In this thesis, an internal mobile phone antenna with a distributed matching circuit for eight-band LTE/WWAN operation is presented. By selecting proper dimensions of the distributed matching circuit, the bandwidth of the proposed antenna can be greatly enhanced. Good radiation characteristics are also obtained, and the proposed antenna occupies only 60 ¡Ñ 10 ¡Ñ 3 mm^3 and is very suitable for slim mobile phone applications. Effects of the human body including user¡¦s head and hand are also studied, and the SAR and HAC issues are simulated and analyzed in this thesis.

對於企業評價通常需要採取四個重要的步驟。首先是了解公司的實質營運狀況，包括對於公司的產業、競爭地位與公司策略。這些產業的資訊會結合公司的財部報表去推斷未來的公司營運。其次是根據過去的來估公司盈收能力以及財務狀況。第三，因為在台灣缺乏夠多的相似公司來做比較所以本研究採取自由現金流量折線模式來做股東權益的評價。如果對於公司能夠有深入的了解可以幫助評價的品質。最後是根據產業分析以及企業評價作出經營或是投資的決定，以增加個案公司未來的價值。 在本論文中提出一企業評價架構，而個案公司以此一架構來驗證其正確性。共有六個關鍵的區塊來實踐此一架構，其中包含了產業分析、會計報表分析、財務分析、競爭策略分析、預測未來營運以及企業評價等。值得注意的事，這六個區塊彼此相互影響。 本研究的企業評價最主要的應用為選擇股票，股票分析師在市場中，希望根據本身公司股價或是其他相似公司的股價，找出被正確、高估或是低估的股票。企業評價的工具更可以用來評估公司的重大營運決定，例如購併、收購、部門撤資、部門分割、管理買下以及槓桿買下。此外一個關心股東權益價值最大化的公司也可以利用此一評價工具評估其他的策略替代方案。 / For business valuation, there are four necessary steps to undertake. These steps include that the underlying business of the firm must be understood comprehensively first. This involves evaluating industry prospects, competitive position, and corporate strategies. The information is used together with financial statement analysis to forecast performance. Next, company earning power will be estimated based on historical performance and adopted strategy within the competitive environment including forecasts of sales, earnings, and financial position. Third, in this study the DCF model is chosen to evaluate the equity value due to lack of similar companies available in Taiwan. An in-depth understanding of the business and an ability to forecast the performance of a company help determine the quality of valuation efforts. Finally, based on the analysis of industry and business valuation, some investment or business decisions can be undertaken to improve the future values of the case company. The architecture of implement the business valuation is proposed in this study. The case company is employed to verify the validity of this architecture. There are six major function block to construct this architecture, including industry analysis, accounting analysis, financial analysis, competitive strategy analysis, forecasting prospective performance and business valuation. It is noted that these function blocks influence one anther. Industry analysis is the beginning of valuation in this architecture. Stock selection is the primary application of the business valuation presented in this study. Equity analysts attempt to identify securities as fairly valued, overvalued, or undervalued in the market, relative to either their own market price or the prices of comparable securities. Valuation tools can be used to assess the impact of corporate events such as mergers, acquisitions, divestitures, spin-offs, MBOs, or LBOs. In addition, the company concerned with maximizing shareholder value must evaluate the impact of alternative strategies on share value.

Terminal localization for indoor Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) is critical for the deployment of location-aware computing inside of buildings. The purpose of this research work is not to develop a novel WLAN terminal location estimation technique or algorithm, but rather to tackle challenges in survey data collection and in calibration of multiple mobile terminal Received Signal Strength (RSS) data. Three major challenges are addressed in this thesis: first, to decrease the influence of outliers introduced in the distance measurements by Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) propagation when a ultrasonic sensor network is used for data collection; second, to obtain high localization accuracy in the presence of fluctuations of the RSS measurements caused by multipath fading; and third, to determine an automated calibration method to reduce large variations in RSS levels when different mobile devices need to be located. In this thesis, a robust window function is developed to mitigate the influence of outliers in survey terminal localization. Furthermore, spatial filtering of the RSS signals to reduce the effect of the distance-varying portion of noise is proposed. Two different survey point geometries are tested with the noise reduction technique: survey points arranged in sets of tight clusters and survey points uniformly distributed over the network area. Finally, an affine transformation is introduced as RSS calibration method between mobile devices to decrease the effect of RSS level variation and an automated calibration procedure based on the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is developed. The results show that the mean distance error in the survey terminal localization is well within an acceptable range for data collection. In addition, when the spatial averaging noise reduction filter is used the location accuracy improves by 16% and by 18% when the filter is applied to a clustered survey set as opposed to a straight-line survey set. Lastly, the location accuracy is within 2m when an affine function is used for RSS calibration and the automated calibration algorithm converged to the optimal transformation parameters after it was iterated for 11 locations.

Plusieurs standards de téléphonie mobile ont été définis et sont utilisés actuellement. Dans un avenir proche, avec le développement de la 5G de nouveaux standards et de nouvelles bandes de fréquence faire leur apparition. De ce fait, avec l'utilisation de nombreux circuits dédiés à un standard et donc à une bande de fréquence, des difficultés d'intégration et desproblèmes de coûts apparaissent. Il est donc devenu nécessaire pour les concepteurs de proposer des circuits intégrés reconfigurables pour plusieurs gammes de fréquences avec des modes de fonctionnement différents.Dans un système d'émetteur récepteur, le duplexeur permet l'établissement d'une communication simultanée en utilisant une seule antenne pour la transmission et la réception de données, sans que celles-ci soient corrompues. C'est un composant vital, surtout pour la chaine de réception car la réception du signal désiré dépend de ses caractéristiques. Ce dispositif est conçu sur du matériau piézoélectrique, qui ne permet pas d'obtenir un filtre agile en fonction de la fréquence. Dans ce contexte, il est intéressant de rechercher une nouvelle architecture de duplexeur, permettant une réalisation intégrée et un fonctionnement agile.Plusieurs architectures de duplexeur ont été retenues en se basant sur des études récentes menées dans différentes équipes de recherche. Un classement de ces architectures a été proposé, avec des améliorations pour les rendre intégrables et reconfigurables. Parmi toutes les solutions de duplexeurs passifs étudiées, le duplexeur à coupleur hybride 3dB est unesolution permettant d'obtenir des performances attractives. Les simulations pour différentes bandes de fréquences ont montré qu’il était difficile de respecter les spécifications de l’isolation Tx/Rx. Des solutions possibles ont été présentées et des modifications de la structure d'un amplificateur du LNA ont été évaluées en simulation. Ainsi, les performancesd’isolation peuvent être améliorées grâce à des structures actives d’annulation du signal résiduel Tx.La conception, la réalisation et le test de coupleurs hybrides et duplexeurs sont présentés. Le circuit a été implémenté en utilisant la technologie SOI 0.13 micromètre de ST Microelectronics et mesuré avec un boitier BT soudé sur un support de test PCB. Les performances RF du duplexeur peuvent être ajustées en fonction de la bande de fréquence désirée grâce aux capacités commutées. Les performances RF du coupleur hybride 3dB permettent d’envisager l’application de la structure proposée pour les futurs développements de systèmes de téléphonie. / Several standards have been defined and are currently used on mobile phones. With the high request for the broadband, several new standards are developed and introduced in 5G. This results in the use of many circuits, dedicated to one standard and thus one frequency band, which increase the difficulty of integrating these dedicated circuits and therefore costly. It hasbecome necessary for designers to propose tunable integrated circuit that can address several frequency ranges with different operating modes.The duplexer allows the establishment of simultaneous communications, using a single antenna for sending and receiving data, without any interferences. It is a vital component, especially for receiver. In fact, the quality of the received signal depends greatly on the duplexer characteristics. This device is designed on the piezoelectric material, which does not allow to achieve a tunable filter according to the frequency. In this context, it seems interesting to study a new architecture of duplexer. Therefore, it is necessary to define the duplexer function based on studies and system simulations, thus identify the constraints and technology limitations. Several duplexer architectures were selected based on recent studies in different research teams.A classification of these architectures was proposed and also improvements to make them integrated and tunable. Among all the solutions studied, the duplexer using hybrid 3dB coupler shown the most attractive performance. Simulations for different frequency bands showed that it's difficult to achieve Tx/Rx isolation requirements. Different solutions have been presented and LNA structure have been changed and thus evaluated by simulations. Thanks to that, the Tx/Rx isolation can be improved through active cancellation structures.The final chapter presents the design, implementation and testing of hybrid 3dB coupler and duplexer. It has been implemented using SOI 0.13 micrometer from ST Microelectronics and tested on BT-resin substrat. The RF performance of the duplexer can be corrected according to the desired frequency band through the switched capacitor. The RF performance of the hybrid 3dB coupler is in the line with expectations and allows to consider its integration in future system developments.

行動上網技術的成熟，為行動上網市場提供了良好的發展環境，吾人認為第三代行動通信業者的行動上網定價模式也扮演了關鍵的催化劑角色。 本研究主要是探討台灣第三代行動通信業者在訂定行動上網服務定價模式時，對於內、外部因素的考量，並進一步了解其現有定價模式與內、外部考量因素的關聯性，以期能為行動上網服務定價模式找到新的方向。 本研究之研究問題有三: 1. 影響3G營運商行動上網服務定價模式之主要因素為何? 2. 3G營運商在訂定行動上網服務定價模式的主要考量因素為何? 3. 3G營運商行動上網服務現有定價模式的訂定與考量因素的關聯性為何? 本研究透過深度訪談與相關的次級資料蒐集與彙整分析後，獲得以下六個結論。 1.用戶數成長、營收成長、網路建設成本還有手機補貼是影響電信公司行動上網服務定價模式的內部因素。 2.寡占市場結構與回應競爭者是影響電信公司行動上網服務定價模式的外部因素。 3.用戶數成長還有營收成長是所有電信公司訂定定價模式時的主要的考量因素。 4.為了回應競爭者並與市場競爭，所有電信公司都是以單一費率定價模式搭配手機補貼來行銷行動上網。 5.兩段式與預付型定價模式是為了要達到提高用戶數成長的公司目標。 6.產品組合定價模式是為了要達成提高非語音營收成長的公司目標。

The main objectives of this research are to investigate and design low profile antennas for mobile handsets applications using the balanced concept. These antennas are considered to cover a wide range of wireless standards such as: DCS (1710¿1880 MHz), PCS (1850¿1990 MHz), UMTS (1920¿2170 MHz), WLAN (2400¿2500 MHz and 5000 ¿ 5800 MHz) and UWB frequency bands. Various antennas are implemented based on built-in planar dipole with a folded arm structure. The performance of several designed antennas in terms of input return loss, radiation patterns, radiation efficiency and power gain are presented and several remarkable results are obtained. The measurements confirm the theoretical design concept and show reasonable agreement with computations. The stability performance of the proposed antenna is also evaluated by analysing the current distribution on the mobile phone ground plane. The specific absorption rate (SAR) performance of the antenna is also studied experimentally by measuring antenna near field exposure. The measurement results are correlated with the calculated ones. A new dual-band balanced antenna using coplanar waveguide structure is also proposed, discussed and tested; this is intended to eliminate the balanced feed network. The predicted and measured results show good agreement, confirming good impedance bandwidth characteristics and excellent dual-band performance. In addition, a hybrid method to model the human body interaction with a dual band balanced antenna structure covering the 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz bands is presented. Results for several test cases of antenna locations on the body are presented and discussed. The near and far fields were incorporated to provide a full understanding of the impact on human tissue. The cumulative distribution function of the radiation efficiency and absorbed power are also evaluated. / UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)

Recent accessibility drives and price wars between the major South African (SA) cell phone companies suggest that the landscape for the adoption of mobile learning (m-learning) at the Higher Education Institution (HEI) level may be changing. As such, there is a need to gauge the current mobile readiness of students for m-learning. Mobile technology readiness refers to the extent to which students have access to mobile devices (not only handsets), and can afford data bundles that meet or exceed the requirements of a base set of currently available m-learning applications (Naicker and Van der Merwe 2012). Mobile operational readiness refers to students’ awareness of, attitude towards, support and training that is required for m-learning. This study conducted an assessment of the technology and operational readiness of students at a SA HEI. An in-depth literature survey was undertaken to delineate technology and operational readiness of students for m-learning. For technology readiness, an investigation was conducted on m- learning applications that are currently available and the technology requirements of these mobile applications. This was undertaken to determine the extent that the current student mobile handset profile match these requirements. The literature review also included a search for mobile opeeratratiioonnaall ffaactorctorss ssuuchch aass ssttuuddeennttss’’ aawwaarenerenessss ooff aanndd aattttiittuuddee ttoowwaarrddss mm--lleaearrnininngg as well as m-learning support and training that students require. The philosophical underpinning of this study was based on Activity Theory. The strategy of inquiry employed was a case study approach. Data was collected from students at the Durban University of Technology, a resident based SA HEI. A mixed methods data collection strategy was employed. The researcher used a field survey questionnaire as the primary research instrument to assess mobile technology and operational readiness. Focus group interviews were used as a secondary data gathering tool to triangulate and strengthen the results. The results were presented using descriptive and inferential statistics and were analyzed using the lens of activity theory. In terms of technology readiness, despite a high level of ownership and reasonable compliance with application requirements, data costs remain prohibitive. In assessing operational readiness, despite a positive attitude, the majority of the students require awareness, ongoing support and training. Several recommendations based on the findings are offered. For example, one of the findings showed that mobile connectivity affordability was low amongst students and it is recommended that the HEI work around exorbitant connectivity costs by combining m-learning technologies to form meaningful m-learning approaches at a minimum v cost. Another finding showed low awareness of m-learning at the HEI. A recommendation advanced to combat this finding is for the HEI to encourage and support dialogue among key stakeholders. This study concludes that any m-learning endeavour to implement m-learning at this HEI is bound to fail as only a small percentage of students are aware of m-learning and can afford data bundles to implement m-learning in its true sense. As an implication of this study to other HEI’s, the researcher suggests that regular mobile readiness surveys be conducted. / Science and Technology Education / M. A. (Information Systems)

The main objectives of this research are to investigate and design low profile antennas for mobile handsets applications using the balanced concept. These antennas are considered to cover a wide range of wireless standards such as: DCS (1710-1880 MHz), PCS (1850-1990 MHz), UMTS (1920-2170 MHz), WLAN (2400-2500 MHz and 5000-5800 MHz) and UWB frequency bands. Various antennas are implemented based on built-in planar dipole with a folded arm structure. The performance of several designed antennas in terms of input return loss, radiation patterns, radiation efficiency and power gain are presented and several remarkable results are obtained. The measurements confirm the theoretical design concept and show reasonable agreement with computations. The stability performance of the proposed antenna is also evaluated by analysing the current distribution on the mobile phone ground plane. The specific absorption rate (SAR) performance of the antenna is also studied experimentally by measuring antenna near field exposure. The measurement results are correlated with the calculated ones. A new dual-band balanced antenna using coplanar waveguide structure is also proposed, discussed and tested; this is intended to eliminate the balanced feed network. The predicted and measured results show good agreement, confirming good impedance bandwidth characteristics and excellent dual-band performance. In addition, a hybrid method to model the human body interaction with a dual band balanced antenna structure covering the 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz bands is presented. Results for several test cases of antenna locations on the body are presented and discussed. The near and far fields were incorporated to provide a full understanding of the impact on human tissue. The cumulative distribution function of the radiation efficiency and absorbed power are also evaluated.

Recent accessibility drives and price wars between the major South African (SA) cell phone companies suggest that the landscape for the adoption of mobile learning (m-learning) at the Higher Education Institution (HEI) level may be changing. As such, there is a need to gauge the current mobile readiness of students for m-learning. Mobile technology readiness refers to the extent to which students have access to mobile devices (not only handsets), and can afford data bundles that meet or exceed the requirements of a base set of currently available m-learning applications (Naicker and Van der Merwe 2012). Mobile operational readiness refers to students’ awareness of, attitude towards, support and training that is required for m-learning. This study conducted an assessment of the technology and operational readiness of students at a SA HEI. An in-depth literature survey was undertaken to delineate technology and operational readiness of students for m-learning. For technology readiness, an investigation was conducted on m- learning applications that are currently available and the technology requirements of these mobile applications. This was undertaken to determine the extent that the current student mobile handset profile match these requirements. The literature review also included a search for mobile opeeratratiioonnaall ffaactorctorss ssuuchch aass ssttuuddeennttss’’ aawwaarenerenessss ooff aanndd aattttiittuuddee ttoowwaarrddss mm--lleaearrnininngg as well as m-learning support and training that students require. The philosophical underpinning of this study was based on Activity Theory. The strategy of inquiry employed was a case study approach. Data was collected from students at the Durban University of Technology, a resident based SA HEI. A mixed methods data collection strategy was employed. The researcher used a field survey questionnaire as the primary research instrument to assess mobile technology and operational readiness. Focus group interviews were used as a secondary data gathering tool to triangulate and strengthen the results. The results were presented using descriptive and inferential statistics and were analyzed using the lens of activity theory. In terms of technology readiness, despite a high level of ownership and reasonable compliance with application requirements, data costs remain prohibitive. In assessing operational readiness, despite a positive attitude, the majority of the students require awareness, ongoing support and training. Several recommendations based on the findings are offered. For example, one of the findings showed that mobile connectivity affordability was low amongst students and it is recommended that the HEI work around exorbitant connectivity costs by combining m-learning technologies to form meaningful m-learning approaches at a minimum cost. Another finding showed low awareness of m-learning at the HEI. A recommendation advanced to combat this finding is for the HEI to encourage and support dialogue among key stakeholders. This study concludes that any m-learning endeavour to implement m-learning at this HEI is bound to fail as only a small percentage of students are aware of m-learning and can afford data bundles to implement m-learning in its true sense. As an implication of this study to other HEI’s, the researcher suggests that regular mobile readiness surveys be conducted. / Science and Technology Education / M. Sc. (Information Systems)

本研究的個案是系統單晶片企業，系統單晶片是電子系統的核心，因此該企業對於下游電子產品的發展扮演著舉足輕重的角色，是積體電路產業價值鍊最高價值的一環。本研究的主要目的是藉著一個極為成功的系統單晶片設計公司的成長軌跡與其相關的產業歷史，透過還原當時的時空環境了解並分析其經營策略的本質，以建立適合系統單晶片設計公司之經營策略本質的分析架構，同時實證其分析的結果，藉以尋求其研究問題「後進者的成功經營策為何?」的解答，並從個案企業的歷史中找出常被忽略的寶貴的經營智慧，而另一目的是能夠藉著收集具有時間標記的經營事件，提供豐富的研究素材給有興趣系統單晶片設計產業做更進一步或其他主題的研究。 一開始的動機是為了解答「後進者的成功經營策為何?」這個問題，但研究之後發現這是一個很有可能沒有通用解的問題，因此本研究轉從「策略本質的思考」出發，試著從個案公司的各個不同系統單晶片產品及其下游相關的產業的事件中，進行分析、推理、歸納與實證所關心的議題，其中個案分析主要包括四個產業：（一）光碟機產業；（二）DVD播放機產業；（三）數位電視機產業；（四）手機產業。其中每一個產業的故事都以某一個案的企業發展為中心，以時間的先後呈現，描述當時的產業環境、企業狀態、決策的因果關係，以及如何執行與執行結果。為了解答「後進者的成功經營策為何?」這個的大問題，同時從個案的分析與理論推論研究，從不同方向的思考並嚴謹的歸納與分析提出以下的研究發現：（一）從行銷理論分析策略本質；（二）以利潤方程式分析策略本質；（三）SOC晶片訂價策略；（四）從動態能耐的架構分析策略本質；（五）後進者的經營策略；（六）成長與新產品選擇的策略；(七)經營智慧的闡述。希望能提供企業經營者策略思考的架構，而建構出適合自己的經營策略。 本研究藉著邱志聖「行銷理論」中產品的「外顯」與「內隱」之價值分析方法，發展出「（一）從行銷理論分析策略本質」之研究發現中一系列的理論，並以此為基礎，輔助論證其他的研究發現，再根據「利潤彈性」的定義，提出可以以嚴謹的數學証明的一系列有關訂價的創新的理論，以此為基礎進而提出「（三）SOC晶片訂價策略」，再藉著「（四）從動態能耐的架構分析策略本質」的個案研究，發現組織的能耐與低成本優勢有的強烈的相關性，整合以上相關的研究發現，進而提出「（五）後進者的經營策略」，以創新「先進者支援的兩難」理論為切入點，並根據以上研究的結論，提出「後進者的成功經營策為何?」的參考解答。當企業成功之後，必然會面臨成長的困境，因此本研究從個案的深入分析，提出所應採取的「（六）成長與新產品選擇的策略」，以及最後提醒經營者一些知易行難的「(七)經營智慧的闡述」。 根據TEEC的「動態能耐」的理論，企業的策略深受「路徑相依性」的影響，且當不同企業的內部狀態或外部環境不同時其所需的策略也不一樣，因此後進者僅採用模仿的策略是不易成功，所以企業必需要思索適合自身的策略，並透過策略本質的分析，檢驗其策略是否有效，然而任何策略分析的方法都有其盲點，因 此分析或擬定策略時要依據競爭對手與產業特性選數種適合分析的架構進行分析，才能夠互相印證與互補，並思考其矛盾之處以避免致命的盲點，因此本論文提出專為系統單晶片設計企業策略本質的思考之架構以檢驗其策略有效性。 / The System on Chip (SOC) is the core of the electric system of an electric end product. Therefore, the firms that design and produce the SOC play the critical role in the development of the end product and contribute the most valuable part in the IC industry chain. The purposes of this paper are to develope the strategies and wisdoms of management as well as the frame structure for analyzing the essence of management strategies for the late comer. In the case study, there are the companies have been very successful in the world. In the cases, there are a lot of time-marked traces of the growth of the successful firm and its related industry history so that we can clarify what and why the strategies were executed at that time by analyzing the sequences of the management decisions and their consequences. Additionally, I hope the case stories can be utilized for the further research or another related research. Initially in this research we focused only on the topic of the question“What are the effective management strategies for the late comer”. However, after further studies we found that the general answers for the big question might not exit; therefore, we adjusted the research direction and converted to focus on the topic of the essence of the analysis of the management strategies. In the studied case, there are four different kinds of SOC products including optic storage chip, DVD player chip, digital TV chip and handset chip and their related industries. In the story of each product case, the main stream of the story keeps close track of the situation of the management decisions making, the status of the execution by the studied firms and their consequences in timing sequence so that the evolution of the environment of the firms and the industries can be shown clearly. To study for the answer of the big question “What are the effective management strategies for the late comer”, firstly we analyze the cases and simultaneously study the related theories. Secondly we transform the big question into the following seven research subtopics: (1) Analyzing the essence of the management strategies based on the marketing promotion theory, (2) Analyzing the essence of the management strategies by the net profit, (3) Pricing strategies for the SOC products, (4) Analyzing the essence of the management strategies by the perspective of the“Dynamic capabilities”, (5) Management strategies for the late comer, (6) Strategies for the growth and new products selection, and (7) Wisdom of management. Finally, we hope this thesis can provide managers with the frame structure for both thinking and analyzing the strategies so that managers can develop the best strategies for themselves. There are some kinds of logical relation among the theories developed in the above subtopics. The foundation of theories of“Analyzing the essence of the management strategies”is the value proposition that bases on the analysis of the explicit value and implicit value in the marketing promotion theory. Theories of“Analyzing the essence of the management strategies”are one of the most fundamental pillars that support the other theories in this thesis. According to the definition of elasticity of net profit in this thesis, we can deduce some innovative and valuable theories by the rigid mathematical reasoning. Furthermore, we can develop the innovative theories “(3) Pricing strategies for the SOC product”. In addition to developing the above theories, we apply the theory of “Dynamic capabilities” to analyze the strategies in the case stories to find the effective cost advantage is supported by the capabilities of organization with effectiveness and efficiency. We integrate the above theories to propose “(5) Management strategies for the late comer”. A firm will eventually confront the saturation of the growth after its successful startup. To solve this issue, we base on the deep investigation of the cases and some theories developed in this thesis, we propose “(6) Strategies for growth as well as new products selection”. Finally from the case stories, we abstract some both valuable and critical wisdoms that are easy understood but they are hard to be practiced due to the human natural weakness. According to “Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management” by TEECE, the strategies for a firm strongly depend on the path that the firm has experienced, thus the imitative strategies from its rival is usually not effective just because their paths they passed are different, not to mention that neither their environments nor the conditions of the firms are totally different. Therefore, a firm works out any strategies and then its managers have to carefully check the effectiveness of the strategies by analyzing their essence of the strategies and then modify them before they are executed. However, any framework for analyzing strategy has its blindspots. To avoid the strategic blindspots, we have to use several different and suitable frameworks to analyze the strategies, and then check if there are any conflicts among the results from different frameworks analyzing, we have to deliberate to find why and how to solve the conflicts. Therefore, we develop a new frame work that appropriately analyzes the strategies of both the SOC firm-level and their products with a totally different perspective