La thèse est consacrée à l'étude de l'héritage littéraire de Sévérien, évêque de Gabala (Ve s.) conservé dans les traductions arménienne et géorgienne. L’Introduction générale esquisse l’histoire de la recherche sur Sévérien etsystématise les critères utilisés pour attribuer une oeuvre à cet auteur ; une étude essaie de retracer les débris de son corpus dispersé dans les manuscrits grecs et caucasiens ; une partie codicologique présente les manuscritscaucasiens utilisés. Quatre textes arméniens (CPG 4248, 4246-1, 4246-2, 4295.17a) et quatre textes géorgiens (CPG 4235, 4236-3, 4236a.4, 4214) sont édités et traduits en français ; chaque pièce est précédée par les notes d'introduction qui contiennent nos observations sur son attribution à Sévérien, aussi bien que sur le rapport de l'original grec avec la version caucasienne ancienne. Deux textes portant le nom de Sévérien en arménien (CPG 4669) et en arabe (CPG 4290) sont étudiés et publiés pour la première fois en Appendice. Deux Annexes contiennent les lexiques gréco-géorgien et géorgien-grec créés sur la base d’une lecture parallèle des textes de Sévérien édités simultanément en grec et en géorgien. / The thesis presents a study of the literary heritage of Severian of Gabala (Ve cent.) conserved in ancient Armenian and Georgian translations. The General Introduction surveys the previous research on Severian and systematizes the criteria used to attribute a text to this author; the separate pieces of Severian's corpus spread throughout the Greek and Caucasian manuscripts are also considered; a codicological part introduces the Caucasian manuscripts used in the work. Four Armenian (CPG 4248, 4246-1, 4246-2, 4295.17a) and four Georgian texts (CPG 4235, 4236-3, 4236a.4, 4214) are edited and translated into French; each piece is preceded by introductory notes which contain our observations on the Severian's authorship and on the relationship between the Greek original and its ancient Caucasian version. Two text bearing Severian's name in Armenian (CPG 4669) and in Arabic (CPG 4290) are studied and published for the first time in an Annex. Two further Annexes are constituted of the Greek-Georgian and the Georgian-Greek lexicons based on the parallel reading of the texts of Severian which are published at once in Greek and in Georgian.

Russian government justified the war with Georgia by a set of normatively-legislative arguments. Intervention in Georgia was in accordance to those arguments legitimate. This rationalization proved to be invalid. Main goal of this diploma thesis was therefore to find Russian motives for the war with Georgia. Our hypothesis was that the reaction to Georgian military operation in South Ossetia was a result of a certain dilemma in Russian government. We used two methodological concepts introduced in the book of Graham T. Allison "Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis" for the analysis. The first model, "rational actor", presumes that countries act in the international relations always rationally. "Rational actor" showed that Russian reaction was a result of the rational choice - Russia evaluated military confrontation with Georgia as the most advantageous alternative. The governments' behavior is in accordance to the second model, "organizational process", always limited by behavior of their parts - organizations. The second model revealed that the Russian reaction was result of activated programs, whose character led to massive military action. Our analysis showed that the model which fits better in the case of finding motives of Russian government for the intervention in Georgia...

Diferentes agrupamentos de verbos, parte do que chamamos aqui de construções marginais, representam em georgiano um pequeno número de verbos que apresenta peculiaridades estruturais que se desviam, de um modo ou de outro, do padrão dominante representado por classes maiores de verbos. São nessas classes maiores que esses agrupamentos menores tradicionalmente acabam por ser inseridos, estando no limiar, diacrônica e sincronicamente, entre construções morfossintáticas maiores. Argumenta-se que, assim como em relação às classes verbais maiores e mais produtivas, esses grupos menores de verbos também revelam tendências bastante específicas presentes na língua, destacando-se por apresentar diferentes processos de significação. Em vista disso, com base no movimento teórico conhecido pelo amplo termo Linguística Cognitiva, procurou-se compreender e explicar fornecendo as necessárias relações entre construções que apontam para essas tendências menos e mais produtivas e prototípicas de que forma mudanças formais vistas nesses grupos de verbos em particular como mudanças argumentais, aumento ou apagamento de argumentos, mudança na marcação de caso de argumentos etc. codificam e espelham maneiras e processos distintos de significação, e qual seria, consequentemente, a natureza dessas diferentes significações. / Different groups of verbs, that we call here marginal constructions, represent in Georgian a limited number of verbs that have structural peculiarities that deviate in one way or another, from the dominant pattern represented by major verb classes in which they are traditionally classified, since they are at the threshold between major morphosyntactic constructions, diachronically and synchronically. It is argued that, compared to the largest and most productive verb classes, these smaller groups of verbs also reveal quite specific tendencies within the language, particularly by showing different meaning processes. Therefore, based on the theoretical framework known by the broad term Cognitive Linguistics, we sought to understand and explain by providing the necessary relations between those constructions that point to less and more productive and prototypical tendencies - how formal changes seen in these verb groups in particular, e.g. changes in argument structure, increase or deletion of arguments, shifting in case marking of arguments etc., reflect and code distinct ways and processes of conceptualization, being able, therefore, to caracterize the nature of these different meanings.

Diferentes agrupamentos de verbos, parte do que chamamos aqui de construções marginais, representam em georgiano um pequeno número de verbos que apresenta peculiaridades estruturais que se desviam, de um modo ou de outro, do padrão dominante representado por classes maiores de verbos. São nessas classes maiores que esses agrupamentos menores tradicionalmente acabam por ser inseridos, estando no limiar, diacrônica e sincronicamente, entre construções morfossintáticas maiores. Argumenta-se que, assim como em relação às classes verbais maiores e mais produtivas, esses grupos menores de verbos também revelam tendências bastante específicas presentes na língua, destacando-se por apresentar diferentes processos de significação. Em vista disso, com base no movimento teórico conhecido pelo amplo termo Linguística Cognitiva, procurou-se compreender e explicar fornecendo as necessárias relações entre construções que apontam para essas tendências menos e mais produtivas e prototípicas de que forma mudanças formais vistas nesses grupos de verbos em particular como mudanças argumentais, aumento ou apagamento de argumentos, mudança na marcação de caso de argumentos etc. codificam e espelham maneiras e processos distintos de significação, e qual seria, consequentemente, a natureza dessas diferentes significações. / Different groups of verbs, that we call here marginal constructions, represent in Georgian a limited number of verbs that have structural peculiarities that deviate in one way or another, from the dominant pattern represented by major verb classes in which they are traditionally classified, since they are at the threshold between major morphosyntactic constructions, diachronically and synchronically. It is argued that, compared to the largest and most productive verb classes, these smaller groups of verbs also reveal quite specific tendencies within the language, particularly by showing different meaning processes. Therefore, based on the theoretical framework known by the broad term Cognitive Linguistics, we sought to understand and explain by providing the necessary relations between those constructions that point to less and more productive and prototypical tendencies - how formal changes seen in these verb groups in particular, e.g. changes in argument structure, increase or deletion of arguments, shifting in case marking of arguments etc., reflect and code distinct ways and processes of conceptualization, being able, therefore, to caracterize the nature of these different meanings.

<p>This essay aims to analyse if the Russian military operation carried out against Georgia between the 7^th and 12^th of august 2008 were executed with adherence to the Russian principles for military deception, <em>maskirovka</em>.</p><p>   A superior purpose is to assess the situation according to the Swedish Armed Forces task of identifying possible needs for new or changed needs for abilities and competence.</p><p>   The method used is two-alternative hypotheses which are tried by comparing actual events before and during the Russian-Georgian war with the ten methods of <em>maskirovka</em>, compiled from military analytical literature. Such traces of resemblance are further examined, both individually and as a part of a larger indication.</p><p>   Further the essay describes the Russian art of war, the prerequisites for military surprise, information warfare in Russian doctrine, the disputed territories of South Ossetia and Abkhazia and the principles for <em>maskirovka</em>.</p><p>   The conclusion is that the Russian operation was executed with some adherence to maskirovka, though unspecified of to what degree.</p><p>   Author of this essay is Cadet Martin Svensson of the Swedish Army, currently a student at the Armed Forces Technical School in Halmstad.</p>

This paper analyzes fundamental shortcomings in the Georgian legal bases in both the constitution and the tax code with regard to a sustainable fiscal policy. It shows that the lack of experience with sharing political powers and competences among the administrative levels create centralizing tendencies, which are in sharp contrast to more recent laws on local selfgovernment. Having set the legal background of today’s administrative structure in Georgia, the paper continues to describe the country’s budget composition in terms of tax revenues and expenses since the year 2000. Following a brief discussion of the Georgian systems of transfers to subordinate administrative entities the paper concludes by naming essential reform steps that need to be taken towards the development of a functioning fiscal policy on all levels.

This essay aims to analyse if the Russian military operation carried out against Georgia between the 7th and 12th of august 2008 were executed with adherence to the Russian principles for military deception, maskirovka.    A superior purpose is to assess the situation according to the Swedish Armed Forces task of identifying possible needs for new or changed needs for abilities and competence.    The method used is two-alternative hypotheses which are tried by comparing actual events before and during the Russian-Georgian war with the ten methods of maskirovka, compiled from military analytical literature. Such traces of resemblance are further examined, both individually and as a part of a larger indication.    Further the essay describes the Russian art of war, the prerequisites for military surprise, information warfare in Russian doctrine, the disputed territories of South Ossetia and Abkhazia and the principles for maskirovka.    The conclusion is that the Russian operation was executed with some adherence to maskirovka, though unspecified of to what degree.    Author of this essay is Cadet Martin Svensson of the Swedish Army, currently a student at the Armed Forces Technical School in Halmstad.

The Russian-Georgian war of 2008 drastically changed Europe´s and Sweden´s political climate.Russiashowed that it is capable of successfully completing complex campaigns including ground, naval and air assets. However, not much has been said about the theoretical framework and doctrine of the Russian military of today. Even less has been researched about Russian use of air power and applied air theory. Are air power assets still considered primarily as support of ground offensives or has the theoretical framework changed? John A. Warden III´s theory presented in The Air Campaign and The Enemy as a System have had a big impact on western air power use. HasRussia also changed its approach on the use of air power to include the theory of Warden? This thesis researches Russian use of air power in the war with Georgia 2008. The empirics are then compared to Warden´s theory of air power use to answer the question if Russia´s air power use in the war with Georgia 2008 was done in cohesion with what Warden suggests. / Kriget i Georgien ändrade under några få dagar i augusti 2008 Sveriges och större delen av Europas säkerhetspolitiska klimat. Efter kriget står det klart att Ryssland genomförde en lyckad operation och nådde sitt mål att slå Georgien militärt. Väldigt lite har dock skrivits om Ryssland och dess militära teorigrund. Än mindre har skrivits om Rysslands flygstridskraftsanvändande teorigrund varför det kan vara intressant att vidare undersöka kriget i Georgien. Det råder ingen tvekan om att västvärldens militärer har tagit starkt intryck av John A. Warden IIIs teori om fienden som ett system och hans bok The Air Campaign. Har även rysk militär inspirerats av Wardens tankar och försökte ryska flygstridskrafter i så fall praktisera dessa under kriget i Georgien 2008? Denna uppsats undersöker om ryskt luftmaktsanvändande under kriget i Georgien kan sägas vara inspirerat av John A. Warden IIIs teori som presenterades i hans The Air Campaign och The Enemy as a System.

Cumulative effects, often minor individually but collectively significant, are continually being grappled with by researchers, policy makers and practitioners. Despite this the Canadian approach to cumulative effects assessment is thought by many to be ineffective. In this thesis I investigate the literature that surrounds cumulative effects and uncovered three distinct themes that occur chronologically: genesis, project-based approach and integration. During the genesis phase cumulative effects nomenclature, ideas and frameworks was created. The main theme of this era was to asses these effects at a large scale and to have a strong understanding of a systems ecology prior to the assessment. This approach was found to be too complex and so a more narrow project-based approach was implemented and still remains today. This approach is heavily criticized and as such researchers are now trying to find an approach that integrates these two divergent themes into a regional level assessment. I have found there to be several frameworks but an absence of effective regional methodologies. There is a need for regional metrics if this approach is to ever be institutionally supported. Food web structure can be evaluated at multiple scales and has been shown to be responsive to environmental variation; thus, it has potential for application as a metric for cumulative effects. Here, using stable isotope analysis, I field test integrative measures of food web structure (food chain length, habitat coupling, trophic omnivory) at sites of varying degrees of anthropogenic stressors in Georgian Bay, Ontario to evaluate the use of food webs as a metric for cumulative effects assessment. I found that food web structure varied significantly among sites. Sites with high levels of stress displayed structural characteristics reflective of human activities such as shorter food chain lengths, increased trophic omnivory, and reduced habitat coupling relative to the non-stressed sites. These results indicate that food web structure as an ecosystem level metric may provide insight into anthropogenic activities, and may be applied routinely as a metric for doing Cumulative Effects Assessment. / University of Guelph, Saugeen Ojibway Nation, Georgian Bay Forever

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.