Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Despite recent advances in stem cell biology, immunotherapy and transplantation, substantial barriers still exist in the large-scale specific separation of a discrete population of human therapeutic cells from a cell suspension. The ideal purification technique should combine high cell purity, yield and function, with fast processing and affordability. Currently, fluorescence-activated cell sorting with flow cytometry (FACS) and magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS®) are the most used methods for cell separation and purification and have been employed extensively in molecular biology, diagnostic and cell sorting applications, because they are considered to be gentle, fast and scalable. However, these methods have several key disadvantages; they are invariably expensive, yield low log cell reduction (LCR) rates, and suffer from drawbacks when applied to niche cell populations, such as those requiring multiple tandem separation steps and/or involving combined positive and negative cell selection steps. To address this challenge, a new cell affinity selection system was developed. The selectivity is based on the reversible monomeric avidin biotin interaction and it is primary designed for positive selection. The initial studies were performed on flat, nonporous, glass coverslips and the technology was then successfully transferred on high grade smooth non-porous glass beads (with a diameter of 79.12 to 118.59 μm). The multi-step layer-by-layer deposition procedure culminating in dextran-coated supports bearing monomeric avidin was rigorously characterized and subsequently employed in packed bed chromatography experiments with human erythrocytes isolated from cord blood and B lymphocytes from cell lines. The developed affinity selection platform was highly selective, efficient and, most importantly, resulted in high yields, cell purity and viability comparable with MACS® technology. Additionally scale up is possible and could be easily transferred to another chromatographic matrix with the appropriate structure.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Orientadoesr: Angela Maria Moraes, Silvia Yuko Eguchi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T08:22:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucchesi_ElianeGama_M.pdf: 1203175 bytes, checksum: 28d918ad922300d0066ef3f03d052bdd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Biofilme microbiano é definido como uma associação de células microbianas, fixadas a superfícies, bióticas ou abióticas, envolta por uma complexa matriz extracelular de substâncias poliméricas. Os biofilmes representam mais de 90% dos contaminantes existentes em sistemas aquosos, industriais, clínicos e ambientais. A resistência de microrganismos em biofilmes (sésseis) a biocidas é muito maior que a resistência de células livres (planctônicas), quando se compara seus antibiogramas. A rápida e correta avaliação do efeito de agentes antimicrobianos sobre os microrganismos sésseis é muito importante para a adequada seleção das ações corretivas a serem aplicadas em sistemas industriais contaminados. Atualmente, o sistema in vitro mais indicado para gerar, quantificar e erradicar biofilmes é o dispositivo MBECTM, de alto custo, desenvolvido por pesquisadores canadenses. O presente estudo visou o desenvolvimento de um sistema alternativo que fornecesse resultados análogos ao MBECTM, empregando esferas de vidro como suporte para o crescimento de biofilmes ao invés de placas de poliestíreno. Em amostras de três segmentos industriais diferentes (óleo de corte usado na usinagem de metais, amaciante ,. de roupas e caldo de cana) contaminados com microrganismos formadores de biofilmes, foram testadas sete formulações de biocidas em diversas concentrações, tanto no sistema desenvolvido quanto no dispositivo MBECTM. Os biocidas utilizados foram fomecidos pela IPEL Itibanyl Produtos Especiais Ltda, formulados com os seguintes princípios ativos: 2-bromo-2nitropropano-1 ,3-diol (BNP-115); 2-n-octíl-4isotiazolin-3-ona, 2-tiocianometiltiobenzotiazol, dimetílolurea, 5-cloro-2 metil-4isotiazolin-3-ona, 2-metil-4-isotiazolin-3-ona (FBP-124); 2-n-octil-4 isotiazolin-3-ona, dimetilolurea, 1,2-benzisotiazolin-3-ona (FBP-128); sódio-2-piridinatiol-n-óxido (FBP-140); hexahidro-1,3,5-tris(2-hidroxietil) s-triazina (BP-180); 2-bromo-2nitropropano-1,3-diol, 5cloJo-2metíl-4-isotiazolin-3-ona, 2-metil-4-isotiazolin-3-ona (BP-509);e 2-n-octil-4isotiazolin-3-ona, dimethylolurea, 3-iodo-2-propinil butil carbamato (FBP-417). A concentração inibitória mínima. (MIe) dos biocidas e suas concentrações mínimas de morte (CMM) foram determinadas para as bactérias planctônicas do fluido de corte, e a melhor relação custo/benefício foi observada para o biocida BNP-11,5, que apresentou MIC e CMM de 0,014% (v/v). Quanto às células sésseis, formadas em ambos os dispositivos utilizando-se fluido de corte contaminado como inóculo, o biocida de melhor relação custo/benefício foi o BP180. Nos ensaios com amaciante de roupas e caldo de cana, as melhores relações custo/benefício foram verificadas para os biocidas BNP-115, BP-180 e BP-509. A maturidade do biofilme foi muito importante para avaliar a eficácia dos biocidas. Verificou-se, durante o desenvolvimento. do trabalho, que para a concentração de erradicação (CE) do biofílme formado no dispositivo MBECTM ser semelhante às concentrações determinadas nas esferas de vidro, houve a necessidade de um periodo de incubação maior (72 horas) no MBECTM do que no sistema de esferas (48 horas). Os valores de CE determinados para o dispositivo MBEC TM, com 48 horas e 72 horas de incubação foram, respectivamente, 12 vezes maior que a concentração tradicional recomendada e de 30 a 125 vezes tal concentração, dependendo do biocida testado. Estes resultados evidenciaram que a maturidade do biofilme formado a partir do óleo de corte contaminado é atingida mais rapidarTIente no sistema de esferas de vidro do que no dispositivo MBEC TM, mostrando que é possível gerar um biofilme representativo da contaminação industrial em 48 horas no sistema alternativo desenvolvido, agilizando as ações corretivas e evitando ou minimizando principalmente os custos com o descarte das emulsões / Abstract: A microbial biofilm is defined as an association of microbial cells adhered to surfaces, biotic or abiotic, wrapped up in a complex extracellular polymeric matrix. Biofilms represent more than 90% of the existent contaminants in aqueous, industrial, and clinical systems, as well as in the environment. The resistance to biocides of microorganisms in biofilms (sessile cells) is much larger than that observed for cells in suspension (planktonic) when their antibiograms are compared. The fast and correct evaluation of the effect of antimicrobial agents on sessile microorganisms is very important for the appropriate selection of the corrective adions to be applied in contaminated industrial systems. Nowadays, the most indicated system to generate, quantify and eradicate biofilms is the MBECTM device, developed by Canadian researchers. The present study seeked the development of an altemative system to supply results similar to those obtained with the MBEC TM device, employing glass spheres as a support for biofilm growth instead of polystyrene plates. In samples of three different industrial segments (metal working cutting fluid, liquid fabric softener and sugar cane extract), seven commercial biocide formulations were tested in several concentrations, on "'rboth the developed system using glass spheres as support, and on the MBECTM device. The biocides employed were provided by IPEL ltibanyl Produtos Especiais Ltda, and were formulated with the following active agents: 2-brome-2nitropropane-1,3-diol (BNP-115); 2-n-octil-4isotiazolin-3-0ne, 2-tiocianometiltiobenzotiazol, dimethyilolurea, 5cloro-2metil-4-isotiazolin-3-one, 2-metil-4-isotiazolin-3-one (FBP-124); 2-n-octil-4 isotiazolin-3-0ne, dimethylolurea, 1,2-benzisotiazolin-3-0ne (FBP-128); sodium-2piridinatiol-n-oxide (FBP-140); hexahidro-1,3,5-tris(2-hidroxietil) s-triazine (BP-180); 2brome-2nitropropane-1 ,3-diol, 5-cloro-2metil-4-isotiazolin-3-one, 2-metil-4-isotiazolin-3-0ne (BP-509);e 2-n-octil-4-isotiazolin-3-0ne, dimethylolurea, 3-iodo-2-propinil butil carbamate (FBP-417). . The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum concentration of death (CMM) of the different biocides were determined for the cutting fluid planktonic bacteria and the best costlbenefit ratio was observed for BNP-115 biocide, which presented MIC and CMM values equal to 0,014% (v/v). Referring to sessile cells formed on both systems, when the contaminated cutting fluid was used as inoculum, the biocide presenting the best costlbenefit ratio was BP-180. In the tests with liquid fabric softener and sugar cane extract, the best costlbenefit ratios were verified when using BNP-115, BP-180 and BP-509 biocides. The maturity of the biofilm was very important to evaluate the effectiveness of the biocides. It was verified, during the development of the work, that for the eradication concentration (CE) of the biofilm formed in the MBEC TM device to be similar to the concentrations determined in the glass spheres, a larger incubation period was required (72 hours) in MBECTM than in the system constituted of spheres (48 hours). The determined values of CE using the MBECTM device, after incubation periods of 48 hours and 72 hours, were, respedively, 12 times higher than the traditional recommended concentration and from 30 to 125 times such concentration, depending on the tested biocide. These results evidenced that the biofilm formed trom the cutting oil reached its maturity more quickly in the glass spheres system than in the MBEC TM device, showing that it is possible to generate a representative biofilm starting from an industrial contaminated sample in 48 hours in the developed system, accelerating the proper corrective actions and avoiding or minimizing mainly the costs related to emulsion disposal / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Biotecnologicos / Mestre em Engenharia Química

This research is devoted to beadwork applications on tradition textiles of definite regions of Bohemia and Moravia. The aim of the study is determination of significance of beadwork decoration in the traditional costume in final stage of tradition culture existence. Specificity of development of beadwork, requirements, and regional types are central subjects of this research. The thesis contains studies of relationship between glass technology development and circulation of glass beads in rural area. Impacts of cosmopolitan fashion tendencies on traditional costume, change of functions of beads in traditional dress are also considered. This research covers the period from second half of 19 sentries to first half of 20 centuries (interwar period). Key words: application, beads, beadwork applications, decoration, glass beads, seed beads, tradition costume, tradition textile.

New research has shed light on the origin of the Danish glass beads dating to the BronzeAge and the increase in long-distance exchange during this period. This has provided newknowledge about glass beads during the Bronze Age, which unlocked the question of whatit looks like in the rest of Scandinavia. To get a broader perspective I have chosen to studythe first evidence of early craft sites where glass beads were made in Scandinavia. Then acomparison is made between the Bronze and Iron Ages from a broader perspective, whichincludes both the use of glass beads and the glass productions sites. I have therefore chosento study glass beads from a long-term perspective, from the introduction of the first glassbeads in Scandinavia during the Early Bronze Age until the Vendel period when the firstglass beads were manufactured in Scandinavia. By studying glass beads from a long-termperspective, we can learn more about the significance of glass beads in society.

Streptomyces, filamentous Gram-positive bacteria are producers of more than 70% of antibiotics used in human therapy and agriculture. They are remarkable because of their complex life cycle (morphological differentiation) which leads to a formation of dormant spores able to survive unfavorable living conditions and allowing long-term survival of the organism. Soil represents their mostly natural living environment. In laboratory conditions they are cultivated in liquid media or on agar. We have developed in our laboratory two phase cultivation system which allows quantitative and reproducible preparation of samples for proteomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of Streptomycetes differentiation. The system is composed of inert micro- beads submerged in liquid medium. We used two types of micro-beads in our studies, glass and zirconia/silica beads. We followed the surface growth and differentiation of Streptomycetes on both types of beads using optical and electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. We observed major growth and higher antibiotic production on glass beads. Another difference we observed was in size and shape of colonies. In further research, using comparative proteomics, we attempted to identify proteins which might be responsible for recognition and adhesion of Streptomycetes to...

Glaspärlor är en viktig del av vikingatidens dräkt. Syftet med denna studie är att få en inblick i hur befolkningen i Fröjel såg på och använde pärlor. Aktörskap som teori används i studien. Undersökningsmaterialet är 100 glaspärlor som kan dateras mellan 900–1000 e.v.t och har hittats i Fröjel, genom Fröjel Discovery Programme. Pärltyperna sorterades med Callmers typologi och har tillsammans med pärlornas fyndplats analyserats och diskuterats. Undersökningsmaterialet har diskuterats utifrån tidigare forskning kring vikingatiden, handelssystem och glaspärlor, som ett material och föremål. Callmers typologi bidrog till att urskilja pärlornas ursprung vilka stämmer med Fröjels handelsvägar. Studien visar, med hjälp av Callmers typologi och rumslig spridning, att pärlorna är av värde och ett resultat av social struktur, handel och val gjorda av både individen och grupper vilket ökar relevansen av aktörskap vad gäller individers val och kläddetaljer. / Glass beads have long been a part of the viking age costume. The purpose of this study is to get an insight to how the population of Fröjel viewed and used the beads. Agency as a theory was used in the study. The research material is 100 glass beads that can be dated between 900-1000 CE, have been found in Fröjel, through Fröjel Discovery Programme. The bead types have been sorted with Callmers typology and along with the location of the finds have been analyzed and discussed. The research material has been discussed based on previous research surrounding the viking age, trade systems and glass beads as a material and item. The origins of the beads which could be distinguished through Callmers typology matches with Fröjels trade networks. The study shows, with the help of Callmer’s typology and the spatial spread of the beads, that the beads are an accessory of value and a result of social structure, such as trade, and choices made by both the individual and groups which heightens the relevance of agency regarding individuals and clothing details.

Buttle Änge and Nygårds has been excavated by Uppsala University, Campus Gotland and also by Högskolan on Gotland since year 2009 and by Gothenburg University year 2009 and 2013. During the 20 excavations that has taken place there has been 112 glass beads found. They were found by the picture stones, in graves, in and around the stone foundation houses. The beads from the picture stones can be interpreted as grave deposits and the ones found in a cremation grave could have been part of a bead necklace combined with a pendant which belonged to a girl aged 0-14. The beads by the stone foundation houses had a larger concentration of beads in its three houses compared to Vallhagar which had the same number of beads found over 20 house foundations. In close connection to the stone foundation houses were glass mosaic fragments found that could have been used to make beads or could have been residuals from the beadmaking process from another place with productions of glass beads. / Buttle Änge och Nygårds har sedan 2009 undersökts genom utgrävningar från Uppsala universitet, Campus Gotland men även med en utgrävning år 2009 av Högskolan på Gotland och av Göteborgsuniversitet år 2009 och 2013. Under de 10 utgrävningar som skett på platsen har det påträffats 112 pärlor av glas. Dessa påträffades vid bildstenar, i gravar, i och runtomkring stengrundshus. Pärlorna vid bildstenarna kan tolkas som gravdepositioner och de i en brandgrav kan ha varit en del av ett pärlgarnityr tillsammans med ett hängsmycke som kan ha tillhört en flicka i åldern 0–14. Pärlorna vid stengrundshusen hade en större koncentration av pärlor i sina tre hus jämfört med Vallhagar som hade lika många påträffade från över 20 hus. I anslutning till stengrundshusen påträffades även fragment av glasmosaik som kan ha använts för att skapa pärlor eller varit tillverkningsspill från en annan hantverksplats för glaspärlor.

The study encompasses the reconstruction of the Iron Age sequence around the Limpopo River floodplain on Basinghall Farm during the second millennium AD. A survey uncovered 75 Iron Age sites, including three Moritsane and ten Toutswe facies sites for the Middle Iron Age and two Early Moloko, 16 Middle Moloko (Letsibogo facies) and 43 Late Moloko grain bin platform sites for the Late Iron Age. The local settlement sequence, which is based primarily on a ceramic analysis of surficial and excavated collections, is corroborated by radiocarbon dates, a glass bead sequence and comparative data from previous studies. The borders of the Toutswe chiefdom are shown to have extended 100 km to the south, while the Eiland sequence is refined to include an Eiland, a Moritsane and a redefined Broadhurst facies. New light is also shed on the local Moloko sequence and its correlation with historical Tswana groups in south-eastern Botswana. / Anthropology & Archaeology / M.A. (Archaeology)