Introduktion: Våld i nära relationer är ett folkhälsoproblem. 12 422 fall av inomhusmisshandel i nära relation riktat mot kvinnor över 18 år anmäldes under 2010. I medeltal dör 30 kvinnor årligen i Sverige på grund av fysiskt våld. 17 av dessa dödas av sin nuvarande eller tidigare partner. Psykiskt våld kan utgöras av hot, kontroll samt trakasserier och kan vara svårt att identifiera. Sexuellt våld kan vara misshandel vid samlag och tvång till olika sexuella handlingar. Våld i nära relationer förekommer i alla samhällsklasser och barn drabbas direkt eller indirekt av våld i nära relationer. Regeringen har presenterat en handlingsplan med åtgärder och insatser för att bekämpa bland annat mäns våld mot kvinnor. Polisen utbildas för att bättre kunna bemöta och hjälpa utsatta kvinnor. Ideella organisationer finns där kvinnor och barn kan få stöd och hjälp. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva kvinnors erfarenheter av våld i en nära relation. Metod: Metoden som användes var litteratur-studie. Databaser som användes var Academic Search Elite och PsycINFO. Resultat: Den trevlige och charmige mannen som kvinnor mött visade sig efter hand vara en våldsam man. Våldet kom smygande och ökade sedan successivt i förhållandet. Kvinnor skuldbelade sig själva för våldet. De skämdes över sin situation och de höll upp en fasad utåt. Graviditet sågs inte som något skydd mot våldet. Kvinnor upplevde både att det fanns stöd runt omkring och att stödet inte kom dem till gagn. Skyddad identitet blev ett alternativ för några. Implikation: Det komplexa och ökande problemet Våld i nära relationer behöver komma upp mer på dag-ordningen. Det är av stor vikt att vidare forskning bedrivs i Sverige inom området och att kunskapen omvandlas till praktiska redskap i samhället. / Introduction: Intimate partner violence is a public health problem. 12 422 cases of indoor assault in the intimate partnership against women over 18 were reported in 2010. An average of 30 women dies each year in Sweden due to physical violence. 17 of them are killed by their current or former partner. Psychological violence may be constituted by threats, control and harassment and can be difficult to identify. Sexual violence can be abuse during sex and compulsion into various sexual acts. Intimate partner violence occurs in all social classes and children are affected directly or in-directly by domestic violence. The government has presented a plan of action with measures and efforts to, among other things, fight men’s violence against women. The police are trained to better treat and help vulnerable women. Women and children can receive help and support from nonprofit organizations. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe women’s experiences of violence in an intimate partnership. Method: The method that was used in this study was based on facts from literature. The Databases that were used was Academic Search Elite and PsycINFO. Result: The nice and charming man that women met proved over time to be a violent man. The violence came stealthy and it increased gradually in the relationship. Women blamed themselves for the violence. They were ashamed of their situation and tried to keep up an appearance. Pregnancy did not seem to be any protection against the violence. Women experienced both that there was support around them and that the support did not came them to the benefit. Protected identity became an alternative for some women. Implication: The complex and growing problem of intimate partner violence needs to be a frequent topic on the agenda. It is of great importance that further research is conducted in Sweden in this area and that the knowledge will be transformed into practical tools in the community.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the link between shame-proneness, guilt-proneness, attributional styles, and coping strategies, and then to determine which of these variables are significantly related to depressive symptomatology in the sample of Turkish undergraduates. Moreover, the association between shame-proneness, guilt-proneness and depressive symptomatology through attributional styles and coping strategies is examined. Four hundred undergraduates from different universities completed the Ways of Coping Inventory, Attribution Styles Questionnaire, Test of Self-Conscious Affect-3 and Beck Depression Inventory in addition to the questionnaire surveying sociodemografic variables. The findings of the analyses have revealed that shame- and guiltproneness have a significant effect on coping strategies, attributional styles, and depressive symptomatology. The attributional styles also have predictive effects on the use of coping strategies. However, contrary to the researcher&#039 / s predictions, no relationship between attributional styles and depressive symptomatology has been found. In order to test the mediation model, mediation analyses have been conducted and the results of the analyses have been tested by structural equation modeling, which have confirmed the mediation effect of problem-focused coping only between shame- and guilt-proneness and depressive symptomatology. In conclusion, shame- and guilt-proneness are the strongest predictors of depressive symptomatology and their significant effect on depressive symptoms are above and beyond the other variables. The findings of the present study have suggested that the analysis of shame-proneness, frequency, and duration of feelings of shame and related occasions are crucial in psychotherapy process. The results of the study have emphasized the importance of taking shame-proneness into account and dealing with it in the psychotherapy process.

Cause-related marketing (CRM), which combines business goals and corporate social responsibility, has recently become a trend in Taiwan as well as in the whole world. Although recent studies have begun to examine potential factors that might affect CRM effectiveness, influences of emotional appeals on CRM remain unexplored. Therefore, based on previous studies relevant to charitable donations, this study compares the effects of guilt appeal and warmth appeal in CRM ads. In addition, brand¡¦s gender traits are also considered to observe how they sway the effectiveness of the emotional appeals. The present study uses experimental design to investigate the effects of the types of emotional appeals (guilt appeal vs. warmth appeal) and brand¡¦s gender traits (feminine brand vs. masculine brand) on CRM effectiveness. And a 2X2 factorial design is conducted. Four different scenarios are established through fictitious CRM ads, and the ad effects are measured by purchase intention and attitude toward the brand to observe the response under different scenarios. The results indicate that there is an interaction effect between emotional appeals and brand¡¦s gender traits on CRM effectiveness. The feminine brand is more effective while using CRM. Furthermore, the feminine brand is more effective than the masculine brand while the warmth appeal is used to promote a CRM ad, but such superior effect disappears as it turns to guilt appeal. According to these findings, this study suggests that marketers should consider the ¡§gender¡¨ of their brands before choosing an appropriate emotional appeal in the CRM ad to reach their goals.

I situate Škvorecký’s novel as both a primary document in the historical record of transitional justice and as a literary creation in the author’s larger oeuvre. In creating this work of autobiographical fiction, Škvorecký deals with the ambiguities of a tumultuous historico-political moment and creates an appropriately complex work of art. I combine social science research with close-reading of the text in the tradition of new historicism. In the introduction I explain the historico-political background, specifically transitional justice and lustration in Czech Republic in the early 1990s, that engendered Two Murders. In my first chapter, I examine the book reviews, Czech and English, that appeared following the two language-respective publications of Two Murders. In the remaining three chapters I present my analysis of the novel based on close-reading and applied historical information. Chapters two and three discuss different but interconnected manifestations of distance. Chapter two examines memory as the temporal distance of the mind, while chapter three explores exile as spatial distance. Škvorecký invests memory and exile with enormous significance, and uses both concepts to depict his characters’ isolation. In the final chapter, I discuss rumor and reputation in the novel’s two distinct story-lines, demonstrating how they come together to create a cohesive artistic work. Approaching the novel as both a historical document and a work of art, I hope to critically examine this complicated historical moment and appraise Škvorecký’s contribution to the post-communist Czech dialogue. / text

This is a work of moral psychology in the course of which is presented a theory on the nature of guilt. The point of departure is a psychological phenomenon that I call “scrupulousness.” Scrupulousness is present when someone is in doubt about the morality of a minor past action. He or she is obsessively driven to determine whether his act was right or wrong. The result for the individual is vexing preoccupation in a cycle of internal casuistry. I explain this unhappy phenomenon as the result of anxiety over guilt understood as moral staining. A moral stain is a persistent residue adhering to the self created by a past wrongful action. To better explain moral stains, I borrow Christine Korsgaard’s theory of personal identity as constituted by one’s choices. With the aid of Korsgaard’s theory, I then consider how a belief in guilt as moral staining accounts for the worry of the scrupulous person. The Postscript of the Report first considers whether scrupulousness is justified by the explanation I have furnished. I answer this question in the negative. I also consider how anticipation of scrupulous worry could drive a person away from morally ambiguous situations, sometimes preventing him from taking the correct course of action in a form of “moral cowardice.” The Postscript secondly explains the significance of investigating scrupulousness and moral staining for philosophers. I argue that moral staining captures important aspects of the phenomenology of guilt and that it correctly accounts for the reality of guilt as more than a mere psychological state or feeling. To exhibit these strengths of the moral staining view, I compare and criticize Herbert Morris’ prominent model of guilt as consisting in the severance of valued relationships. / text

No description available.

This study examined links between antisocial behaviour, moral emotions (i.e., sympathy and guilt), and negative emotionality in an ethnically diverse sample of 4- and 8-year-old children (N = 79). Primary caregivers reported their children’s antisocial behaviour, sympathy, and negative emotionality through a questionnaire and across a 10-day span via daily diary entries (n = 474 records). In a semi-structured interview, children reported their sympathy levels and guilt feelings. Children with high guilt in harm contexts and low negative emotionality were rated as less antisocial in both questionnaire and diary reports. For children with low guilt in exclusion contexts, low sympathy ratings predicted higher questionnaire-reported antisocial behaviour. For children with high guilt in prosocial omission contexts, high sympathy ratings predicted lower diary-reported antisocial behaviour. Lastly, high sympathy ratings predicted lower questionnaire-reported antisocial behaviour for children with low negative emotionality.

Magistro baigiamojo darbo tikslas – atliekant baudžiamosios teisės doktrinos bei teismų praktikos analizę, pateikti svarbiausius nužudymo teisinio reguliavimo ypatumus, nustatyti ir atskleisti dažniausiai iškilančias nužudymo kvalifikavimo problemas, bei atsižvelgiant į atliktą analizę pateikti informatyvias išvadas. Įgyvendinant iškeltus magistrinio darbo uždavinius, naudotasi šiuo mokslinio tyrimo metodų kompleksu: sisteminės ir dokumentų analizės, lyginamuoju, apibendrinimo. Darbą sudaro įvadas, trys skyriai, kurie skirstomi į smulkesnius poskyrius bei išvados. Pirmoje darbo dalyje pateikiamas bendrasis nusikaltimų žmogaus gyvybei apibūdinimas, apimantis nužudymo sampratos analizę, kurios išsamus atskleidimas nebūtų įmanomas neaptarus pagrindinius nužudymo požymius bei jo atskiras rūšis, tiek nacionalinės, tiek atskirų užsienio valstybių bei tarptautinės teisės kontekste. Antroje darbo dalyje išnagrinėjamos opiausios problemos kvalifikuojant nužudymą, kurios yra susijusios su objektyviųjų nusikaltimo sudėties požymių nustatymu, t. y., priežastinio ryšio nustatinėjimo bei grupinio nužudymo problematika. Trečioje dalyje pateikiami nužudymo kvalifikavimo momentai, susiję su nužudymo subjektyviaisiais požymiais. Pagrindinis dėmesys skiriamas kaltės turinio nustatymo problematikai. / This Master's Thesis identifies and discloses major practical problems of qualifying criminal acts taking into account the analysis of the informative findings and following the doctrine of Criminal Law and relevant Case Law. The following complex of the scientific research methods was employed upon realising the raised tasks of the Work: systemic and documentary analysis, comparative and summation. This Master’s Thesis consists of an introduction, three chapters with are divided into smaller subdivisions and conclusions. The first part is a general description of crimes against human life presented, comprising analysis of the concept of crimes against human life in the context of national law, laws of individual foreign states and international law as well. The second part is analysis practical problems related to the identifying of objective features of murders. These are causation, complicity committing murder and problems of their proof in courts practice. The third part is analysis practical problems related to the identifying of subjective features of murders. The Study concentrates on the analysis of the content of guilt.

This study examined links between antisocial behaviour, moral emotions (i.e., sympathy and guilt), and negative emotionality in an ethnically diverse sample of 4- and 8-year-old children (N = 79). Primary caregivers reported their children’s antisocial behaviour, sympathy, and negative emotionality through a questionnaire and across a 10-day span via daily diary entries (n = 474 records). In a semi-structured interview, children reported their sympathy levels and guilt feelings. Children with high guilt in harm contexts and low negative emotionality were rated as less antisocial in both questionnaire and diary reports. For children with low guilt in exclusion contexts, low sympathy ratings predicted higher questionnaire-reported antisocial behaviour. For children with high guilt in prosocial omission contexts, high sympathy ratings predicted lower diary-reported antisocial behaviour. Lastly, high sympathy ratings predicted lower questionnaire-reported antisocial behaviour for children with low negative emotionality.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor som vårdar svårt sjuka döende patienter konfronteras dagligen av sorg, frustration och svårvärderade symtom, där även etiska och kulturella aspekter ingår. I en allt mer personcentrerad och mångkulturell vårdmiljö ökar förväntningar och krav på sjuksköterskans yrkeskunskap. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att belysa etiopiska sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av patienters uttryck för skuld och skam i palliativ hemsjukvård i Addis Ababa, Etiopien, samt illustrera efterföljande omvårdnadshandlingar. Metod: Studien baseras på sjuksköterskors erfarenheter. Fokusgruppsdata insamlades under våren 2013, i Addis Ababa i Etiopien. Ljudinspelad data transkriberades och analyserades med stöd av kvalitativ systematisk textkondensering.  Resultat: Sjuksköterskornas erfarenheter visar att skuld- och skamkänslor i samband med obotlig sjukdom hör nära samman med tidigare livshandlingar. Skuld-och skamkänslor kunde enligt sjuksköterskorna vara såväl kulturellt som individuellt betingat. Kval sågs ibland leda till social och existentiell isolering.  Sjuksköterskans roll var bekräftande och stödjande.  Slutsats: I den här studien visar Etiopiska sjuksköterskors erfarenheter att svårt sjuka och döende patienter uttrycker skuld-och skamkänslor som kan leda till isolering. Sjuksköterskors medvetenhet om existentiella kval ur kulturella perspektiv kan främja en personcentrerad omvårdnad vid livets slut. / Background: Nurses who care for terminally ill and dying patients are daily confronted with underlying emotions such as grief and frustration including ethical and cultural dimensions. In a more person-centered, multicultural healthcare environment, the expectations and demands on nurses' professional knowledge increases. Aim: The purpose of this study is to elucidate Ethiopian nurses' experiences of patients expressions of guilt and shame in palliative care in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and to illustrate subsequent nursing actions. Methods: The study is based on nurses' experiences. Focus group data were collected during the spring of 2013, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Recorded audio data was transcribed and analyzed in accordance with qualitative systematic text condensation. Results: Nurses' experiences show that guilt and shame associated with incurable disease is closely related to past life deeds. Nurses' reported that patients often interpret diseases to their life choices and actions. Guilt and shame could, according to the nurses be both culturally and individually determined. The agony was sometimes seen to lead to social and existential isolation. The nurses’ role was confirmatory and supportive. Conclusions: This study shows Ethiopian nurses' experiences to seriously ill and dying patients expressing guilt and shame that can lead to isolation. Nurses' awareness of existential agony from the cultural perspective can promote a person-centered care at the end of life.