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1	Autocatalytic electroless gold deposition at low pH Sullivan, Anne M. 08 1900 (has links) No description available. Electroless plating Reduction (Chemistry) Gold-plating Catalysis
2	Gold plating vid implementering av EU-direktiv : Nationellt överskridande av miniminivån vid implementering av minimiharmoniseringsdirektiv i ljuset av det svenska genomförandet av IDD / The use of gold plating when implementing EU directives : National exceedance of the minimum level when implementing directives with aim to achieving minimum harmonization in view of the Swedish implementation of IDD Mellbye, Hanne January 2019 (has links) När en medlemsstats genomförande av ett EU-direktiv innebär tillförsel av ytterligare bestämmelser vilka medför en förhöjd skyddsnivå i förhållande till direktivet, innebär det utförande av gold plating. Eftersom förfarandet leder till särreglering i förhållande till andra medlemsstater uppstår därmed en konflikt med EU:s harmoniseringsambitioner på den inre marknaden. Det saknas emellertid en allmängiltig definition av gold plating; kommissionens definition är exempelvis snävare än hur definitionen görs gällande i andra fall. Uppsatsen har till syfte att besvara hur gold plating bör definieras och för att ge ytterligare förståelse för begreppet undersöks det svenska genomförandet av IDD, vilket innebar strängare nationella krav i förhållande till direktivet på ett antal områden. IDD beskrivs som ett minimiharmoniseringsdirektiv, men är utformat enligt en lagstiftningsmodell som förutsätter ett enhetligt lagstiftningsgenomförande i medlemsstaterna. IDD kan även relateras till ett flertal rättsområden inom vilka fullharmonisering råder, exempelvis finansmarknadsområdet och direktivet MiFID II. I uppsatsens analys framförs ett ställningstagande om att en definition av gold plating bör tydliggöra åtskillnad mellan å ena sidan ett utvidgat tillämpningsområde, å andra sidan tillförsel av materiella krav, eftersom de olika förfarandena innebär olika juridiska problem. Det framhålls dessutom att en bred och deskriptiv definition av gold plating kan vara användbar vid identifiering av direktivs miniminivå. Analysen innebär vidare några kommentarer avseende IDD:s harmoniseringsgrad och en övergripande kategorisering av de avvikelser från miniminivån som har identifierats i genomförandet av direktivet. Därtill framhålls att ett nationellt införande av en norm eller princip som innebär att minimikraven ska vara vägledande vid genomförande av minimiharmoniseringsdirektiv kan strida mot direktivet i det enskilda fallet. Med tanke på EU:s höga regleringsaktivitet och det faktum att medlemsstaternas lagstiftningsmakt har fått ta ett steg tillbaka, kan gold plating mer eller mindre vara en förutsättning för åtgärdade av nationella reformbehov. För att säkerställa att gold plating utförs i enlighet med direktivet och EU-rätten i övrigt, krävs ett tidigare nationellt engagemang och deltagande i den EU-rättsliga beslutsprocessen. gold plating direktivimplementering minimiharmonisering IDD försäkringsdistribution Law Juridik
3	Material Wear in Multilayered Separable Electrical Contacts: Modeling and Experimentation Wang, Yuanyuan January 2015 (has links) In electrical contacts, thin films of nickel and gold or silver are traditionally plated on top of a copper base plate to provide corrosion resistance and wear protection. Most recently, the rising cost of noble metals and intensified competition in manufacturing technology has driven the industry towards thinner plating layers, which gives rise to questions regarding how interfacial contact and wear is affected by plating thickness and material characteristics. This study uses a combination of finite element analysis and ex-situ wear measurement to determine the effect of gold plating thickness on wear performance under linear reciprocating sliding contact. Correlations between predicted and measured results lead to insight into the stress state within the multi-layer system under contact conditions as well as a wear map for gold platings that can be used to inform future connector designs. The middle layer material, Ni, is relatedly inexpensive, but takes a relatively long time to deposit. Because this deposition time has a direct influence on the cost of manufacturing, it is important to reduce the Ni thickness as well. This project thus determines how different combinations of Ni and Au properties influence wear and subsurface layer exposure, which is critical for determining the makeup of future, low-cost, connector designs. Gold-plating Nickel-plating Corrosion resistant materials Mechanical wear Mechanical engineering
4	An Investigation in Gold-Plating Scaled Turbofan Engine Simulators through Means of Aerodynamic and Load Cell Thrust Measurements with Comparisons to Full-Scale Engine Results Allenstein, Jacob T. January 2013 (has links) No description available. Aerospace Engineering model testing engine simulator aerodynamics simulator thrust gold-plating
5	De grundläggande rättsprinciperna vid direktupphandling : HFD 2018 ref. 60 och EU-rätten / The General Principles of Swedish Direct Awards : HFD 2018 ref. 60 and EU Law Lignell, Elias January 2022 (has links) This thesis examines the general principles in European Union (EU) public procurement law, as they apply to Swedish direct awards of low value, outside the scope of the EU procurement directives. A combination of Swedish and EU legal methodology is used to investigate two overarching themes. Firstly, the two different legal bases of the general principles, in the light of the Court of Justice of the EU’s definition of cross-border interest, as well as the Swedish implementation. Secondly, the central substantive consequences imposed by the principles on direct awards. The only national precedent on the subject, HFD 2018 ref. 60 of the Supreme Administrative Court, is both utilised and criticised against the backdrop of EU law to paint a picture of the principles’ inner workings in a direct award context. Pertaining to the first theme, an analysis of the applicability of EU primary law on direct awards is undertaken in order to distinguish the legal bases of the principles. If a contract is of certain cross-border interest, the general principles flow directly from EU law. In the absence of such an interest, the principles are exclusively based in Swedish law, which nationally extends the EU principles to all procurement (gold-plating). Overall, contracts valued below a quarter of the applicable EU directive threshold usually lack certain cross-border interest, unless there are concrete indications of the opposite. As a result, most direct awards fall outside the scope of EU law. An awareness of the legal bases of the principles is relevant to avoid breaches of EU primary law. It is argued that the Swedish gold-plated implementation of the general principles causes unnecessary uncertainty, and that separate national principles should be introduced outside the scope of EU primary law. As for the second theme, a thorough analysis concludes that the principles do not prohibit direct awards given without any exposure to competition, as long as the contracts are of low enough value. Direct awards can therefore be conducted through direct contact with a single supplier, in accordance with the legislative aims of the procedure. This may not be the case for social and other specific services of relatively high value. Nonetheless, the principles still affect direct awards, for instance in prohibiting flagrant cases of differential treatment without objective justification, based in arbitrary or corrupt decision-making. Unfortunately, these requirements are able to be circumvented due to the wide discretion given to procuring entities. On the other hand, if a direct award procedure is voluntarily advertised, the principles have greater practical significance. Still, the requirements in such cases are more lenient than in ordinary procurement procedures. public procurement government procurement direct award Sweden general principles legal principles EU law primary law CJEU ECJ certain cross-border interest threshold gold plating procedure competition low value contract offentlig upphandling upphandlingsrätt LOU LUF direktupphandling grundläggande rättsprinciper grundläggande principer allmänna principer upphandlingsrättsliga principer principer för direktupphandling upphandlingsprinciperna HFD 2018 ref. 60 EU-rätt primärrätt överskjutande implementering bestämt gränsöverskridande intresse kravet på insyn likabehandlingsprincipen icke-diskriminering proportionalitetsprincipen öppenhetsprincipen konkurrensprincipen olikbehandling likabehandling nationella principer frivillig annonsering direkttilldelning icke-direktivstyrd direktupphandlingsgräns tröskelvärde lågt värde anbudsinfordran konkurrensutsättning icke-konkurrensutsatt 19 a kap 19 a kap. 8 § rättsmedel överprövning obligatoriska krav sammanblandning EUF-fördraget FEUF EU-domstolen EU-rättslig metod rättsdogmatisk metod effet utile teleologisk tolkning affärsmässighet handlingsfrihet rättssäkerhet korruption Law Juridik Law (excluding Law and Society)

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