Thesis (doctoral)--Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [173]-180).

Thesis (doctoral)--Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [173]-180).

Revision of the author's Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1988. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-140).

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Una variable lingüística de Hispanoamérica: Cómo incorporar el voseo al español de nuestros estudiantes En esta investigación se hará una descripción histórica y lingüística del voseo. La metodología de este estudio consta primero de un breve análisis bibliográfico de estudios anteriores sobre la historia del español hasta llegar al fenómeno del voseo y los factores que afectaron su evolución y distribución en Hispanoamérica. La segunda parte consiste en un análisis sociolingüístico de un cuestionario para alumnos de español intermedio con el fin de investigar si los estudiantes conocen o no el vos. La tercera parte es una discusión de las preguntas que este trabajo intenta responder enfocándose en la importancia y valoración que el voseo puede tener en nuestras aulas.

Orientador: Ruth Elisabeth Vasconcellos Lopes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T05:22:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arvigo_MariaClaudia_M.pdf: 2310306 bytes, checksum: bb233c9ad0e9205ce7d4d95f43360732 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Crianças acometidas pelo Déficit Específico de Linguagem (DEL) apresentam dificuldades na composição da estrutura gramatical de sua língua. Uma das dificuldades mais documentadas refere-se à morfologia de tempo, sendo que esta categoria funcional pode ser omitida assistematicamente ou substituída de forma irregular. Tempo e Aspecto encontram-se relacionados intrinsecamente, impossibilitando o estudo do primeiro sem a observação do segundo. Estudos anteriores referem que crianças com DEL apresentam bom reconhecimento de temporalidade (passado, presente e futuro), mas encontram relativa dificuldade em compreender a relação entre eventos completos/ incompletos e o passado progressivo (aspecto gramatical imperfectivo). Este comportamento seria resultado de uma baixa sensibilidade às propriedades aspectuais, evidenciada pela pouca ou nenhuma variação do desempenho com relação ao aspecto lexical. Tais resultados referem-se a pesquisas com crianças anglófonas, já o presente estudo buscou verificar se o mesmo ocorre em crianças com DEL adquirindo o português brasileiro. Resultados encontrados demonstram que os indivíduos participantes apresentam variações em seu comportamento que podem ser atribuídas à presença do aspecto lexical, enfraquecendo a hipótese da insensibilidade aspectual, ao menos no que se refere ao português brasileiro. Outra questão abordada foi a distinção entre evento e não-evento por meio de pares de figuras representando um evento e um objeto tanto com verbos e nomes existentes na língua como com palavras novas ou pseudopalavras. O que se viu foi o melhor desempenho com verbos, demonstrando sensibilidade às pistas morfológicas ao menos com palavras pertencentes ao léxico / Abstract: Children affected by the Specific Language Impairment (SLI) have difficulties with the composition of the grammatical structure of their language. One of the most documented difficulties concerns the tense morphology, a functional category that can be unsystematically omitted or irregularly replaced. Tense and Aspect are intrinsically linked, making it impossible to study the first without observing the latter. According to previous researches, children with SLI show good recognition of temporality (past, present and future), but find relative difficulty in understanding the relationship between complete/ incomplete events and past progressive (imperfective grammatical aspect). This behavior would be the result of a low sensitivity to the aspectual proprieties, evidenced by little or no change in performance with regards to lexical aspect. These results have been seen in other researches with English-speaking children, and this study sought to verify whether the same occurs in children with SLI acquiring Brazilian Portuguese. Results have shown that individuals vary in their behavior, which can be attributed to the presence of lexical aspect, weakening the hypothesis of aspectual insensitivity, at least in relation to Brazilian Portuguese. Another issue discussed was the distinction between event and nonevent by means of pairs of figures representing an event and an object with both real verbs and real nouns as with new verbs and nouns or pseudo-words. What we saw was that the best performance happened with verbs, demonstrating sensitivity to morphological clues at least with words belonging to the lexicon / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestre em Linguística

Orientador: Lucy Seki / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T08:50:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_AntoniaAlves_D.pdf: 1878111 bytes, checksum: e27694a7bee34a2eea7f6a09902ec93b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Esta tese é um estudo da morfossintaxe da língua Asuriní do Xingu (família Tupi- Guaraní), falada pelos asuriní que residem no Posto Indígena Kwatinemu, no município de Altamira, estado do Pará. A análise pretendeu dar uma visão geral da língua e apresentar aspectos socioculturais de seu povo. Dessa forma, além da morfologia e da sintaxe, partes centrais da tese, procuramos também apresentar a fonologia no nível segmental, pois essa parte era essencial para a continuidade do estudo da língua nos níveis morfológicos e sintáticos. Em conformidade com nossos objetivos, a tese encontra-se dividida em seis capítulos. O capítulo 1 trata de aspectos históricos e socioculturais do grupo, o 2 trata da fonologia no nível segmental, o capítulo 3 discute as classes de palavras da língua, apresentando os critérios para a sua divisão. O capítulo 4 trata de fenômenos relacionados a subconstituintes da oração, nele são discutidos aspectos como a marcação de caso na língua, a oposição nome /verbo x argumento/ predicado, além disso, é mostrada a estrutura dos sintagmas nominal e verbal da língua. O capítulo 5 trata das orações independentes e de como é feita sua classificação. E o capítulo 6 trata das sentenças complexas, que compreendem as coordenadas e as subordinadas. / Abstract: This thesis is a study of the morphosyntax of the Asuriní of Xingu language (Tupi-Guarani family), spoken by the Asuriní who reside at the Posto Indígena Kwatinemu in the municipality of Altamira, Pará State, Brazil. Chapter 1 summarizes the historical and sociological background of the group. Chapter 2 presents the segmental phonology of the language. Chapter 3 discusses word classes and gives criteria for class division. Chapter 4 deals with phenomena related to sentence constituents, including case marking, the noun/verb vs. argument/predicate opposition, and the structure of noun and verb phrases. Chapter 5 deals with independent clauses and their classification. Chapter 6 describes coordination and subordination in complex sentences. Complex sentences are classified into sub-types, and their morphological and syntactic structure is described. / Doutorado / Linguas Indigenas / Doutor em Linguística

Orientador: Wilmar da Rocha D'Angelis / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T03:04:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Goncalves_SolangeAparecida_D.pdf: 1311084 bytes, checksum: 1fd2551f7b41fadf2a0f101164da9141 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Neste trabalho busco descrever o funcionamento das categorias temporais, aspectuais, de modo e de modalidade na língua Kaingang Sul (Jê) principalmente a partir de observações de seu emprego em contextos discursivos orais e escritos. Tais categorias são, em sua maioria, gramaticalizadas e abertamente marcadas quando relevantes para o contexto linguístico. Para minha proposição, dividi a tese em 6 capítulos e uma conclusão. No capítulo 1 discorro brevemente sobre a motivação do trabalho e faço algumas observações introdutórias que ajudarão na leitura do restante do texto. Informações sobre quem são os Kaingang também podem ser encontradas. Um sub-item aborda questões de metodologia e trabalho de campo. O capítulo traz ainda uma síntese de informações sobre a língua que tornará mais fácil a leitura e a compreensão dos dados ao longo da tese. O capítulo 2 trata da perspectiva temporal no Kaingang Sul. No capítulo 3 apresento a questão de Aspectualidade, mostrando que há distinção entre as perspectivas Perfectiva e Imperfectiva na língua. O capítulo 4 traz considerações sobre operadores de Modo e de Modalidade. Em um 5º capítulo estão sendo mostrados os diferentes usos ou papéis que os verbos de 'posição' (ou Posicionais) podem exercer na língua Kaingang. Também se poderá observar que há marcadores que aparecem principalmente em narrativas e estarão no capítulo 6 (que faz referência às relações discursivas), onde além de mostrar alguns dos operadores discursivos, também faço uma apresentação e discussão sobre estratégias de evidencialidade utilizadas em diferentes contextos / Abstract: In this work I try describe the functioning of temporal, aspectual, of mood and modality categories in Southern Kaingang (Ge) mainly from observation of its use in oral and written discursive contexts. These categories are mostly grammaticalized and openly marked as relevant to the linguistic context. For my proposition, I divided this thesis in six chapters, and a conclusion. In Chapter 1, I briefly discuss the motivation of this research, and make some introductory remarks that will help in reading the further chapters. Information about who are the Kaingang can also be found. Another item deals with issues of methodology and field work. The chapter also contains summary information about the language that will make easier reading and understand the data along the thesis. The Chapter 2 deals with the Time perspective in Southern Kaingang. In Chapter 3, I present the question of aspectuality, showing that there is distinction between Perfective and Imperfect perspectives in the language. Chapter 4 presents considerations for operators of mood and modality. In 5th chapter are shown the different uses or roles that the Positional Verbs can play in Kaingang language. There are markers that appear primarily in narratives; and they are in Chapter 6 (which refers to the discursive relations), and also are showed some discursive operators. This last chapter brings a presentation and discussion about strategies of evidentiality used in different contexts / Doutorado / Linguistica / Doutor em Linguística

Wong, Hin Yee. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 179-202). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements / List of Abbreviations / List of Tables / Abstract / Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Bilingual first language acquisition --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Cross-linguistic Influence --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Definition --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Cross-linguistic influence in bilingual development --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Structural overlap --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4 --- Language dominance --- p.14 / Chapter 1.5 --- Language Input --- p.17 / Chapter 1.6 --- Individual variation --- p.18 / Chapter 1.7 --- English VPC and Cantonese DVC --- p.20 / Chapter 1.8 --- Organization of the thesis --- p.24 / Chapter Chapter Two --- The structure of English VPC and Cantonese DVC / Chapter 2.1 --- English VPCs --- p.28 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Semantic classes of English VPCs --- p.28 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- The Structure of English VPCs --- p.32 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Linear order of VPCs --- p.38 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- "Differentiating verb particles, prepositions and adverbs" --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2 --- Cantonese DVCs --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Cantonese directional verbs --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Cantonese simple DVCs --- p.50 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Cantonese complex DVCs --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Structure of Cantonese DVC --- p.52 / Chapter 2.2.4.1 --- Simple DVCs vs Complex DVCs --- p.52 / Chapter 2.2.4.2 --- Insertion of dak1 and m4 --- p.56 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Aspectual meanings in directional complements --- p.58 / Chapter 2.3 --- Typological Differences between English VPCs and Cantonese DVCs --- p.59 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Talmy (2000)'s classification of languages --- p.59 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- English VPCs vs Cantonese DVCs --- p.62 / Chapter 2.4 --- Summary --- p.65 / Chapter Chapter Three --- The acquisition of English VPCs in monolingual and bilingual children / Chapter 3.1 --- "Snyder (1995, 2001) The Compounding Parameter on acquisition of VPC s" --- p.69 / Chapter 3.2 --- Sawyer (2001)'s study of acquisition of English VPCs in monolingual children --- p.72 / Chapter 3.3 --- Diessel and Tomasello (2005)'s study on acquisition of VPCs --- p.76 / Chapter 3.4 --- Yip and Matthews (2007)'s study on acquisition of VPC in bilingual children --- p.78 / Chapter 3.5 --- Summary --- p.82 / Chapter Chapter Four --- Hypotheses and Methodology / Chapter 4.1 --- Acquisition of English VPCs --- p.83 / Chapter 4.2 --- Acquisition of Cantonese DVCs --- p.86 / Chapter 4.3 --- Language dominance --- p.87 / Chapter 4.4 --- Parental input --- p.88 / Chapter 4.5 --- Multifactorial analysis of the choice of VPC order --- p.89 / Chapter 4.6 --- Methodology --- p.89 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- Subjects --- p.90 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- The bilingual data --- p.92 / Chapter 4.6.3 --- Analysis --- p.93 / Chapter 4.7 --- Summary --- p.100 / Chapter Chapter Five --- The Acquisition of English Verb-Particle Constructions / Chapter 5.1 --- Distribution of English VPCs --- p.101 / Chapter 5.2 --- Transitive VPCs with a null object --- p.103 / Chapter 5.3 --- Split/non-split order of VPCs --- p.106 / Chapter 5.4 --- Type of VPCs in split/non-split order --- p.111 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Spatial VPCs vs Non-spatial VPCs --- p.111 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- English VPCs containing particles in and out and their word order --- p.115 / Chapter 5.5 --- Frequency of particles in VPC --- p.116 / Chapter 5.6 --- Statistical analysis --- p.121 / Chapter 5.6.1 --- Monofactorial analysis among Cantonese-dominant bilingual children --- p.123 / Chapter 5.6.2 --- Monofactorial analysis among non-Cantonese-dominant bilingual children --- p.125 / Chapter 5.7 --- Input analysis --- p.127 / Chapter 5.8 --- Non-target forms --- p.128 / Chapter 5.8.1 --- Non-split VPCs with personal pronoun as direct object --- p.129 / Chapter 5.8.2 --- The combination of the verb and the particle --- p.132 / Chapter 5.8.3 --- Particle used as a verb --- p.135 / Chapter 5.8.4 --- Errors reported in monolingual children --- p.138 / Chapter 5.9 --- Summary --- p.140 / Chapter Chapter Six --- The Acquisition of Cantonese DVCs / Chapter 6.1 --- Simple and complex DVCs --- p.143 / Chapter 6.2 --- Directional verbs as complements and main verbs --- p.147 / Chapter 6.3 --- Frequency of directional verb complements --- p.153 / Chapter 6.4 --- Placement of objects --- p.155 / Chapter 6.5 --- Non-target forms --- p.160 / Chapter 6.5.1 --- Absence of the second verb complement in Cantonese complex DVCs --- p.160 / Chapter 6.5.2 --- Non-split order in complex DVCs --- p.162 / Chapter 6.5.3 --- Negation in Cantonese DVC --- p.165 / Chapter 6.4.5 --- Other non-target forms --- p.167 / Chapter 6.6 --- Summary --- p.168 / Chapter Chapter Seven --- Discussion of Results / Chapter 7.1 --- Cross-linguistic influence in bilingual acquisition --- p.170 / Chapter 7.2 --- Cross-linguistic influence in English VPCs --- p.171 / Chapter 7.3 --- Acquisition of Cantonese DVCs --- p.178 / Chapter 7.4 --- The factors of structural overlap and language dominance --- p.183 / Chapter 7.5 --- Parental Input --- p.184 / Chapter 7.6 --- Acquisition of the components of VPC and DVC --- p.185 / Chapter 7.7 --- Individual differences --- p.186 / Chapter 7.8 --- Snyder's parameter for English VPCs --- p.186 / Chapter 7.9 --- Sawyer's study on acquisition of English VPCs --- p.188 / Chapter 7.10 --- Summary --- p.188 / Chapter Chapter Eight --- Conclusions and Suggestions for Future Research / Chapter 8.1 --- Conclusions --- p.191 / Chapter 8.2 --- Suggestions for further research --- p.194 / Chapter 8.3 --- Open questions --- p.195 / References

‘Scrambling’ languages allow arguments in a given sentence to be ordered in a variety of ways while leaving the grammatical roles of these arguments unchanged. West Germanic languages like German, Dutch, Yiddish, and West Flemish exhibit, to different extents, scrambling properties (Haider, 2006; Grewendorf, 2005; De Hoop, 2003). One well established assumption is that a prerequisite for scrambling is a rich (overt) case morphology: Grammatical relations need to be overtly marked on arguments in order for them to freely permute (Haider, 2006; Mahajan, 2003). Afrikaans, like other West Germanic languages, also allows a certain degree of flexibility (Molnárfi, 2002; Biberauer & Richards 2006; Conradie, 2007 Huddlestone, 2010). Generally, however, it is assumed to be much more rigid than a richly inflected language like German, in part because Afrikaans is the most morphologically ‘impoverished’ of all the West Germanic languages (Molnárfi, 2002; Biberauer & Richards, 2006; Huddlestone, 2010). In this thesis, I draw attention to certain double object constructions in Afrikaans that allow German-like flexibility without German-like morphology. Afrikaans allows the indirect and direct object of particular verbs to optionally invert their canonical order in finite embedded sentences without V-raising. I propose an analysis within a minimalist framework that accounts for the flexibility exhibited by these constructions. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.

This study investigated the relative clause formation and the coding of tense in the English interlanguage of thirty-two Palestinian students at the six colleges of the Islamic University of Gaza.Three composition topics were designed to elicit the learners' expression of the various English tenses and relative clauses.Findings: The data show that Palestinian learners' switching of tense results from using English morphology to express an aspectual system similar to that of Palestinian Arabic. The English past tense and present tense are used to mark Palestinian perfective and imperfective aspects, respectively. The subject-verb agreement marker and the concord markers 's/is and 'm/am are omitted in relative clauses and when there is a change in aspect.In the area of relative clauses, the data show that relative clauses are ninety percent independent of the Palestinian Arabic structuring of relative clauses. The learners use resumptive pronouns not only in clauses where the predicate incorporates a noun, adjective, or a prepositional phrase, but also before verbs. Conclusions:1. There is a large amount of influence from the Palestinian aspectual system on the learners' use of English tense.2. Subject-verb agreement problems can be solved when the problem of tense shift is solved, because of the cooccurrence of these phenomena.3. EFL teachers in Gaza Strip should not over-react to their students' tense usage in narrative passages and should not require them to write in a particular tense in an artificial manner.4. The learners' errors should be tolerated and should not be considered as indications of faulty learning.