires of their author: Salomé offers an investigation of a strong female personality in a repressive male society, while The Importance of Being Earnest expands on the feminine taking control over destiny.

The purpose of this study was to examine group perpetrated antigay violence. Specifically, the effects of MGRS, peer dynamics, and increases in negative affect on antigay aggression were examined. The differential utility of aggression toward gay and heterosexual targets in relieving a state of negative affect (e.g., anger, fear) was also evaluated. Participants completed questionnaires that included a measure of MGRS, and then were assigned to one of three group conditions(individual, stranger, and friend). Participants then viewed a video depicting male-male intimacy and competed in the TAP against either a fictitious gay or heterosexual opponent. Results showed a main effect for condition, such that higher levels of aggression were observed in the group, relative to the individual, conditions. Analyses also revealed a significant positive relation between MGRS and aggression among participants competing with a stranger against a heterosexual opponent. Neither condition nor opponent differentially predicted changes in negative affect.

The purpose of this study is, based on theories of gender and hegemonic masculinity, to studyhow masculinity and femininity is constructed and reproduced in one of the most popularSwedish podcast: Filip &amp; Fredriks podcast. The main theory in this study is that gender issocially created and sustained by humans through language and interaction with others.The study's research questions is: How are gender roles/gender portrayed in Filip &amp; Fredrik'spodcast? What characteristics are attributed to men and women in Filip &amp; Fredrik's podcast?How does Filip &amp; Fredrik's podcast represents conditions and power relations between menand women?Through an linguistic textual analysis, which is an application of discourse analysis, I seek toget beneath the surface meanings of texts and examine more implicit social meanings andideologies regarding gender. It includes an analysis of metaphors, word choices and syntax.The analysis shows underlying values and ideologies that indicates gender structures in abroader societal context. Choice of words and metaphores in Filip &amp; Fredriks's podcastexpresses symbolism where men and male-typical attributes are highly valued, whilst womanand female-typical attributes is being devalued and representative of the opposite.Masculinities and femininities are also constructed and represented in various ways throughsentence constructions that guides the listeners in certain directions. Men are e.g. more oftenthan women in active roles when Filip and Fredrik describe different processes.Consciously or unconsciously, the presenters language establish and maintain a genderorder, gender roles and gender discourse. Dominant gender ideologies are reinforced in theeveryday conversations in Filip &amp; Fredrik's podcast through linguistic structures and genderideologies inherent in the communication.

DETTA EXAMENSARBETES SYFTE ÄR ATT UNDERSÖKA, JÄMFÖRA SAMT ANALYSERA BARNLITTERATUR FÖR ATT KUNNA FÅ EN BLICK AV VILKEN SYN PÅ KÖN BÖCKERNA FÖRMEDLAR SÅVÄL SOM HUR KVINNLIGA OCH MANLIGA KÖNSROLLER KONSTRUERAS I BARNLITTERATUREN I SVERIGE OCH ARABISK BARNLITTERATUR.

Children's literature affects the child's socialisation process, including the shaping the gender roles. But despite this, up to now children have featured less in gender scholarship. Against this backround, this paper seeks to critically interrogate the physical, social, economic and political manifestations of masculinities in selected Kiswahili children\'s books from Kenya. By analysing these works, we hope to demonstrate that power and ideological aspects of masculinites are rooted at childhood. Since special attention will be paid to the ideological and power basis of the masculinities, the analysis of the selected works is done in the encompassing prism of Critical Discourse Analysis revealing hegemonic masculinities.

Šis darbas yra orientuotas šeimos ir darbo sferų derinimą, kuomet moteris dirba pamaininį darbą. Pagrindinis jo tikslas - išsiaiškinti, ar pavyksta suderinti šeimos ir darbo sferas, kuomet moteris dirba pamaininį darbą ir kokiu būdu tai daroma. Pagrindiniai uždaviniai, kuriuos bandoma įgyvendinti darbe, yra išanalizuoti šeimai palankią politiką, taikomą Europoje, pristatyti darbo ir šeimos vaidmenų derinimo modelius, atskleisti su šeimos ir darbo pareigų derinimu susijusias problemas bei ištirti, ar šeimose, kuriose moteris dirba pamaininį darbą, yra šeimos ir darbo pareigų derinimas ir kaip tai vyksta. Tai atlikti padeda kiekybinių tyrimų metodas – apklausa raštu, t.y. anketavimas. Tyrimu buvo išsiaiškinta, kad moterys yra nepatenkintos dirbdamos pamaininį darbą, todėl yra susiduriama su inter – vaidmenų konfliktu, kuris rodo vieno arba kelių vaidmenų lūkesčių neatitikimą. Šiuo atveju konfliktai kyla dėl laiko, skiriamo šeimai stokos. Tačiau, kaip tyrimas atskleidžia, konfliktai sprendžiami atsakomybę už namų ūkį bei vaikų priežiūrą pasidalinant tarp moters ir vyro. Toks atsakomybės pasidalinimas rodo, kad derinant šeimos ir darbo sferas yra vadovaujamasi iš dalies sutampančių sričių modeliu (Jančaitytė, 2006) Taip pat tyrimu buvo atskleista, kad moterys yra patenkints, kaip skirstosi namų bei vaikų priežiūros darbus tarpusavyje, kadangi jų sutuoktiniai/partneriai rodo iniciatyvą užsiimti minėtomis veiklomis. Toks atsakomybės pasidalinimas atskleidžia dedamas pastangas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This work is oriented family and work spheres approximation, when the woman works shift work. Its main purpose - to find out if they were to reconcile family and work spheres, where women working shift work and how it is done. The main challenges to attempt to implement the work is to analyze the family-friendly policies for Europe, the present work and family roles of coordination models, the disclosure of family and professional responsibilities relating to coordination problems and to investigate whether the families where women work shift work, a family and work function approximation and how it happens. This facilitates quantitative research method - written survey, ie questionnaire. The study has found that women are dissatisfied with their working shift work, so there is a inter - role conflict, which displays one or more role expectations of conformity. In this case, conflicts arise due to the time allocated to the family. However, as the study reveals, conflicts are solved responsibility for household and child care is shared between a woman and a man. Such a division of responsibility shows that combining work and family spheres is guided overlapping zone model (Jančaitytė, 2006) This study also revealed that women are happy with the way distinguish the home and child care work together because their spouses / partners showing the initiative to engage in those activities. Such a division of responsibility reveals efforts to adapt to each other creating movable two... [to full text]

This study examined the personal and professional experiences of Canadian professional female popular musicians. The researcher gathered data in two phases. In phase one, 85 female musicians completed a 105-question on-line survey. In phase two, the researcher interviewed four musicians to expand and elucidate survey data. In keeping with a critical feminist approach, the researcher’s voice is prominent in the report. The study reveals a complex combination of personal and professional circumstances that both compel and impel women to become musicians, and then to cleave to or to abandon careers in the music industry. Families, peers, role models, and teachers all have some effect on personal and professional choices that musicians make. Gender stereotyping and sexual harassment prevail in both music education and the music industry, making these contested sites for women musicians. However, respondents’ identity as “musician” is a powerful force, in both personal and professional realms, making both education and industry also sites of triumph. Important findings include: respondents’ reflections on what makes for a successful pop musician; data revealed no essential biographical precursors for success in pop music; respondents’ opinions about the importance of music lessons are divided; and, along with credible technical music skills, musicians need to develop strong personal, social, and business skills. / Thesis (Master, Education) -- Queen's University, 2008-04-10 10:30:48.856

The purpose of this study was to examine group perpetrated antigay violence. Specifically, the effects of MGRS, peer dynamics, and increases in negative affect on antigay aggression were examined. The differential utility of aggression toward gay and heterosexual targets in relieving a state of negative affect (e.g., anger, fear) was also evaluated. Participants completed questionnaires that included a measure of MGRS, and then were assigned to one of three group conditions(individual, stranger, and friend). Participants then viewed a video depicting male-male intimacy and competed in the TAP against either a fictitious gay or heterosexual opponent. Results showed a main effect for condition, such that higher levels of aggression were observed in the group, relative to the individual, conditions. Analyses also revealed a significant positive relation between MGRS and aggression among participants competing with a stranger against a heterosexual opponent. Neither condition nor opponent differentially predicted changes in negative affect.