No description available.

This dissertation consists of two parts: research pertaining to the development of scalable pump techniques for gain guided index-antiguided fiber lasers and research relating to the development of passive athermalization schemes for solid state lasers. The first section primarily details the development of a side pump scheme that allows for power scaling of gain-guided index anti-guided fibers. While these fibers have been demonstrated in past research, none have used a pump technology capable of pumping with the efficiencies, uniformity, and necessary length to allow for scaling of the fiber lasers to high output powers. The side pumped scheme developed in this section demonstrates a 6 W output power fiber laser with room for improvement in efficiency and beam quality. The second section details work done on the development of technologies for passively athermalizing the output of solid state laser systems. Techniques for passively removing the dependence of laser output power/energy on the operating temperature of the laser system promise to reduce the weight, power consumption, and cost of fielded laser systems. Methods for achieving passive athermalization are discussed, as well as prior research in laser athermalization, background theory, enabling technologies, and experimental results. This work provides the basis for continued research of passive athermalization and the eventual demonstration of this technology.

No description available.

Ce travail de thèse a permis d’étudier l’influence de l’ajout d’ingrédients fonctionnels laitiers sur l’encapsulation de L. rhamnosus GG (LGG). Deux ingrédients laitiers (ß-lactoglobuline et membrane des globules gras du lait - MFGM) ont été identifiés comme étant capables d’adhérer fortement à LGG par l’intermédiaire de ses pili. Le rôle clé de ces adhésions dans la localisation spatiale des bactéries dans la matrice laitière a été mis en évidence, ainsi que le rôle des constituants de la matrice dans sa structuration. Cela a permis de sélectionner, in vitro, une matrice d’encapsulation capable de protéger de manière efficace les bactéries des conditions gastriques et de libérer les bactéries vivantes au niveau de l’intestin. En parallèle, la MFGM dans l’encapsulation des bactéries s’est révélée prometteuse. Ce travail a également démontré l’importance primordiale du choix de la matrice d’encapsulation. En effet, une compétition entre l’adhésion de LGG aux cellules intestinales et l’adhésion de LGG à certains composants de la matrice laitière a été démontrée. Les deux phénomènes impliquent probablement les mêmes mécanismes : adhésion aux pili glycosylés de LGG. Pour terminer, un procédé de séchage par atomisation a été développé pour encapsuler LGG. Il permet une bonne survie des bactéries après séchage et la production de microparticules présentant des propriétés fonctionnelles innovantes liées à la température du milieu de réhydratation / The aim of this work was to understand how functional dairy components influence L. rhamnosus GG (LGG) encapsulation. First, two dairy components (-lactoglobulin and milk fat globule membrane - MFGM) able to strongly adhere to LGG through their pili are identified. The key role of these adhesions on bacteria spatial location in the matrix is highlighted, as well as the role of matrix dairy components in their structuration. This allowed to select, in vitro, a matrix able to protect bacteria in gastric conditions and to release them viable in the intestine. Simultaneously, the use of MFGM in bacteria encapsulation has proven to be promising. This work demonstrated the importance of the matrix choice in the encapsulation procedure. Results demonstrated that adhesion between LGG and dairy matrix may compete with adhesion of LGG to epithelial intestinal cell. The two phenomena likely involve the same mechanisms: adhesion to glycosylated pili of LGG. To finish, a spray drying encapsulation process is developed to encapsulate bacteria. It leads to a high bacteria survival after drying and the production of microparticles with innovative properties depending on rehydration temperature

Os herpesvírus equinos do tipo 1 (EHV-1) e do tipo 4 (EHV-4) são considerados os principais agentes infecciosos para a espécie equina. Dentre as doenças causadas por estes agentes, destacam-se a rinopneumonite em animais jovens, o abortamento em fêmeas no terço final da gestação, a mortalidade perinatal em potros e a mieloencefalopatia. Estudos anteriores relatam ampla disseminação do EHV-1 na população eqüina no Estado de São Paulo, entretanto a ocorrência de infecção pelo EHV-4 não possui registro. Devido à similaridade antigênica entre os dois tipos virais, a diferenciação pelos métodos de sorodiagnóstico tradicionais, como a Soroneutralização e a Reação de Fixação de Complemento, não é possível. Assim, este trabalho avaliou, pela primeira vez no Estado de São Paulo, através de um teste de ELISA indireto que emprega uma região da glicoproteína G para diferenciar o EHV-1 do EHV-4 (iELISAgG),a presença de anticorpos específicos para os dois tipos de herpesvírus equino em 512 animais de 20 municípios de 8 mesoregiões do Estado de São Paulo, dentre equinos, muares e asininos, de ambos os sexos, diferentes faixas etárias, vacinados e não vacinados. As mesmas amostras foram testadas para o EHV através do teste de soroneutralização, tradicionalmente empregado para a pesquisa de anticorpos contra o vírus. Os resultados obtidos com a soroneutralização revelam 205/512 (40,03%) animais soropositivos. Através do teste de ELISA obteve-se 3/512 (0,59%) animais positivos para o EHV-1, 347/512 (67,77%) animais positivos para o EHV-4 e 108/512 (21,09%) animais positivos para ambos. O grupo de animais não vacinados apresentou 127/352 (36,07%) soropositivos pelo teste de soroneutralização; enquanto 4/352 (1,14%) foram positivos para o EHV-1, 237/352 (67,33%) foram positivos para o EHV-4 e 69/352 (19,6%) foram positivos para ambos, pelo teste de ELISA. O grupo de animais vacinados apresentou 78/160 (48,75%) soropositivos pelo teste de soroneutralização; enquanto 1/160 (0,63%) foram positivos para o EHV-1, 112/160 (70%) foram positivos para o EHV-4 e 37/160 (23,13%) foram positivos para ambos, pelo teste de ELISA. Os resultados sugerem baixa circulação de EHV-1 e alta circulação de EHV-4, de acordo com os resultados encontrados nos animais não vacinados. A análise de correlação entre os dois testes empregados mostrou baixa concordância. / The equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) and type 4 (EHV-4) are considered the major infectious agents for the equine species. Among the diseases caused by these agents, we highlight the rinopneumonite in young animals, abortion in females in the final third of pregnancy, perinatal mortality in foals and encefalopathy. Previous studies have reported wide spread of EHV-1 equine population in the State of São Paulo, however the occurrence of infection with EHV-4 is not registered. Due to the antigenic similarity between the two virus types, the differential serodiagnosis by traditional methods such as neutralization and complement fixation reaction, it is not possible. Thus, this study evaluated the first time in São Paulo, through an indirect ELISA employing a region of glycoprotein G to differentiate EHV-1 EHV-4 (iELISAgG), the presence of specific antibodies to the two types of equine herpesvirus in 512 animals from 20 municipalities in 8 regions the State of São Paulo, among horses, mules and donkeys of both sexes, different age groups, vaccinated and unvaccinated. The same samples were tested for EHV through the neutralization test, traditionally used for the detection of antibodies against the virus. The results obtained with the neutralization revealed 205/512 (40.03%) seropositive animals. By ELISA we obtained 3/512 (0.59%) animals positive for EHV-1, 347/512 (67.77%) animals positive for EHV-4 and 108/512 (21.09% ) animals positive for both. The group of unvaccinated animals showed 127/352 (36.07%) HIV-positive by serum neutralization test, while 4/352 (1.14%) were positive for EHV-1, 237/352 (67.33%) were positive for EHV-4 and 69/352 (19.6%) were positive for both ELISA. The group of vaccinated animals showed 78/160 (48.75%) seropositive by neutralization test, while 1 / 160 (0.63%) were positive for EHV-1, 112/160 (70%) were positive for EHV-4 and 37/160 (23.13%) were positive for both ELISA. The results suggest low circulation of EHV-1 and high circulation of EHV-4 according to the results found in unvaccinated animals. The correlation analysis between the two tests employed showed poor agreement

Os herpesvírus equinos do tipo 1 (EHV-1) e do tipo 4 (EHV-4) são considerados os principais agentes infecciosos para a espécie equina. Dentre as doenças causadas por estes agentes, destacam-se a rinopneumonite em animais jovens, o abortamento em fêmeas no terço final da gestação, a mortalidade perinatal em potros e a mieloencefalopatia. Estudos anteriores relatam ampla disseminação do EHV-1 na população eqüina no Estado de São Paulo, entretanto a ocorrência de infecção pelo EHV-4 não possui registro. Devido à similaridade antigênica entre os dois tipos virais, a diferenciação pelos métodos de sorodiagnóstico tradicionais, como a Soroneutralização e a Reação de Fixação de Complemento, não é possível. Assim, este trabalho avaliou, pela primeira vez no Estado de São Paulo, através de um teste de ELISA indireto que emprega uma região da glicoproteína G para diferenciar o EHV-1 do EHV-4 (iELISAgG),a presença de anticorpos específicos para os dois tipos de herpesvírus equino em 512 animais de 20 municípios de 8 mesoregiões do Estado de São Paulo, dentre equinos, muares e asininos, de ambos os sexos, diferentes faixas etárias, vacinados e não vacinados. As mesmas amostras foram testadas para o EHV através do teste de soroneutralização, tradicionalmente empregado para a pesquisa de anticorpos contra o vírus. Os resultados obtidos com a soroneutralização revelam 205/512 (40,03%) animais soropositivos. Através do teste de ELISA obteve-se 3/512 (0,59%) animais positivos para o EHV-1, 347/512 (67,77%) animais positivos para o EHV-4 e 108/512 (21,09%) animais positivos para ambos. O grupo de animais não vacinados apresentou 127/352 (36,07%) soropositivos pelo teste de soroneutralização; enquanto 4/352 (1,14%) foram positivos para o EHV-1, 237/352 (67,33%) foram positivos para o EHV-4 e 69/352 (19,6%) foram positivos para ambos, pelo teste de ELISA. O grupo de animais vacinados apresentou 78/160 (48,75%) soropositivos pelo teste de soroneutralização; enquanto 1/160 (0,63%) foram positivos para o EHV-1, 112/160 (70%) foram positivos para o EHV-4 e 37/160 (23,13%) foram positivos para ambos, pelo teste de ELISA. Os resultados sugerem baixa circulação de EHV-1 e alta circulação de EHV-4, de acordo com os resultados encontrados nos animais não vacinados. A análise de correlação entre os dois testes empregados mostrou baixa concordância. / The equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) and type 4 (EHV-4) are considered the major infectious agents for the equine species. Among the diseases caused by these agents, we highlight the rinopneumonite in young animals, abortion in females in the final third of pregnancy, perinatal mortality in foals and encefalopathy. Previous studies have reported wide spread of EHV-1 equine population in the State of São Paulo, however the occurrence of infection with EHV-4 is not registered. Due to the antigenic similarity between the two virus types, the differential serodiagnosis by traditional methods such as neutralization and complement fixation reaction, it is not possible. Thus, this study evaluated the first time in São Paulo, through an indirect ELISA employing a region of glycoprotein G to differentiate EHV-1 EHV-4 (iELISAgG), the presence of specific antibodies to the two types of equine herpesvirus in 512 animals from 20 municipalities in 8 regions the State of São Paulo, among horses, mules and donkeys of both sexes, different age groups, vaccinated and unvaccinated. The same samples were tested for EHV through the neutralization test, traditionally used for the detection of antibodies against the virus. The results obtained with the neutralization revealed 205/512 (40.03%) seropositive animals. By ELISA we obtained 3/512 (0.59%) animals positive for EHV-1, 347/512 (67.77%) animals positive for EHV-4 and 108/512 (21.09% ) animals positive for both. The group of unvaccinated animals showed 127/352 (36.07%) HIV-positive by serum neutralization test, while 4/352 (1.14%) were positive for EHV-1, 237/352 (67.33%) were positive for EHV-4 and 69/352 (19.6%) were positive for both ELISA. The group of vaccinated animals showed 78/160 (48.75%) seropositive by neutralization test, while 1 / 160 (0.63%) were positive for EHV-1, 112/160 (70%) were positive for EHV-4 and 37/160 (23.13%) were positive for both ELISA. The results suggest low circulation of EHV-1 and high circulation of EHV-4 according to the results found in unvaccinated animals. The correlation analysis between the two tests employed showed poor agreement

Syftet med denna undersökning var att ta reda på om en viss ”omotiverad” klass yrkeselever delade upp sina ämnen i olika kategorier och hur detta påverkade deras motivation, särskilt i engelska. Tidigare forskning antyder att yrkeselever ofta delar upp sina ämnen i ”praktiska”, eller yrkesämnen och ”teoretiska” eller gymnasiegemensamma (GG) ämnen och att de har sänkt motivation i de sistnämnda. Tolv elever i en värme, ventilation och sanitets- (VVS) klass svarade på en enkät och tre av dem intervjuades individuellt. Resultatet visade att eleverna delade upp sina ämnen på ett annat sätt än förväntat. De delade upp ämnena i ”stilla-sittande” och ”arbeta med kroppen”. Det var de ”stilla sittande” ämnena som var minst populära men engelska var omtyckt trots sin ”stilla-sittande” kategorisering. Detta förklarades av deras tidigare intresse för ämnet, men även av en bra relation till läraren, och varierande och intressanta uppgifter. Slutsatsen var därmed att dessa elever gärna vill röra på sig och det behövs både en bra relation till läraren och varierande, intressanta uppgifter för att öka och uppehålla deras motivation för ämnet / The aim of this study was to discover whether an “unmotivated” class of vocational students categorised their subjects and how this affected their motivation, especially in English. Research suggests that vocational students often divide their subjects into practical, or vocational, and theoretical, or other subjects, and that they have less motivation for the latter. Twelve HVAC or plumbing students answered a survey and three of them were interviewed separately. The results showed that the students divided their subjects into “sit-still” lessons and “using your body” lessons. The “sit-still” lessons were least popular, but English was well-liked despite its categorisation as a “sit-still” lesson. This was explained by their previous interest for English as a subject, but even by their good relationship with the teacher, and varied, interesting tasks. The conclusion was therefore at these students like to be moving around and that it is also necessary for them to have a good relationship with their teacher, and varied, interesting tasks in order to increase and maintain their motivation for the subject.

No description available.

In etlichen Studien konnte die gesundheitsfördernde Wirkung von probiotischen Bakterien nachgewiesen werden. Heutzutage werden diese zahlreich in der Nahrungsmittel- und Kosmetikindustrie verwendet, um das Immunsystem des Menschen positiv zu beeinflussen. Probiotische Bakterien oder deren Extrakte können zum Beispiel die Produktion von Zytokinen anregen oder herabsetzen und dadurch Entzündungsreaktionen verhindern oder die körpereigene Abwehr steigern. Auch die Produktion des humanen Beta-Defensins-2 (hBD-2) kann durch probiotische Bakterien verändert werden. Dieses wirkt im menschlichen Körper wie ein körpereigenes Antibiotikum und wird von verschiedenen Zellen kontinuierlich gebildet. Gerade in entzündetem Gewebe unterliegt es einer gesteigerten Produktion. Inwieweit sich die hBD-2-Produktion in oralen Keratinozyten der Zelllinie OKF6/hTERT-2 verändert, während diese mit den Extrakten der probiotischen Bakterien Lactobacillus salivarius (L.s.) und Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (L.GG.) inkubiert wurden, war das Ziel dieser Arbeit. Die Ergebnisse zeigen deutlich eine verringerte hBD-2-Produktion der oralen Keratinozyten nach der Stimulation mit den Bakterienextrakten zu verschiedenen Konzentrationen und Zeiten. Ein günstiger Therapieansatz durch die Gabe von probiotischen Bakterienextrakten bei entzündlichen Erkrankungen der Mundschleimhaut, wäre durch eine gesteigerte hBD-2-Produktion denkbar. Dieses bekämpft nämlich pathogene Erreger und unterstützt somit die Immunabwehr. Mit den Bakterienextrakten von L.s. und L.GG. ließ sich die Produktion von hBD-2 in den oralen Keratinozyten nicht steigern. Einen anti-inflammatorischen Effekt der Extrakte auf die Zellen ist dennoch nicht auszuschließen, da die hBD-2-Konzentration auch indirekt als Indikator einer Entzündung angesehen werden kann und hier mit zunehmender Bakterienextraktkonzentration sinkt. Jedoch sind andere Ursachen für den Konzentrationsabfall ebenso denkbar.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:15:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Patricia Barizon Cepeda.pdf: 4456439 bytes, checksum: 76acf89f6f60c2d403100e8366a812b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / A new genus and five new species of dactylogyrid monogeneans were described from the gills of Brachyplatystoma filamentosum (Pimelodidae). The fishes were collected from the Araguaia river, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The new genus is characterized by a combination of characters which included gonads tandem, germarium ovate or elongate, anterior to testis, copulatory organ J shaped or curved and accessory piece non-articulated or articulated, prostatic reservoir is ovate when observed, vagina sinistro-marginal, sclerotized or not, haptor subhexagonal with shank simple and similar hooks. Characteristics of the new genus resembles Demidospermus Suriano, 1983, Aphanoblastella Kritsky, Mendoza-Franco e Scholz, 2000, Pseudovancleaveus Fran?a, Issac, Pavanelli e Takemoto, 2003, Unibarra Suriano e Incorvaia, 1995 and Unilatus Mizelle e Kritsky, 1967. Morphological differences among the five new species are based on: Genus n., sp. n. 1 possessing ventral bar slightly curved and dorsal bar straight, both with the large ends; accessory piece slightly curved, nonarticulated; copulatory organ shaped-J with ornamentation. Genus n., sp. n. 2 possessing ventral bar slightly curved and dorsal bar straight with ends slightly curved; vagina sclerotized; copulatory organ shaped-J; accessory piece with two lobes, articulated and prostatic reservoir present. Genus n., sp. n. 3 present peduncle elongate; ventral bar slightly curved with a small prominence in the antero-median region, dorsal bar elongate, with ends slightly curved; accessory piece curved, articulated; copulatory organ curved with ornamentation. Genus n., sp. n. 4 possessing ventral bar slightly curved, with a small prominence in the antero-median region and dorsal bar straight, both with large ends; accessory piece curved with large proximal end; copulatory organ shape-J with ornamentation. Genus n., sp. n. 5 possessing peduncle elongate; ventral, dorsal bar slightly curved, dorsal bar present a prominence in the antero-median region; vagina sclerotized; accessory piece articulated, irregular and copulatory organ shaped-J; prostatic reservoir present. / Como resultado do estudo taxon?mico dos parasitos de br?nquias de Brachyplatystoma filamentosum (Pimelodidae) provenientes do rio Araguaia, Mato Grosso, Brasil, um novo g?nero (Gen. n..) de Dactylogyridae (Monogenea) ? proposto e cinco esp?cies novas (Gen. n., sp. n. 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5) foram descritas. O g?nero novo est? caracterizado por uma combina??o de caracteres que inclui: g?nadas n?o superpostas, germ?rio pr?-testicular alongado ou oval, ?rg?o copulat?rio masculino em forma de J ou curvo, pe?a acess?ria articulada ou n?o, reservat?rio prost?tico oval quando presente, vagina sinistro-marginal esclerotizada ou n?o, haptor subhexagonal com sete pares de ganchos similares entre si. As caracter?sticas que definem o g?nero novo sugerem semelhan?as morfol?gicas com Demidospermus Suriano, 1983, Aphanoblastella Kritsky, Mendoza-Franco e Scholz, 2000, Pseudovancleaveus Fran?a, Issac, Pavanelli e Takemoto, 2003, Unibarra Suriano e Incorvaia, 1995 e Unilatus Mizelle e Kritsky, 1967. As diferen?as morfol?gicas entre as cinco esp?cies do g?nero novo s?o: G?nero n., sp. n. 1 possui barra ventral ligeiramente curva e barra dorsal reta, ambas com extremidades alargadas; apresenta pe?a acess?ria ligeiramente curva, n?o articulada; ?rg?o copulat?rio em forma de J com ornamenta??o; aus?ncia de reservat?rio prost?tico. G?nero n. sp. n. 2. possui barra ventral ligeiramente curva e barra dorsal reta com extremidades ligeiramente curvas; presen?a de vagina esclerotizada; org?o copulat?rio em forma de J; pe?a acess?ria bilobada, articulada e presen?a de reservat?rio prost?tico. G?nero n. sp. n. 3 apresenta o ped?nculo longo; possui barra ventral ligeiramente curva com pequena proemin?ncia na regi?o antero-mediana; barra dorsal reta, alongada, com extremidades ligeiramente curvas; pe?a acess?ria curva, articulada e ?rg?o copulat?rio curvo, com ornamenta??o. G?nero n., sp. n. 4 apresenta barra ventral ligeiramente curva com pequena proemin?ncia na regi?o antero-mediana e barra dorsal reta, ambas com extremidades alargadas; pe?a acess?ria curva com a extremidade proximal mais larga; ?rg?o copulat?rio em forma de J, com ornamenta??o. G?nero n., sp. n. 5 possui o ped?nculo largo; barra ventral quase reta e barra dorsal ligeiramente curva com pequena proemin?ncia na regi?o anteromediana; vagina esclerotizada; pe?a acess?ria articulada e irregular e ?rg?o copulat?rio apresenta forma de J, presen?a de reservat?rio prost?tico. Estes s?o os primeiros registros de monogen?ticos parasitando B. filamentosum.