Atmospheric CO₂ enrichment is employed by greenhouse tomato growers to increase fruit yields, and CO₂ applications are managed according to atmospheric set points or CO₂ injection rates. These methods do not immediately focus on the targets of CO₂ applications: plant performance and the regulation of plant carbon status. This thesis explores several plant-based approaches that may have potential for use in the management of CO₂ in greenhouse tomato production. Three plant-based approaches to CO₂ management were explored in commercial and experimental tomato greenhouses. These were: (1) simulation modeling, (2) non-destructive analysis of growth and (3) the status of plant carbon reserves. A cost and benefit analysis (c/b) using simulation modeling was carried out using grower-collected greenhouse environment and yield data. Simulation modeling was useful for retrospectively determining c/b of several CO₂ scenarios. The model was effective in predicting long term yields, but not short term yield variations, which limits its application for CO₂ management. Non-destructive measures of growth: stem length and diameter, leaf area and fruit load were found to be too sluggish for daily CO₂ dosing decision-making. Finally, plants growing under CO₂ enrichment can deposit substantial carbon as starch in their leaves. Plant carbon status was evaluated by determining the spatial distribution of leaf starch in the shoot and by following its variation diurnally and after the onset of CO₂ enrichment. As starch is difficult to measure by a grower, leaf mass per unit area (LMA) was also monitored for assessment as a surrogate measure for starch. Leaves in positions 7 to 9 were identified as the most meaningful in the shoot to sample. Diurnal profiles indicated these leaves carryover substantial starch from one day to the next. Monitoring starch at its peak time of accumulation (14 h to 16 h), at sunset and sunrise will indicate how much the peak starch reserves are used overnight. If starch remains high between peak and sunrise the following day, then the plants are in a carbon-surplus state and CO₂ enrichment could be postponed. For upper canopy leaves LMA is substantially influenced by starch and thus is a promising surrogate.

Atmospheric CO₂ enrichment is employed by greenhouse tomato growers to increase fruit yields, and CO₂ applications are managed according to atmospheric set points or CO₂ injection rates. These methods do not immediately focus on the targets of CO₂ applications: plant performance and the regulation of plant carbon status. This thesis explores several plant-based approaches that may have potential for use in the management of CO₂ in greenhouse tomato production. Three plant-based approaches to CO₂ management were explored in commercial and experimental tomato greenhouses. These were: (1) simulation modeling, (2) non-destructive analysis of growth and (3) the status of plant carbon reserves. A cost and benefit analysis (c/b) using simulation modeling was carried out using grower-collected greenhouse environment and yield data. Simulation modeling was useful for retrospectively determining c/b of several CO₂ scenarios. The model was effective in predicting long term yields, but not short term yield variations, which limits its application for CO₂ management. Non-destructive measures of growth: stem length and diameter, leaf area and fruit load were found to be too sluggish for daily CO₂ dosing decision-making. Finally, plants growing under CO₂ enrichment can deposit substantial carbon as starch in their leaves. Plant carbon status was evaluated by determining the spatial distribution of leaf starch in the shoot and by following its variation diurnally and after the onset of CO₂ enrichment. As starch is difficult to measure by a grower, leaf mass per unit area (LMA) was also monitored for assessment as a surrogate measure for starch. Leaves in positions 7 to 9 were identified as the most meaningful in the shoot to sample. Diurnal profiles indicated these leaves carryover substantial starch from one day to the next. Monitoring starch at its peak time of accumulation (14 h to 16 h), at sunset and sunrise will indicate how much the peak starch reserves are used overnight. If starch remains high between peak and sunrise the following day, then the plants are in a carbon-surplus state and CO₂ enrichment could be postponed. For upper canopy leaves LMA is substantially influenced by starch and thus is a promising surrogate.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:15:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Igor Barbosa eSilva1.pdf: 1206166 bytes, checksum: 78971285dabe0a0f99a49bed9359d32b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Planting density is associated with management practices and competition for water, light, and nutrients, and consequently with crop growth. The study was carried out in 2006 in Baraúna-RN, Brazil, in order to characterize Atlantis green pepper growth at various spatial arrangements (1.5 m × 0.5 m; 1.6 m × 0.4 m; and 1.7 m × 0.3 m) and row spacings (0.2 m; 0.3 m; 0.4 m; and 0.5 m), arranged in a factorial combination. Nine growth assessment seasons (spaced 14 days apart, with the first performed 14 days after transplanting, DAT) were organized in split-plots. A completely randomized block design with three replicates was used. Increases were observed until 126 DAT in plant height (PH), leaf area (LA), leaf area index (LAI), leaf dry matter (LDM), stem dry matter (SDM), fruit dry matter (FrDM), and total dry matter (TDM) of theabove-ground part, and absolute growth rate (AGR); however, continuous reductions were observed in net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR), and leaf area (LAR) and leaf weight ratio (LWR). Plant arrangement did not influence green pepper growth. Alterations in PH, LA, RGR, LWR, and LAR did not depend on row spacing; however row spacing influenced LDM, SDM, FrDM, and TDM, LAI, and AGR. Increased row spacing reduced PH, LAI, and LAR, and increased LA, LDM, SDM, FrDM, TDM, AGR, and NAR, but did not influence RGR and LWR. As spacing increases, the proportions of leaf dry mass and especially stem dry mass tend to decrease, while fruit dry mass tends to increase. When considering the period of initial fruit formation alone, the fruit dry mass proportions at row spacings of 0.2; 0.3; 0.4; and 0.5 m were 30.6%, 37.0%, 36.9%, and 36.5%, respectively / A densidade de plantio está associada aos tratos culturais e à competição por água, luz e nutrientes e, portanto, ao crescimento da cultura. O trabalho foi realizado em 2006 em Baraúna- RN, com o objetivo de caracterizar o crescimento de pimentão Atlantis em arranjos espaciais (1,5 m x 0,5 m; 1,6 m x 0, 4 m e 1,7 m x 0,3 m) e espaçamentos na fileira (0,2 m; 0,3 m; 0,4 m e 0,5 m), combinados em esquema fatorial. As nove épocas de avaliação do crescimento (espaçadas por 14 dias, sendo a primeira realizada aos 14 dias após o transplantio, DAT) foram dispostas em parcelas subdivididas. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos completos casualizados com três repetições. Existiu aumento, até os 126 DAT, da altura da planta (AP), área foliar (AF), índice de área foliar (IAF), massa secas de folhas (MSF), caule (MSC), frutos (MSFr) e total (MST) da parte aérea e da taxa de crescimento absoluto (TCA), mas redução contínua das taxas assimilatória líquida (TAL), de crescimento relativo (TCR), e das razões de área foliar (RAF) e de peso foliar (RPF). O arranjo de plantas não influenciou o crescimento do pimentão. As alterações em AP, AF, TCR, RPF, e RAF são independentes do espaçamento, entretanto o espaçamento influenciou MSF, MSC, MSFr e MST, IAF e TCA. O aumento do espaçamento reduziu a AP, IAF, e RAF, e aumentou a AF, MSF, MSC, MSFr, MST, TCA e TAL mas não influenciou a TCR e a RPF. Com o aumento do espaçamento, a proporção de massa seca das folhas e, especialmente do caule, tende a diminuir e a de frutos, a aumentar. Quando se considerou apenas o período de início da formação dos frutos as proporções de massa seca dos frutos nos espaçamentos 0,2; 0,3; 0,4 e 0,5 m foram de 30,6%, 37,0%, 36,9% e 36,5%, respectivamente

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:18:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Igor Barbosa eSilva1.pdf: 1206166 bytes, checksum: 78971285dabe0a0f99a49bed9359d32b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Planting density is associated with management practices and competition for water, light, and nutrients, and consequently with crop growth. The study was carried out in 2006 in Baraúna-RN, Brazil, in order to characterize Atlantis green pepper growth at various spatial arrangements (1.5 m × 0.5 m; 1.6 m × 0.4 m; and 1.7 m × 0.3 m) and row spacings (0.2 m; 0.3 m; 0.4 m; and 0.5 m), arranged in a factorial combination. Nine growth assessment seasons (spaced 14 days apart, with the first performed 14 days after transplanting, DAT) were organized in split-plots. A completely randomized block design with three replicates was used. Increases were observed until 126 DAT in plant height (PH), leaf area (LA), leaf area index (LAI), leaf dry matter (LDM), stem dry matter (SDM), fruit dry matter (FrDM), and total dry matter (TDM) of theabove-ground part, and absolute growth rate (AGR); however, continuous reductions were observed in net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR), and leaf area (LAR) and leaf weight ratio (LWR). Plant arrangement did not influence green pepper growth. Alterations in PH, LA, RGR, LWR, and LAR did not depend on row spacing; however row spacing influenced LDM, SDM, FrDM, and TDM, LAI, and AGR. Increased row spacing reduced PH, LAI, and LAR, and increased LA, LDM, SDM, FrDM, TDM, AGR, and NAR, but did not influence RGR and LWR. As spacing increases, the proportions of leaf dry mass and especially stem dry mass tend to decrease, while fruit dry mass tends to increase. When considering the period of initial fruit formation alone, the fruit dry mass proportions at row spacings of 0.2; 0.3; 0.4; and 0.5 m were 30.6%, 37.0%, 36.9%, and 36.5%, respectively / A densidade de plantio está associada aos tratos culturais e à competição por água, luz e nutrientes e, portanto, ao crescimento da cultura. O trabalho foi realizado em 2006 em Baraúna- RN, com o objetivo de caracterizar o crescimento de pimentão Atlantis em arranjos espaciais (1,5 m x 0,5 m; 1,6 m x 0, 4 m e 1,7 m x 0,3 m) e espaçamentos na fileira (0,2 m; 0,3 m; 0,4 m e 0,5 m), combinados em esquema fatorial. As nove épocas de avaliação do crescimento (espaçadas por 14 dias, sendo a primeira realizada aos 14 dias após o transplantio, DAT) foram dispostas em parcelas subdivididas. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos completos casualizados com três repetições. Existiu aumento, até os 126 DAT, da altura da planta (AP), área foliar (AF), índice de área foliar (IAF), massa secas de folhas (MSF), caule (MSC), frutos (MSFr) e total (MST) da parte aérea e da taxa de crescimento absoluto (TCA), mas redução contínua das taxas assimilatória líquida (TAL), de crescimento relativo (TCR), e das razões de área foliar (RAF) e de peso foliar (RPF). O arranjo de plantas não influenciou o crescimento do pimentão. As alterações em AP, AF, TCR, RPF, e RAF são independentes do espaçamento, entretanto o espaçamento influenciou MSF, MSC, MSFr e MST, IAF e TCA. O aumento do espaçamento reduziu a AP, IAF, e RAF, e aumentou a AF, MSF, MSC, MSFr, MST, TCA e TAL mas não influenciou a TCR e a RPF. Com o aumento do espaçamento, a proporção de massa seca das folhas e, especialmente do caule, tende a diminuir e a de frutos, a aumentar. Quando se considerou apenas o período de início da formação dos frutos as proporções de massa seca dos frutos nos espaçamentos 0,2; 0,3; 0,4 e 0,5 m foram de 30,6%, 37,0%, 36,9% e 36,5%, respectivamente

Submitted by Lara Oliveira (lara@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-01-10T15:07:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RenanCP_TESE.pdf: 1501418 bytes, checksum: aa1c2949e9a54d1fc61ebd7d070d6706 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-01-24T14:46:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RenanCP_TESE.pdf: 1501418 bytes, checksum: aa1c2949e9a54d1fc61ebd7d070d6706 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T14:47:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RenanCP_TESE.pdf: 1501418 bytes, checksum: aa1c2949e9a54d1fc61ebd7d070d6706 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-28 / Nitrogen (N) is one of the macronutrients more absorbed by sweet pepper, and phosphorus (P), one of the macronutrients that limit crop production. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications. These consisted of the implementation of the five nitrogen rates (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1 N) and phosphorus than five (0, 60, 120, 200 and 300 kg ha-1 P2O5), in a red yellow podzolic in the municipality of Mossoró in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The following characteristics were evaluated: commercial fruit productivity, non-commercial fruit productivity, overall productivity of fruits, number of commercial fruits, number of unmarketable fruits, total number of fruits and average weight of commercial fruits. It defined the critical level of P extracted from the soil by Mehlich-1 extractor, as well as the critical levels of N and P in the diagnostic leaves. For the growth analysis and nutrient absorption four plants were sampled at 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, 112 and 126 days after transplanting (DAT) at doses of 100 kg ha-1 N and 120 kg ha-1 of P2O5. The maximum production of dry plant matter occurred at 126 DAT, with accumulation of 73.5 g plant-1. For this value, the fruits accounted for 57.1% and vegetative shoots with 42.9%. The accumulation of nutrients in the plant in descending order was: K (2.68 g plant-1) > N (1.61 g plant-1) > Ca (0.31 g plant-1) > Mg (0.23 g plant-1) > P (0.20 g plant-1). Regarding nutrient partitioning in the plant, the N and P were found in large quantities in fruits, while K, Ca and Mg in the vegetative shoot. For productivity of 16.3 t ha-1, exports of N, P, K, Ca and Mg were equivalent to 23.07; 3.41; 29.17; 1.33 and 2.08 kg ha-1, respectively. For this soil, the combination of 29.93 kg ha-1 N and 40.22 kg ha-1 P2O5 was promoted the maximum economic efficiency yield of sweet pepper. The critical levels of N in the sheet and P in leaf and soil associated with producing maximum economic efficiency of sweet pepper were, respectively, 34.78 to 38.94 g kg-1; 2.02 to 2.36 g kg-1 and 12.85 to 29.18 mg dm-3 / O nitrogênio (N) é um dos macronutrientes mais absorvidos pelo pimentão, enquanto que o fósforo um dos que mais limitam a produção das culturas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições e dez tratamentos. Estes consistiram da aplicação de cinco doses de N (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha-1 de N) e cinco doses de P (0, 60, 120, 200 e 300 kg ha-1 de P2O5), em um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo do município de Mossoró-RN. Para as características de produção foram avaliadas as seguintes características: produtividade de frutos comerciais, produtividade de frutos não comerciais, produtividade total de frutos, número de frutos comerciais, número de frutos não comerciais, número total de frutos e massa média de frutos comerciais. Foi estimado o nível crítico de P extraído do solo pelo extrator Mehlich-1, bem como os níveis críticos de N e de P nas folhas diagnósticas das plantas. Para a marcha de crescimento e de acúmulo de nutrientes, quatro plantas foram amostradas aos 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, 112 e 126 dias após o transplantio (DAT), nas doses de 100 kg ha-1 de N + 120 kg ha-1 de P2O5. A máxima produção de matéria seca total da planta ocorreu aos 126 DAT, com acúmulo de 73,5 g planta-1. Para este valor, os frutos contribuíram com 57,1% e a parte aérea vegetativa com 42,9%. O acúmulo de nutrientes em ordem decrescente na planta foi: K (2,68 g planta-1) > N (1,61 g planta-1) > Ca (0,31 g planta-1) > Mg (0,23 g planta-1) > P (0,20 g planta-1). Em relação à partição de nutrientes na planta, o N e o P foram encontrados em maiores quantidades nos frutos, enquanto o K, Ca e Mg na parte aérea vegetativa. Para a produtividade de 16,3 t ha-1, as exportações de N, P, K, Ca e Mg foram equivalentes a 23,07; 3,41; 29,17; 1,33 e 2,08 kg ha-1, respectivamente. Para este solo, a combinação das doses de 29,93 kg ha-1 de N e 40,22 kg ha-1 de P2O5 foi a que promoveu a produção de máxima eficiência econômica de pimentão. Os níveis críticos estimados de N na folha e de P na folha e no solo, associados à produção de máxima eficiência econômica do pimentão variaram, respectivamente, de 34,78 a 38,94 g kg-1; 2,02 a 2,36 g kg-1 e 12,85 a 29,18 mg dm-3 / 2017-01-10

Orientador: Rogério Peres Soratto / Banca: Roberto Lyra Villas Boas / Banca: Jose Magno Queiroz Luz / Resumo: A cultura da batata tem grande importância para o Brasil e para o Estado de São Paulo. Porém, apesar de sua importância, falta maiores informações sobre a fisiologia e nutrição mineral desta cultura, limitando a obtenção de elevadas produtividades, com alta qualidade e baixo custo de produção, já que as peculiaridades de cada cultivar podem fazer grande diferença no manejo. Além disso, as doses de fertilizantes normalmente utilizadas na cultura da batata são elevadas, o que gera grande impacto no custo de produção e riscos ambientais. Assim, para obtenção da máxima eficiência produtiva, faz-se necessário o conhecimento do desenvolvimento da planta e da absorção e acumulação de nutrientes nas diferentes fases de desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento, acúmulo de nutrientes durante o ciclo, produtividade de tubérculos e exportação de nutrientes em cinco cultivares de batata. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcela subdividida, com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas pelas cultivares (Ágata, Asterix, Atlantic, Markies e Mondial) e as subparcelas por épocas de coletas de plantas, que foram realizadas a cada 7 dias após a emergência até a colheita final. Cada parcela foi constituída por 10 linhas de 10 m de comprimento. Todas as cultivares tiveram crescimento lento até o início da fase de enchimento de tubérculos. Desta época até o final do ciclo ocorreu o desenvolvimento dos tubérculos, com a máxima taxa de acúmulo de MS concentrando-se no início dessa fase. A cultivar Mondial foi mais tardia em acumular MS, apresentando as maiores taxas de crescimento na fase final do ciclo.As cultivares Ágata, Atlantic e Markies apresentam crescimento semelhante durante todo o ciclo, porém... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The potato crop has great economical importance for Brazil and São Paulo State. However, despite its importance, it lacks more information about physiology and mineral nutrition of this crop, limiting to obtain high yield, high quality and low production cost, since the peculiarities of each cultivar can make difference in management. Furthermore, the fertilizers rates commonly used in potato crop are high, which has a strong impact on production costs and environmental risks. To get the maximum production efficiency, it is necessary to understand the development of the plant, uptake and accumulation of nutrients in different stages of the plant development. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth, nutrient accumulation, tubers yield and the nutrient exportation in five potato cultivars. The experimental design was the completely randomized block in split-plot with four replications. The plots treatments consisted of potato cultivars (Ágata, Asterix, Atlantic, Markies and Mondial) and subplots were established by harvest time of plants, were carried out every 7 day after emergence to last harvest. Each plot consisted of 10 lines of 10 m in length. All cultivars showed slow growth until the beginning of the tubers bulking stage. Since this time until the end of the cycle, occurred the tubers development, with maximum dry matter accumulation rate focusing in this initial stage. Mondial cultivar took longer time to accumulate dry matter, presenting the highest growth rates in the final stage of the cycle. Ágata, Atlantic... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by (ana.araujo@ufrpe.br) on 2016-07-06T18:24:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Janilson Alves da Silva.pdf: 842304 bytes, checksum: 7b8a55eb0872b15792c1c68f9f36475b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-06T18:24:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Janilson Alves da Silva.pdf: 842304 bytes, checksum: 7b8a55eb0872b15792c1c68f9f36475b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-31 / The main objective of this work is to use models ARIMA to adjust the estimates of growth in height of leucaena ( emph () Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit.) Agreste of Pernambuco. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station Company Research Pernambuco Agropecuária - IPA, the municipality of Caruaru - PE. 544 trees were used to leucaena variety, of Hawaii (cv. K8), divided into 24 treatments with 24 repetitions. The sources of variations were: levels of phosphorus, organic compounds and urban waste inoculation with rhizobia (NFB 466 and 473) applied alone. Were considered for this study 5 years of measurements and used the Chapman-Richards model to remove the trend in the series study, after removal of the new trend set S(t) was modeled using models ARIMA (1,1,0), (1,1,1) (1,1,2) and (1,1,3). However, the results were not superior to traditional non-linear models, often used in modeling the growth of forests. / O principal objetivo deste trabalho é utilizar modelos ARIMA para o ajuste das estimativas de crescimento em altura de leucena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit.), no Agreste de Pernambuco. O experimento foi conduzido na Estação Experimental da Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária - IPA, no município de Caruaru - PE. Foram utilizadas 544 árvores de leucena, da variedade Hawaii (cv. K8), divididas em 24 tratamentos com 24 repetições. As fontes de variações estudadas foram: níveis de adubação fosfatada composto orgânico de resíduo urbano e inoculação de rizóbio (NFB 466 e 473) aplicadas isoladamente. Foram consideradas para esse estudo 5 anos de medições e utilizado o Modelo de Chapman-Richards para remover a tendência da série em estudo, após remoção da tendência a nova série St foi modelada utilizando modelos ARIMA (1,1,0);(1,1,1)(1,1,2) e (1,1,3). Entretanto, os resultados não foram superiores aos dos modelos não-lineares tradicionais, frequentemente usados na modelagem do crescimento de florestas.

Atmospheric CO₂ enrichment is employed by greenhouse tomato growers to increase fruit yields, and CO₂ applications are managed according to atmospheric set points or CO₂ injection rates. These methods do not immediately focus on the targets of CO₂ applications: plant performance and the regulation of plant carbon status. This thesis explores several plant-based approaches that may have potential for use in the management of CO₂ in greenhouse tomato production. Three plant-based approaches to CO₂ management were explored in commercial and experimental tomato greenhouses. These were: (1) simulation modeling, (2) non-destructive analysis of growth and (3) the status of plant carbon reserves. A cost and benefit analysis (c/b) using simulation modeling was carried out using grower-collected greenhouse environment and yield data. Simulation modeling was useful for retrospectively determining c/b of several CO₂ scenarios. The model was effective in predicting long term yields, but not short term yield variations, which limits its application for CO₂ management. Non-destructive measures of growth: stem length and diameter, leaf area and fruit load were found to be too sluggish for daily CO₂ dosing decision-making. Finally, plants growing under CO₂ enrichment can deposit substantial carbon as starch in their leaves. Plant carbon status was evaluated by determining the spatial distribution of leaf starch in the shoot and by following its variation diurnally and after the onset of CO₂ enrichment. As starch is difficult to measure by a grower, leaf mass per unit area (LMA) was also monitored for assessment as a surrogate measure for starch. Leaves in positions 7 to 9 were identified as the most meaningful in the shoot to sample. Diurnal profiles indicated these leaves carryover substantial starch from one day to the next. Monitoring starch at its peak time of accumulation (14 h to 16 h), at sunset and sunrise will indicate how much the peak starch reserves are used overnight. If starch remains high between peak and sunrise the following day, then the plants are in a carbon-surplus state and CO₂ enrichment could be postponed. For upper canopy leaves LMA is substantially influenced by starch and thus is a promising surrogate. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The crambe is an oilseed that belongs to the Brassicaceae family, is considered a winter crop, with good tolerance to frost. In the state of Rio Grande do Sul, missing information on the growth, development and adaptation of crambe, which limits the adoption by producers of culture. The knowledge of thermal and base temperature scale allows the crop cycle, helping to define the sowing date and correct timing of the implementation of management practices. Thus, this study aims to evaluate and characterize the growth and development of crambe, to determine the thermal over the cycle and by different methods to estimate the base temperature for the cultivar Brilliant FMS. An experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Santa Maria, in the years 2010 and 2011, the following sowing dates: 06/10/2010, 07/05/2010, 08/03/2010, 08/19/2010, 09/09/2010, 09/17/2010, 02/18/2011, 04/06/2011, 04/28/2011, which was evaluated twice a week the phenological stage of the height and number of leaves of 20 plants each time. Using daily temperature data, we calculated the basis for the subperiods temperature sowing-emergence, emergence, flowering, fruiting, flowering, fruit-maturation and maturation-emergency, by traditional methods: a smaller deviation in degree-days, the lower standard deviation days, X-intercept, coefficient of variation in degree-day coefficient of variation in days and the regression coefficient; by methods modified by Yang et al. (1995), which are offset in degree-days, lower standard deviation in days , coefficient of variation in degree-days and the regression coefficient, and proposed new methods: pseudopseudo- sigma and sigma in days. The method estimated more accurately subperiods higher, with the temperature average basis for emergency subperiod maturation of 4.5 ° C. The increase both in height and in the number of sheets is down to 300 ° days, thereafter the plants grew faster variable up to about 900 ° days, when the stabilizing time and the number of sheets decreases because of senescence. / O crambe é uma oleaginosa que pertence a família das Brassicaceae, é considerada uma cultura de inverno, com boa tolerância a geadas. No Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, faltam informações sobre o crescimento, desenvolvimento e adaptação do crambe, fato que limita a adoção da cultura pelos produtores. O conhecimento da soma térmica e da temperatura base permite dimensionar o ciclo das culturas, ajudando na definição da data de semeadura e o momento correto da realização das práticas de manejo. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho visa avaliar e caracterizar o crescimento e o desenvolvimento do crambe, determinar a soma térmica durante o ciclo e estimar através de diferentes métodos a temperatura base para a cultivar FMS Brilhante. Conduziu-se um experimento na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, nos anos de 2010 e 2011, nas seguintes épocas de semeadura: 10/06/2010, 05/07/2010, 03/08/2010, 19/08/2010, 09/09/2010, 17/09/2010, 18/02/2011, 06/04/2011, 28/04/2011, onde avaliou-se duas vezes por semana o estágio fenológico a altura e o número de folhas de 20 plantas de cada época. Utilizando dados de temperaturas diários, calculou-se a temperatura base para os subperíodos semeadura-emergência, emergência-florescimento, florescimento-frutificação, frutificação-maturação e emergência-maturação, pelos métodos tradicionais: menor desvio em graus-dia, menor desvio padrão em dia, X-intercepto, coeficiente de variação em graus-dia, coeficiente de variação em dias e coeficiente de regressão; por métodos modificados por Yang et al.(1995), que são: desvio em graus-dia, menor desvio padrão em dia, coeficiente de variação em graus-dia e coeficiente de regressão; e por novos métodos propostos: pseudo-sigma e pseudo-sigma em dias. Os método estimaram com maior precisão subperíodos maiores, sendo a temperatura base média para o subperíodo emergência maturação de 4,5°C. O crescimento tanto em altura quanto em número de folhas é baixo até os 300°dias, a partir de então as plantas apresentaram crescimento rápido das variáveis até cerca dos 900° dias, quando a altura estabiliza e o número de folhas descresce em razão da senescência.

Among the main problems of modern agriculture weeds is very important, especially for the high adaptability, efficient use of available resources and rapid development. In sugarcane several species have been reported as weeds, but little is known about the species known popularly as rat tail (Stigmaphyllon blanchetii), especially in respect to their biology. Knowing the biology of a weed management strategies become more effective. Thus, the study aimed to study the phenology and growth-tail mouse come from vegetative propagation, as well as to the germination test of their seeds under different temperatures and luminosities. The experiment was divided into three stages corresponding to the study of phenology tubers, growth and germination. The first and second stage regarding the phenology and growth of rat tail coming from vegetative propagation and were carried out with the aim of establishing phenological phases through the use of the BBCH scale and achievement of plant biometrics from pre-established dates; the third stage was carried out germination test at different temperatures and light. These were intended to find the temperature and the quality of light ideal for the growth of the species. First the tubers were separated by weight classes: (300g to 595G) and (130g to 290g). Within each class they were planted 35 tubers in pots with a capacity of 20L, and when they found each phenological event was averaged budding. With nine plants of each weight class an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, where each plant represented a repetition. The evaluation periods were: 120, 150, 180, 210, 240 and 270 days after planting (DAP). The variables analyzed were: plant height (AP), Total number of sheets (NTF), number of leaves of the main stem (NFHP), number of branches (primary and secondary), number of shoots, leaf area (AF), Matter dry (+ root tuber) and shoot. All results were submitted to analysis of variance and the means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The results showed that tubers of class 130 to 290g are more competitive by the resources available in the environment featuring rapid initial growth coupled with the early development of biometric characteristics. The temperatures that provide the best germination to Stigmaphyllon blanchetii are constant 30 ° C and the alternating 20-30 ° C. The quality of red light and dark condition improved germination and generation of normal plants to-tail mouse. / FAPEAL - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / Dentre os principais problemas da agricultura moderna as plantas daninhas tem grande relevância, principalmente pela alta adaptabilidade, eficiência no uso dos recursos disponíveis e rápido desenvolvimento. Na cana-de-açúcar várias espécies já foram relatadas como infestantes, porém pouco se sabe sobre a espécie conhecida popularmente como rabo de rato (Stigmaphyllon blanchetii), principalmente no que diz respeito a sua biologia. Ao conhecer a biologia de uma planta daninha as estratégias de manejo se tornam mais eficazes. Diante disso, o trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a fenologia e o crescimento de rabo-de-rato oriundo de propagação vegetativa, bem como fazer o teste de germinação das suas sementes submetidas a diferentes temperaturas e luminosidades. O Experimento foi dividido em três etapas que correspondem ao estudo sobre a fenologia de tubérculos, crescimento e germinação. A primeira e segunda etapa que diz respeito à fenologia e crescimento do rabo de rato oriundo de propagação vegetativa e foram realizadas com intuito de estabelecer as fases fenológicas através do uso da escala BBCH e realização da biometria da planta a partir de datas pré-estabelecidas; na terceira etapa foi realizado o teste de germinação em diferentes temperaturas e luminosidade. Essas tiveram como finalidade encontrar a temperatura e a qualidade de luz ideal para o crescimento da espécie. Primeiramente os tubérculos foram separados por classes de massa: (300g a 595g) e (130g a 290g). Dentro de cada classe foram semeados 35 tubérculos em vasos com capacidade para 20L, e quando se constatou cada evento fenológico foi calculada a média de brotação. Com nove plantas de cada classe de massa foi realizado um experimento em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, onde cada planta representou uma repetição. Os períodos de avaliação foram: 120, 150, 180, 210, 240 e 270 dias após o plantio (DAP). As variáveis analisadas foram: Altura de planta (AP), Número total de folhas (NTF), Número de folhas da haste principal (NFHP), Número de ramos (primários e secundários), Número de brotações, Área foliar (AF), Matéria seca da (raiz+tubérculo) e da parte aérea. Todos os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e suas médias comparadas através do teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados permitiram concluir que tubérculos da classe de 130 a 290g são mais competitivos pelos recursos disponíveis no ambiente apresentando rápido crescimento inicial aliado ao precoce desenvolvimento das características biométricas. As temperaturas que proporcionam a melhor germinação para Stigmaphyllon blanchetii são a constante de 30°C e a alternada de 20-30°C. A qualidade de luz vermelha e o escuro condicionam maior germinação e geração de plantas normais para o rabo-de-rato.