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<p>Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur förekomsten av utbrändhet ser ut</p><p>över olika yrkesområden. Utbrändhet mäts med hjälp av Maslach</p><p>Burnout Inventory General Survey på 1494 slumpmässigt utvalda</p><p>yrkesarbetande personer. En referensgrupp, där personer som blivit</p><p>sjukskrivna pga. stress ingått, användes för att kunna bedöma vilka i</p><p>stickprovet som var kliniskt utbrända. Respondenterna indelades i</p><p>olika yrkesområden utifrån Standard för svensk yrkesklassificering.</p><p>Ytterligare en uppdelning gjordes utifrån kvalifikationsnivån i</p><p>området, samt med hänsyn till grad av kontakt med människor och</p><p>möjlighet att ha kontroll över arbetets utformning. Resultatet visar att</p><p>det inte finns någon skillnad i hur utbrändhet fördelar sig över olika</p><p>yrkesområden. Däremot har en hög kontroll över arbetets utformning</p><p>en positiv påverkan i att sänka graden av utbrändhet.</p> / <p>The purpose of this study is to investigate the occurrence of burnout</p><p>across different occupational areas. Burnout is measured using</p><p>Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey on 1494 randomized</p><p>respondents who were a part of the working force. A reference group,</p><p>containing people sick listed due to stress, was used to determine</p><p>clinical burnout. The respondents were divided into different</p><p>occupational areas based on the Swedish Standard Classification of</p><p>Occupations. Further division was done in order to divide the</p><p>respondents according to the qualification level in the area, and also in</p><p>consideration of the extent of human contact and the possibility to</p><p>control the design of ones occupation. The result shows that there is</p><p>no difference in the occurrence of burnout across different</p><p>occupational areas. However it has shown that a high control over the</p><p>design of ones occupation has a positive influence in lower the grade</p><p>of burnout.</p>

Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur förekomsten av utbrändhet ser ut över olika yrkesområden. Utbrändhet mäts med hjälp av Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey på 1494 slumpmässigt utvalda yrkesarbetande personer. En referensgrupp, där personer som blivit sjukskrivna pga. stress ingått, användes för att kunna bedöma vilka i stickprovet som var kliniskt utbrända. Respondenterna indelades i olika yrkesområden utifrån Standard för svensk yrkesklassificering. Ytterligare en uppdelning gjordes utifrån kvalifikationsnivån i området, samt med hänsyn till grad av kontakt med människor och möjlighet att ha kontroll över arbetets utformning. Resultatet visar att det inte finns någon skillnad i hur utbrändhet fördelar sig över olika yrkesområden. Däremot har en hög kontroll över arbetets utformning en positiv påverkan i att sänka graden av utbrändhet. / The purpose of this study is to investigate the occurrence of burnout across different occupational areas. Burnout is measured using Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey on 1494 randomized respondents who were a part of the working force. A reference group, containing people sick listed due to stress, was used to determine clinical burnout. The respondents were divided into different occupational areas based on the Swedish Standard Classification of Occupations. Further division was done in order to divide the respondents according to the qualification level in the area, and also in consideration of the extent of human contact and the possibility to control the design of ones occupation. The result shows that there is no difference in the occurrence of burnout across different occupational areas. However it has shown that a high control over the design of ones occupation has a positive influence in lower the grade of burnout.

The safety and safety work on OKG, Oskarshamns Kraftgrupp, is supervised by SKI, Swedish nuclear power inspectorate. The task of SKI is to inspect that the nuclear power plants of Sweden runs in a safe way. The proprietor of the permit who runs nuclear power plants has the responsibility to maintain the required safety to run a plant. SKI publishes a number of statue books that OKG has to meet to be able to run the plants. SKI recommends in SKIFS 2 004:1, that OKG work with the safety requirements of IAEA. IAEA, International Atomic Energy Agency is a worldwide cooperation in the nuclear industry. The purpose with the thesis is to do a gap-analysis between the management system of OKG and GS-R-3, a safety standard of IAEA, furthermore basis to work with possible gaps will be brought up. The expected result is to find possibilities for improvements in the management system of the organization. The methods used in the thesis are literature studies, interviews and classification. An assessment has been made, if the management system of OKG meets the safety standard GSR- 3 of IAEA. The assessment is based on information in documents from the management system of the company and information that had been brought up by interviews with experts in different areas. The interviews have been a complement when the documents not were clear enough. For some of the possibilities to improve that was found, basis to work with these areas was brought up from IAEA and WANO. WANO, the World Association of Nuclear Operators, is an organization with the purpose to increase safety end reliability in the nuclear industry, by increasing communication, exchanging information and comparison between the nuclear power plants around the world. The requirements were divided in to three classes, those requirements that were met by the management system, those who were partly met and those that were not at all met. Finally 64 % was assessed being met, 29 % partly met and 7 % not met at all by the management system of OKG. The conclusion drawn is that there are a number of possibilities to improve the management system of OKG to be able to meet the IAEA GS-R-3. The major areas to work with is grading of documents, working with processes, assessing the organization, handling nonconformances, working with improvements and feedback from experience. / <p>Uppsatsnivå: D</p>

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a broad-spectrum and effective chemotherapeutic agent, but its use in oncologic practice is limited by dose-dependent cumulative cardiotoxicity. DOX-induced cardiotoxicity is in large part due to its ability to cause oxidative stress. Multidrug resistance associated protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) is a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily. By effluxing a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous substrates, Mrp1 plays important physiological roles in multiple tissues and also protects normal tissues against toxicants. However, the role of MRP1 in heart is largely unknown. The role of Mrp1 in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity was investigated in Mrp1 null (Mrp1-/-) and their C57BL (WT) littermates. Chronic DOX caused body weight loss and hemotoxicity, and these adverse effects were significantly exacerbated in Mrp1-/- vs WT mice. Importantly, loss of Mrp1 potentiated DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, presenting as worsened cardiac function and more cellular apoptosis in DOX treated Mrp1-/- mice. Mrp1 also protected neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes (CM) and cardiac fibroblasts (CF) culture against DOX cytotoxicity in vitro. This was demonstrated by the decreased cell survival, more apoptosis and more DNA damage in DOX treated Mrp1-/- vs WT cells. In addition, the effects of deletion of Mrp1 was studied on glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) homeostasis, glutathione conjugate of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (GS-HNE) accumulation, protein oxidative damage and expression of antioxidant enzymes. Loss of Mrp1 led to significantly higher GSH and GSSG basal levels in heart. Following DOX treatment, Mrp1-/- CM and CF showed increased GSH and GSSG levels vs WT cells. Meanwhile, DOX increased expression of the GSH synthesis enzymes in Mrp1-/- but not WT cells. Thus, increased GSH synthesis may contribute to the further increase in the GSH pool in DOX-treated Mrp1-/- cells. DOX induced comparable increases of GS-HNE concentration in WT and Mrp1-/- mice hearts. Finally, expression of extracellular superoxide dismutase (ECSOD/SOD3) was significantly lower in Mrp1-/- vs. WT CM treated with either saline or DOX. In summary, this study is the first to document a protective role of Mrp1 in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. It gives critical information regarding the potential adverse sequelae of introduction of MRP1 inhibitors as adjuncts to clinical chemotherapy of multidrug resistant tumors.

A 1.5 hrs UBC Library instructional workshop was presented by the UBC Science and Engineering librarians, Eugene Barsky and Kevin Lindstrom. Topics covered were: information on using Google, Google Scholar, and a comparison of Google/Google Scholar with Compendex (major engineering database).

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Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilken kunskap lärare med elever i årskurs 6-9 har om elevers stress och vad de gör och kan tänka sig göra för att underlätta för stressade elever, och vad jag i min kommande profession som svensklärare kan ta med mig ut av deras erfarenheter.Metoden jag använt för att ta reda på svaren till frågeställningarna är kvalitativa intervjuer. Resultatet visar på att lärare är relativt kunniga om vad stress är, dock skulle de behöva mer kunskap för att se symptomen på stress hos sina elever. Lärarna har en hel del konkreta metoder för att förebygga och underlätta för stressade elever, och många av dem finner stöd i litteraturen. Jag har fått en del nya idéer om hur man just i svenskämnet kan förebygga stress. Slutligen är det viktigt att identifiera stress på ett tidigt stadium så att man på så sätt kan sätta in stressförebyggande åtgärder och eliminera stressfaktorerna så vi inte utsätter eleverna för mer stress än nödvändigt. / The purpose of this study is to examine what knowledge teachers with students in the age 12 to 15 have regarding student stress and what they do and are prepared to do to relive stressed pupils, and what I in my future profession as Swedish Instructor can take with me of their experiences.The metod I have used to determine the answers to the questions was qualitative interviews.The result shows that Teatchers are relatively knowledgable about stress, but they could use more knowledge about recognizing the symptoms in thier students. The teatchers have a lot of concrete ways to prevent stress make it easier for stressed students, many of them find solice in literature on the subject. I have obtained some new ideas about how you can prevent stress in the swedish subject.Finaly its important to identify stress at an early stage so that stress realiving metods can be aplied and the stress factors eliminated so that we don't put the pupils through unnecesary stress.

INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have shown that osteocytes, the matrix-embedded cells in bone, control bone modeling and remodeling through direct contact with adjacent cells and via secreted factors that can reach cells in the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM). Osteocytes express several receptors including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and mice lacking the stimulatory subunit of G-proteins (Gsα) in osteocytes have abnormal myelopoiesis, skeletal abnormalities and reduced adipose tissue. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of osteocyte-secreted factors on myeloid cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro. To investigate cross-talk between osteocytes and the BMM, we established osteocytic cell lines lacking Gsα expression to study the molecular mechanisms by which osteocytes control myeloid cell proliferation and differentiation. METHODS: CRISPR/Cas9 was used to knockout Gsα in the osteocytic cell line Ocy454. Conditioned media (CM) from differentiated Ocy-GsαCtrl and Ocy-GsαKO cells were used to treat myeloid cells and bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNCs) isolated from long bones of 6-8-week-old C57/BL6 mice. BMNCs were cultured with Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (M-CSF), Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa β Ligand (RANKL) to induce osteoclast differentiation. Proliferation, TRAP staining, TRAP activity, resorption pit assay, F-actin ring formation and mRNA expression were used to evaluate cell proliferation, differentiation and function of the induced osteoclasts. Proteomics analysis of CM was performed to identify osteocyte-secreted factors capable of controlling myelopoiesis and osteoclastogenesis. RESULTS: Myeloid cells treated with CM from Ocy-GsαKO showed a significant increase in cell proliferation compared to Ocy-GsαCtrl CM and non-treated control. BMNCs treated with CM from Ocy-GsαCtrl and Ocy-GsαKO showed a significant increase in cell proliferation as compared to non-treated control. Osteoclast differentiation was significantly suppressed by CM from Ocy-GsαCtrl and further suppressed by CM from Ocy-GsαKO compared to non-treated control. Osteoclasts exposed to CM from Ocy-GsαKO showed a significant defect in activity and function as compared to cells exposed to CM from Ocy-GsαCtrl and non-treated cells. Osteoclast apoptosis was significantly enhanced by Ocy-GsαCtrl and Ocy-GsαKO CM compared to non-treated control. Among osteocyte secreted factors, we identified neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) as a Gsα-dependent osteocytic factor capable of suppressing osteoclastogenesis. CM from Ocy-GsαKO in which M-CSF was reduced by shRNA demonstrated decrease in BMNCs proliferation, demonstrating that osteocytes are also important sources of this cytokine. CONCLUSIONS: Osteocytes produce several Gsα-dependent and -independent secreted factors capable of supporting myelopoiesis, promoting macrophage proliferation and suppressing osteoclast formation. We identified osteocyte-derived NRP-1 as a novel factor capable of decreasing osteoclastogenesis. In addition, we found that M-CSF secreted by osteocytes is responsible in part for BMNC proliferation. Future studies should focus on determining the role of osteocyte-mediated NRP-1 and other secreted factor(s) in control of myelopoiesis and osteoclastogenesis. / 2020-06-26T00:00:00Z