Ma thèse porte sur les chaines de valeurs globales et le commerce international.Les progrès technologiques et la baisse des coûts de communication ont favorisé la fragmentation des processus de production entre différents pays et secteurs et l’expansion des chaines de valeurs globales. Cette nouvelle organisation entraine des modifications majeures au niveau des flux du commerce international et une interdépendance croissante des économies.L’objectif de cette thèse est donc d’étudier l’impact de l’organisation des chaines de valeur globales sur les problématiques du commerce international, que ce soit à l’échelle macroéconomique (avantages comparatifs des pays) ou microéconomique (performance des entreprises).Il s’agit d’une thèse sur travaux, composée de trois chapitres.Le premier chapitre analyse l’organisation d’une chaine de valeur globale à partir des avantages comparatifs. Je montre ainsi que les avantages comparatifs sont différents lorsqu’ils sont mesurés à l’aide de données commerciales en valeur ajoutée par rapport aux données commerciales traditionnelles. Cette nouvelle mesure des avantages comparatifs implique un schéma de spécialisation sectorielle différent dans une chaine de valeur globale. L’identification des facteurs à l’origine des avantages comparatifs dans ce contexte de fragmentation met en évidence le rôle crucial de la qualité institutionnelle, son effet étant plus important que les facteurs traditionnels tels que le travail ou le capital.Les deux derniers chapitres étudient les chaines de valeur globales à travers l’organisation des entreprises dans le secteur aéronautique en France, dans la région Midi-Pyrénées Aquitaine.Le deuxième chapitre évalue l’impact du recours à la sous-traitance sur les performances des entreprises de l’aéronautique, en se basant sur des données d’enquête de l’Insee de 2006 à 2011. J’étudie plus particulièrement l’impact de la localisation de la sous-traitance et je démontre que les entreprises ayant recours à la sous-traitance domestique et internationale affichent, en moyenne, une productivité plus élevée que celles qui ne sous-traitent pas ou sous-traitent uniquement au niveau domestique. L’utilisation de régressions quantiles montre que l’effet est d’autant plus élevé pour les entreprises les moins productives.Enfin, le dernier chapitre étudie l’impact de la crise financière de 2007-2008 sur les entreprises du secteur de l’aéronautique. Je distingue deux types d’entreprises, celles qui produisent des biens différenciés et celles qui produisent des biens standardisés. Les résultats mettent en évidence la plus forte résilience des entreprises produisant des biens standardisés. Cette meilleure résilience s’explique par une plus grande capacité à diversifier leurs marchés en cas de crise, notamment via l’utilisation de logiciels facilitant la sous-traitance et diminuant les coûts de coordination ainsi que leur statut d’exportateur, qui permet d’accéder plus facilement aux marchés internationaux. / My thesis is about global value chains and international trade.Technological progress and lower communication costs have foster the fragmentation of the process of production across countries and sectors and the expansion of global value chains. This new organization led to major changes in international trade flows and a growing interconnectedness of economies.The objective of this thesis is to study the impact of the organization of global value chains on international trade either at the macroeconomic level (countries’ comparative advantages) or microeconomic (firm performances).This thesis is organized on three chapters. The first chapter assesses the impact of global value chains on the comparative advantages of countries based on value added trade data.In this first chapter, I investigate the organization of global value chains based on comparative advantages. I show that comparative advantages are different when computed using value added trade data compared to gross trade data, which leads to a different sectoral specialization in a global value chain. The identification of the determinants of comparative advantages shows the importance of the quality of institutions, its impact is greater than traditional factors like labor or capital.The two last chapters study global value chains through plants in the aircraft industry in France, in the region Midi-Pyrénées Aquitaine.The second chapter provides empirical evidence of the impact of outsourcing and its origin on plant level performance in the aircraft sector based on panel data from 2006 to 2011. Specifically, I study the impact of the localization of outsourcing and show that, in average, plants that outsource their activities both domestically and internationally exhibit a higher productivity level, compared to plants not outsourcing or outsourcing only domestically. Quantile regressions shows that this effect is higher for lower productive plants.The last chapter describes the impact of the 2007-2008 financial crisis on plants on the aircraft sector in France. I identify two types of plants, generic outsourcers, producing standardized goods, and contractual outsourcers, producing customized goods. I show that generic outsourcers were more resilient during the crisis than contractual ones. Digitization, which reduces coordination costs and exporting activities, which permits to diversify their markets, explain part of the resilience of generic outsourcers to the crisis impact.

I takt med att världen genomgår kriser i form av pandemi, ändrade handelsvägar, inflation och naturkatastrofer, förändrar det även förhållanden för textilproduktion. Från att företag flyttat sin produktion mot Asien på grund av låga produktionskostnader, börjar trenden skifta tillbaka till att företag väljer att flytta hem sin produktion. Syftet med studien är att utforska i vilken utsträckning ekodesigndirektivet, och FN:s mål för Agenda 2030 påverkar beslutsprocessen för en eventuell hemflyttning av textilproduktion till Sverige och Europa. En explorativ undersökning har gjorts på tre svenska modeföretag, där två personer per företag har givit sina inställningar och åsikter i semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet visade att det finns en viss medvetenhet hos företagen kring ekodesigndirektivet, och en tydlig medvetenhet om Agenda 2030. I dagsläget påverkar ekodesigndirektivet eller Agenda 2030 beslutsprocessen för en eventuell hemflyttning av produktion till en liten grad, men företagen ser sitt ansvar i att vidareutbilda sig och vara rustade för nya regelverk, i form av att implementera dels CSR-aktiviteter, men även anställning av spetskompetenser. För att kunna flytta hem sin produktion krävs det innovationer i form av teknologi, som Sverige och Europa bör vara beredda att investera i trots det faktum att de flesta länder inom området har höga arbetskraftskostnader. Framtidens råmaterial i form av spillmaterial från gamla textilier, är också en möjlighet för området att generera. Om så är fallet, kan man utgå ifrån Sverige och Europa när man ser till hela värdekedjan, vilket betyder att den kan bli desto mer transparent och spårbar. Uppsatsen är skriven på svenska. / As the world contends with crises such as pandemics, shifting trade routes, inflation, and natural disasters, it also reshapes the landscape of textile production. While companies previously redirected their production towards Asia due to low production costs, the trend is now beginning to shift back as companies opt to relocate their manufacturing back home. An exploratory investigation was conducted with three Swedish fashion companies, where two representatives from each company provided their perspectives and opinions through semi-structured interviews. The results revealed that there is some awareness among companies regarding the Eco-design Directive and a clear understanding of Agenda 2030. Currently, the Eco-design Directive or Agenda 2030 only marginally influences the decision-making process for potential production reshoring. However, companies acknowledge their responsibility to further educate themselves and prepare for new regulations by implementing CSR activities and hiring specialized expertise. To relocate production back home, innovations in technology are required, which Sweden and Europe should be prepared to invest in even though most countries in the region have high labor costs. Future raw materials in the form of waste materials from old textiles also present an opportunity for the region to capitalize on. If so, Sweden and Europe could become the focal point for the entire value chain, making it more transparent and traceable. The paper is written in Swedish.

Este trabalho analisa como ocorre a interação entre Sistemas Locais de Produção (SLPs) e as cadeias produtivas globais, com vistas a identificar quais os impactos para a estrutura produtiva local das diversas formas de inserção das empresas nos mercados. Assim, tanto elementos endógenos aos SLPs, quando elementos exógenos foram analisados. Para se compreender este fenômeno foram identificadas as trajetórias de desenvolvimento (escolhas tecnológicas, de produtos, estratégias de negócio e as estruturas organizacionais) e as capacitações (conhecimentos, habilidades, práticas e rotinas) adquiridas pelas empresas ao longo do tempo, as formas de organização e atuação dos agentes locais e dos agentes não-locais. O levantamento de campo foi realizado com empresas da indústria de móveis de dois SLPs: Bento Gonçalves (RS) e São Bento do Sul (SC). Estas duas localidades foram escolhidas pois além de terem importante participação na produção e exportação de móveis do país, apresentam trajetórias de desenvolvimento diferentes. As empresas localizadas em SLPs que comercializam os produtos a partir de diversos canais de comercialização, apresentam estrutura produtiva bastante heterogênea e as capacitações internas desenvolvidas são diversas. Devido a tal configuração há abertura para atuação dos organismos de apoio que desenvolvem diversos projetos para apoiar o desenvolvimento das capacitações das empresas. Já as empresas localizadas em SLPs cujo canal de colocação dos produtos no mercado é a partir de agentes de exportação, têm estrutura produtiva mais homogênea e as capacitações desenvolvidas são centradas em áreas produtivas. Assim, a abertura para atuação dos organismos locais não existe e as ações que são implementadas são inócuas. Portanto, os agentes não locais influenciam diretamente na competitividade das empresas e nos limites ao desenvolvimento local. / This work focus the interection of Local Productive Systems (LPSs) and global productive chains, in order to identify the impacts to local productive struture from the differents forms of firms market access. Thus, endogenous and exogenous elements from LPSs were analyzed. To understand this phenomenom were analyzed the development path (strategic, products, technologies choices and organization structure) and the capacity (knowledge, abilities, practices and routines) acquired by firms with the time by, and were considerated the organization and action of local and non-local agents. The survey had been done with firms and organisms from furniture industry in two brasilian LPSs: Bento Gonçalves (RS) and São Bento do Sul (SC). Both locations were choseen because they are important to the furniture production and exportation, and they had differents development paths. Firms from LPS that commercialize their products with differents forms, present heterogeneous prodctive struture, and develop a large range of capacities. The supportive organisms develop differents projects to support the firms. Firms form LPS that mainly exports their products through export agents, have homogeneous productive struture and the development of capacities are centered in productive areas. Thus, the organisms do not act with deliberate joint action.Therefore, non local agents influence directaly the competitiveness of firms and limitate local development

Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T14:09:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Laura Ferranty Mac Lennan.pdf: 2358354 bytes, checksum: 3564a399dbcaea30be5186a2f99a7df2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-20 / This work verifies the effects of governance of value chains upgrading of enterprises in the cluster of ornamental Espírito Santo, Brazil. The quantitative methodology was used to achieve the proposed objectives and respond to the research question. More specifically we conducted a survey of 32 companies affiliated to the Centre Rocks, located in the regions of Itapemirim and saws, Holy Spirit. Data were analyzed using parametric and non-parametric statistical techniques, given the type of sample distribution. The results indicate that firms in the cluster are embedded in value chains governance market type, the export performance has no direct relationship with the percentage exported and finally the upgrading of enterprises and their marketing investments impacting on the competitiveness of their sales to the foreign market. / A presente dissertação verifica os efeitos da governança das cadeias de valor no upgrading das empresas do cluster de rochas ornamentais do Espírito Santo, Brasil. A metodologia quantitativa foi utilizada para atingir os objetivos propostos e responder ao problema de pesquisa. Mais especificamente foi conduzida uma survey com 32 empresas filiadas ao Centro Rochas, localizadas nas regiões de Cachoeiro do Itapemirim e Serras, Espírito Santo. Os dados foram analisados com o uso de técnicas estatísticas paramétricas e não paramétricas, dado o tipo de distribuição amostral. Os resultados indicam que as empresas do cluster estão inseridas em cadeias de valor de governança do tipo mercado, o desempenho exportador não apresenta relação direta com os percentuais exportados e finalmente que o upgrading das empresas e seus investimentos em marketing impactam na competitividade de suas vendas para o mercado externo.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-26T18:02:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Andr? Lu?s Funcke.pdf: 2966034 bytes, checksum: bfb24d140c815977a4ccdc39c785b761 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-26T18:02:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Andr? Lu?s Funcke.pdf: 2966034 bytes, checksum: bfb24d140c815977a4ccdc39c785b761 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-07 / The biggest challenge to promote decent work (according to the International Labor Organization) at regions with the production organization influenced by global supply chains is to generate upgrading that benefit both companies and workers. Analyses of global production networks and value chains have focused mainly on companies, without considering the role of work and institutions indirectly linked to the means of production. The most widely used theoretical scope to address the issue of including local producers in global supply chains is the Global Value Chain. Some authors may argue that the GVC is not a theory but an analytical framework, that can be used within different theoretical approaches. However, to evaluate social up/downgrading, it was necessary that the initial analytical framework was complemented by a social network approach, in order to understand the interrelationship between all parts that influence the organization of local production, including issues related to legislation, trade unions and social protection. This research project aims to contribute to the understanding issues applied to the agricultural sector, investigating the relationship between firm economic upgrading and social upgrading regarding rural workers and small farmers, based on the assumption that economic upgrading does not necessarily lead to social upgrading. The study object is the productive organization of the irrigated region Petrolina / Juazeiro, which includes large commercial farms, large, medium and small farmers, multinational businesses and has its production focused on domestic and international markets. It was found that the inclusion of a productive region in global supply chains through value-added activities, obtains through technical capacity and standards aiming the international market, can benefit large and medium producers, but usually leads to exclusion of small farmers with low investment capacity, mainly family holders. On the other hand, the achievement of economic upgrading does not immediately imply in social upgrading to rural workers and small farmers, nor is guaranteed by the influence of the leading firms at the global supply chain. Obtaining social upgrading it is strongly related to the existence of an institutional and legal framework, that ensures voice and bargaining power by workers. This arrangement is highly influenced by the presence of a public administration with a focus on the pursuit of social equity and by de convergence of domestic and international markets. / O maior desafio para promover condi??es decentes de trabalho (segundo a organiza??o Mundial do Trabalho) associados a cadeias de produ??o integradas com mercados globais ? gerar ganhos que beneficiem tanto empresas quanto trabalhadores. As an?lises de redes de produ??o global e cadeias de valores t?m focado principalmente em empresas, sem considerar o papel do trabalho e de institui??es indiretamente ligadas ao meio de produ??o. O escopo te?rico mais utilizado para tratar a quest?o de inser??o de produtores em cadeias de suprimento globalizadas ? o Global Value Chain, que, recentemente, sofreu uma amplia??o para dar conta n?o apenas de quest?es econ?micas, mas tamb?m de quest?es sociais. Alguns autores argumentam que o GVC n?o ? um referencial te?rico e sim uma abordagem anal?tica que pode ser usada dentro de diversos enfoques te?ricos. No entanto, para dar conta da avalia??o de ganhos/perdas sociais foi necess?rio que o referencial anal?tico inicial fosse complementado por uma abordagem de rede social de forma a perceber o inter-relacionamento entre todos os atores que influenciam na organiza??o da produ??o local, incluindo quest?es relacionadas ? legisla??o, sindicalismo e prote??o social. Este projeto de pesquisa visa contribuir para a compreens?o de um quadro anal?tico aplicado ao setor agr?cola, que possa investigar o relacionamento entre as melhorias econ?micas obtidas por empresas e melhorias sociais dos trabalhadores rurais e pequenos produtores, partindo da suposi??o de que melhorias econ?micas n?o necessariamente levam a melhorias sociais. O objeto de estudo ser? a organiza??o produtiva da fruticultura no Brasil, atrav?s de pesquisas de campo conduzidas nos per?metros irrigados de Petrolina/Juazeiro, que comporta grandes fazendas comerciais, grandes, m?dios e pequenos produtores rurais, multinacionais e que tem sua produ??o voltada tanto aos mercados dom?sticos como internacionais. Verificou-se que a inser??o de uma regi?o produtiva em cadeias de produ??o globais atrav?s atividades de agrega??o de valor ? produ??o por interm?dio de melhorias t?cnicas e adequa??o da produ??o ao mercado internacional, pode trazer benef?cios para grandes e m?dio produtores, mas geralmente funciona como mecanismo de exclus?o de pequenos agricultores com baixa capacidade de investimento, principalmente os familiares. A converg?ncia entre as din?micas do mercado dom?stico e do mercado internacional ? fundamental para ampliar os ganhos econ?micos e sociais dos atores que comp?es a organiza??o da produ??o. Por outro lado, a consecu??o de ganhos econ?micos em ganhos sociais para trabalhadores rurais e agricultores familiares n?o ? imediata, nem garantida pela influ?ncia dos atores l?deres na coordena??o da cadeia produtiva. A obten??o de ganhos sociais est? fortemente vinculada ? exist?ncia de um arcabou?o institucional e legal, que garanta voz e poder de negocia??o por parte dos trabalhadores e foi altamente influenciada pela presen?a de uma gest?o p?blica com enfoque na busca da equidade social.

Submitted by EDUARDO JUNQUEIRA (el.junqueira@gmail.com) on 2017-03-16T19:43:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoEduardoJunqueira.pdf: 5067579 bytes, checksum: 2f2d79aa0d4477ddd1f2d990cee8ff01 (MD5) / Rejected by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br), reason: Eduardo, Por gentileza, somente retirar a página em branco que consta antes da ficha catalográfica. Aguardo. on 2017-03-16T22:27:48Z (GMT) / Submitted by EDUARDO JUNQUEIRA (el.junqueira@gmail.com) on 2017-03-17T13:42:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoEduardoJunqueira.pdf: 5067030 bytes, checksum: 86cc2c5bf2a22e77b87b962f8b24b260 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2017-03-17T15:26:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoEduardoJunqueira.pdf: 5067030 bytes, checksum: 86cc2c5bf2a22e77b87b962f8b24b260 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-17T15:44:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoEduardoJunqueira.pdf: 5067030 bytes, checksum: 86cc2c5bf2a22e77b87b962f8b24b260 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-14 / This paper aims to understand the economic effect for Brazil and its ability to join Global Value Chains (GVC) when implementing the actions proposed in the Bali package, which intend to increase port efficiency (Trade Facilitations Agreement – TFA). Using a Computable General Equilibrium Model (CGE model from GTAP), it was estimated that the actions would bring economic benefits worldwide, including to Brazil. In addition, the agreement would increase the competitiveness across the globe, which in turn would result in a rise of economic integration of regions in GVC, measured by the vertical specialization metric VS and VS1. The major effects to Brazil would come from VS1 metric, mainly because of the increase of manufacturing activities which focus on primary factors such as skilled labor and capital. / Este estudo pretende entender os efeitos que a implementação das ações propostas no acordo de facilitação do comércio de Bali produziriam no desenvolvimento econômico do Brasil e na sua inserção em cadeias globais de valor. Utilizando um modelo de equilíbrio geral computável, foi simulado a implementação do acordo e conclui-se que o mesmo traria benefícios econômicos para todas as regiões estudadas, incluindo o Brasil. Ao mesmo tempo, o acordo aumentaria a competividade global entre as regiões, produzindo uma maior integração econômica mensurada por meio do aumento das métricas de especialização vertical VS e VS1. Os maiores efeitos ao Brasil ocorrem pelo aumento da métrica VS1, direcionados pelo setor de manufatura com foco em trabalho especializado e capital.

Este trabalho analisa como ocorre a interação entre Sistemas Locais de Produção (SLPs) e as cadeias produtivas globais, com vistas a identificar quais os impactos para a estrutura produtiva local das diversas formas de inserção das empresas nos mercados. Assim, tanto elementos endógenos aos SLPs, quando elementos exógenos foram analisados. Para se compreender este fenômeno foram identificadas as trajetórias de desenvolvimento (escolhas tecnológicas, de produtos, estratégias de negócio e as estruturas organizacionais) e as capacitações (conhecimentos, habilidades, práticas e rotinas) adquiridas pelas empresas ao longo do tempo, as formas de organização e atuação dos agentes locais e dos agentes não-locais. O levantamento de campo foi realizado com empresas da indústria de móveis de dois SLPs: Bento Gonçalves (RS) e São Bento do Sul (SC). Estas duas localidades foram escolhidas pois além de terem importante participação na produção e exportação de móveis do país, apresentam trajetórias de desenvolvimento diferentes. As empresas localizadas em SLPs que comercializam os produtos a partir de diversos canais de comercialização, apresentam estrutura produtiva bastante heterogênea e as capacitações internas desenvolvidas são diversas. Devido a tal configuração há abertura para atuação dos organismos de apoio que desenvolvem diversos projetos para apoiar o desenvolvimento das capacitações das empresas. Já as empresas localizadas em SLPs cujo canal de colocação dos produtos no mercado é a partir de agentes de exportação, têm estrutura produtiva mais homogênea e as capacitações desenvolvidas são centradas em áreas produtivas. Assim, a abertura para atuação dos organismos locais não existe e as ações que são implementadas são inócuas. Portanto, os agentes não locais influenciam diretamente na competitividade das empresas e nos limites ao desenvolvimento local. / This work focus the interection of Local Productive Systems (LPSs) and global productive chains, in order to identify the impacts to local productive struture from the differents forms of firms market access. Thus, endogenous and exogenous elements from LPSs were analyzed. To understand this phenomenom were analyzed the development path (strategic, products, technologies choices and organization structure) and the capacity (knowledge, abilities, practices and routines) acquired by firms with the time by, and were considerated the organization and action of local and non-local agents. The survey had been done with firms and organisms from furniture industry in two brasilian LPSs: Bento Gonçalves (RS) and São Bento do Sul (SC). Both locations were choseen because they are important to the furniture production and exportation, and they had differents development paths. Firms from LPS that commercialize their products with differents forms, present heterogeneous prodctive struture, and develop a large range of capacities. The supportive organisms develop differents projects to support the firms. Firms form LPS that mainly exports their products through export agents, have homogeneous productive struture and the development of capacities are centered in productive areas. Thus, the organisms do not act with deliberate joint action.Therefore, non local agents influence directaly the competitiveness of firms and limitate local development

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jonathan Dias Ferreira.pdf: 1953411 bytes, checksum: f47bce6a45f9ee9c5834ce19f0c1b8cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this study was to analyze the factors that affected the status of Brazilian industry in the international market, specifically the exchange, industrial policies and the situation of Brazil at the global value chain, with application of Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (IVCR) to exports of Brazilian industry in the world, from the 2000s can be seen that occurs in Brazil de-industrialization as loss of participation of the industrial sector in the Brazilian GDP. The rapid trade and financial liberalization in the 90s, combined there is an overvalued exchange rate policy in the 2000s, as a result of Dutch disease phenomenon in Brazil, may be adversely affecting the industry. Even if Lula and Dilma governments have established industrial policies to promote the sector and even if it was valid, but it was not enough in the face of an unfavorable macroeconomic environment, mainly due to the appreciated exchange rate and high interest rates that inhibit the necessary investments to the growth of industry. As a result, the country now focus its production and exports in natural resources and to participate in the global value chain as one of the leading countries in providing raw materials. As a result, the Brazilian industry lost share in Brazilian exports and the industrial sector showed low dynamism both external and internal, since there was a growing import of industrial products. / O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os fatores que afetaram a inserção da indústria brasileira no mercado internacional, mais especificamente o câmbio, políticas industriais e a situação do Brasil perante a cadeia global de valor, com aplicação do Índice de Vantagem Comparativa Revelada (IVCR) para as exportações da indústria brasileira em relação à mundial, a partir dos anos 2000. Pode-se constatar que ocorre no Brasil uma desindustrialização como perda de participação do setor industrial no PIB brasileiro. A liberalização comercial e financeira abrupta nos anos 90, combinado a uma política cambial sobrevalorizada nos anos 2000, em decorrência do fenômeno Dutch disease no Brasil, podem estar afetando negativamente o setor industrial. Mesmo que os governos Lula e Dilma, tenham criado políticas industriais para fomentar o setor e mesmo que tenha sido válida, contudo não foi suficiente, diante de um ambiente macroeconômico desfavorável, principalmente em função do câmbio apreciado e de juros altos que inibem os investimentos necessários para o crescimento da indústria. Em função disso, o país passou a direcionar sua produção e exportações em recursos naturais e a participar na cadeia global de valor como um dos principais países no fornecimento de matérias primas. Em decorrência disso, a indústria brasileira perdeu participação nas exportações brasileiras e o setor industrial apresentou baixo dinamismo tanto externo quanto interno, uma vez que houve uma crescente importação de produtos industriais.

The paper reviewed the existing methodological approaches to the assessment of the export business of industrial regions of Russia. On their basis, we proposed the author's methodology for researching the working-out and development of the region's commodity export strategy, which consists in a comparative analysis of the potential of the industrial regions of Russia in the system of indicators, on exports of different countries and the Sverdlovsk region, on the commodity structure of regional exports; in the context analysis of the concepts and strategies of foreign economic activity of the regions; in determining the orientation of foreign economic relations of the Sverdlovsk region; in determining the level of internationalization of the largest exporters of Sverdlovsk region and their integration into the World Economic System; in the calculation of deferred dividends. The result of this methodology is the development of analysis findings and direction to increase the attractiveness of territories and increase exports, the national share in the global value chains, incl. mechanisms, methods, ways, etc. Next, we conducted an approbation of the proposed author's methodology, based on it, developed a new strategy for the development of exports of goods in the Sverdlovsk region and showed that the existing export development strategy for Sverdlovsk region's products implies an increase in exports in the standard way, that is, through the search for new markets, increase production of intermediate goods, the creation of a single commodity by different enterprises and the maintenance of relations with already existing trading and strategic partners. The new model of the strategy is based on combining of the maximum efforts of enterprises to create a large finished product and the output with this product in a new economic space, as well as an increase in the output of goods with high added value. In addition, it is proposed to conclude not only a classical contract of sale, but also a profit sharing agreement. In other words, our strategy is based on the geo-economic approach, which implies the creation of long internationalized investment-reproduction cycles. The new approach should not just increase exports, create new finished goods, but also increase the competitiveness and investment attractiveness of the region. / В работе были рассмотрены существующие методические подходы к оценке экспортной деятельности индустриальных регионов России. На их основании мы предложили авторскую методику исследования развития и разработки стратегии товарного экспорта регионов, которая заключается в сравнительном анализе потенциала индустриальных регионов России по системе показателей, по экспорту разных стран и СО, по товарной структуре экспорта регионов; в контен-анализе концепций и стратегий внешнеэкономической деятельности регионов; в определении ориентированности внешнеэкономических связей Свердловской области; в определении уровня интернационализации курпнейших экспортеров СО и их интеграции в МЭС; в расчете отложенных дивидендов. Итогом такой методики является разработка выводов анализа и направления для повышения привлекательности территорий и увеличение объемов экспорта, национальной доли в ГЦДС, в т.ч. механизмы, методы, способы и т.д. Далее мы провели апробацию предложенной авторской методики, на ее основании разработали новую стратегию развития экспорта товаров Свердловской области и показали , что существующая стратегия развития экспорта товаров Свердловской области подразумевает увеличение объемов экспорта стандартным путем, то есть через поиск новых рынков сбыта, увеличение производства промежуточных товаров, создание единичного товара разными предприятиями и поддержание отношений с уже существующими торговыми и стратегическими партнерами. Новая же модель стратегии основана на объединении максимальных усилий предприятий для создания крупного готового продукта и выход с этим продуктом в новое экономическое пространство, а также увеличение выпуска товара с высокой добавленной стоимостью. Кроме того, предлагается заключать не только классический договор купли-продажи, но и договор участия в прибылях. Другими словами наша стратегия основана на геоэкономическом подходе, который подразумевает создание длинных интернационализированных инвестиционно-воспроизводственных циклов. Новый подход должен не просто увеличить объемы экспорта, создать новыt готовые товары, но также повысить конкурентоспособность и инвестиционную привлекательность региона.

This thesis explores the opportunities, challenges, and initiatives for coffee tourism in the context of Ethiopia. My research addresses five themes to achieve its research aims, which are as follows: arriving at prospective coffee tourism frameworks; addressing the reasons behind the underdevelopment of coffee tourism in Ethiopia; highlighting coffee tourism’s opportunities and challenges in Ethiopia; identifying potential coffee tourists, and; initiating coffee tourism through local collaborations. The core research methodologies are: fieldwork in Ethiopia involving a series of interviews with key stakeholders and a detailed case study of one potential coffee tourism region; digital ethnography, and; knowledge transfer activities enabled by several conceptual approaches such as development in Africa, power relations, reformed orientalism, situated knowledge, self-other, emotional geographies, and participatory geographies. Through this research, I found that coffee tourism cannot simply be a combination of coffee and tourism; coffee tourism needs to be understood through various contexts in addition to that of tourism; coffee tourism can be a more practical tourism form and a new coffee marketing vehicle in Ethiopia, and; coffee tourism potentially brings more advantages to the coffee industry in coffee bean exporting countries with current sustainable coffee initiatives such as fair trade or other coffee certification projects. Coffee tourism is not widely discussed in academia, and I argue that this research addresses several gaps in the literature: suggestions for coffee tourism frameworks, coffee tourism research in the context of Ethiopia, coffee tourism research beyond simple analysis in terms of the tourism or coffee industries, and a new illumination on Ethiopian culture, tourism, and coffee culture. Raising the topic of South Korea’s impact in Ethiopia as well as the East Asian role in coffee tourism is also an important contribution to academia. During my PhD tenure, I found a potential global partnership between coffee bean exporting countries and coffee bean importing countries through coffee. Ethiopia is an ideal place for coffee tourism, and it is my hope that coffee tourism could present an approach that brings to light Ethiopia's cultural wealth.