Abstract Kaohsiung Harbor is one of the most important international sea ports in the world. Due to the long-standing lack of in-situ current data, the complex variations of the flow field in this basin still remain unclear. As a consequence, the related environmental problems such as oil spills, water quality management and ship maneuvering safety , have long been a great concern in this harbor. The present study is conducted to better understand the flow field in the Kaohsiung Harbor. A series of synoptic flow observations of the Kaohsiung Harbor were conducted by using towed-ADCP or EM current meters. From these observations it can be shown that the flow field of the Kaohsiung Harbor is¡GWater entering the harbor through the second entrance and exiting the harbor through the first entrance during ebbs. During floods the flows are reversed. A 3-D numerical model (from POM) is developed for the Kaohsiung Harbor. The flows are more complicated by the M2 tide driven than by the mixed tide driven. From the results by the M2 tide driven show the ocean current is variable, especially the south ocean current. Therefore, the flows are more complicated owing to the mixed tidal characteristics and shoreline geometry. The maximum current speeds amount to 30 - 40 cm/s in the narrow first entrance and 10 - 20 cm/s in the second entrance. It is clearly demonstrated from the model results that drainage from the Chien-Chen River affects greatly the salinity and circulation patterns of the Kaohsiung Harbor, causing the salinity of the first entrance to be lower than that of the second entrance, and the surface layers flowing outward toward the ocean while the lower layers displaying tidal oscillations. From the modeling results, the influence of the wind on the harbor flows is insignificant and the tide is main force in the harbor. Under the simultaneous forcing of river and wind, flood and ebb tidal streams leaving the two entrances are found to diverge in a flow stagnation area inside the harbor near Pier 45 and 61, respectively. Based on the modeling results, it can be concluded that the main factors affecting the flow patterns of the Kaohsiung Harbor are (1) mixed tidal nature, (2) shoreline geometry and (3) river runoff

The fiercer competition among international harbors drives every port to reinforce operation efficiency to attract carriers and to develop competition strategies to grow competence. In those years, Kaohsiung Harbor has slumped from the third to the fifth largest carrier harbor in the world. It is the overall symptom of competition risks for seaports in Taiwan. The severe situation, though, it is exactly what we can strive to revert the declining trend. Facing this topic composed of dynamic complexities, we can leverage systematic deliberation and dynamic simulation to revamp the status quo structure and create beneficial behavior model. In this thesis, we adopt system dynamics to build up a typical dynamic harbor model to dig out the crucial facets key to the growth of an international seaport and henceforth serve for basis of the decision-making. The main conclusions of this research are as follows: 1.The four facets that influence the development of a harbor are ¡§The economic strength of the hinterland,¡¨ ¡§The completeness of the harbor facilities, whether the construction of the harbor can keep in pace with the volume of containers,¡¨ ¡§The openness of the harbor,¡¨ ¡§The superiority of the geographic location.¡¨ 2.Whatever the import, export, or even transfer, the rate policy of a harbor will help little to the growth of the volume of containers with the other conditions unchanged. The disastrous effect of rate slash will be revenue decline; keeping volume while losing profit. In the long term, it will become a viscous circle. The freedom policy will be far more important than rate policy according to our policy analysis. 3.If the construction progress of wharfs can be in pace with the growth of enterprises, it will lower the interference between each other, reduce inefficient investment, and increase inter-stability. It¡¦s therefore the more accurate estimation of the growth of a harbor, the less disturbance effected by the other loops.

Simulation models based on the elliptic mild or steep slope wave equation are frequently used to estimate wave properties needed for the engineering calculations of harbors. To increase the practical applicability of such models, a method is developed to include the effects of rubble mound structures that may be present along the sides of entrance channels into harbors. The results of this method are found to match those of other mathematical models (i.e. parabolic approximation & three-dimensional solution) under appropriate conditions, but they also deviate from results of parabolic approximations in some cases because dissipation can create angular scattering. Comparison with hydraulic model data also shows that this approach is useful for designing pocket wave absorbers that are used to reduce wave heights in entrance channels.

After the opening and reform in 1978, Mainland China has undergone economic development for 30 years and is currently the fourth largest economic body in the world. Taiwan, on the other hand, has not been able to response actively and began industrial distribution when faced with the impact of the rise of China. Taiwan adopted a closed-door policy that caused the migration of industries and resulted in hollowing-out and marginalization. This phenomenon is particularly serious in Kaohsiung that is dominated by traditional industry that caused steady high unemployment rates. After the new government took office, the interactions between the straits became frequent, and that created a valuable development opportunity for Kaohsiung. This study takes the integrated framework for public affairs management to analyze the difficulties encountered in the development of Kaohsiung. With ¡§Strategy of Cross-Strait Harbor City Cooperation to Promote Talent Development in Kaohsiung in Response to Direct Flight ¡¨ as the research topic, this study utilizes interactive management (IM) to conduct rational debates from various perspectives. After two discussions, 12 strategies were concluded and their implementation order has been conducted through interpretative structural mode (ISM). The strategies are as follows: The Kaohsiung City Government shall: 1. Establish the ¡§Mainland China Affairs Office¡¨ to be responsible for talents in China to study or work in Taiwan; 2. Amend or establish relevant laws and regulations on the cross-strait exchange; 3. Consolidate the investment of private business to improve the performance of school in order to cultivate local talents through school performance while recruiting talents from China; 4. Lift laws and regulations to utilize public manpower and organization flexibly; The schools shall: 5. Establish departments and research projects regarding harbor city development; 6. Recruit internationally renowned scholars to conduct short-term courses in higher education; 7. Organize relevant workshops for teachers to understand the background and policy of cultural exchange across the straits; The government and the private sector may: 8. Establish a certification mechanism to recognize degrees across the straits; 9. Plan and establish a perfect science park; 10. Include professionals from China into the scope of the current foreign workers for special professions or technical assignments; 11. Provide attractive incentives to attract professionals and students from China to Kaohsiung; To accomplish the goal: 12. Provide attractive incentives to attract business to establish operational headquarters in Kaohsiung in order to promote the development of Kaohsiung. This study also examines 1. The view on establishing offices in Kaohsiung and the major cities in China such as Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, etc. to reinforce the marketing of cities and conduct cross-strait harbor city cooperation; 2. How the Kaohsiung City Government attracts tourists from China; and 3. How the Kaohsiung City Government shall prepare to respond to the opening of the cross-strait relations. Through expert interviews, this study aims to provide substantial and feasible strategic recommendations.

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2003. / "MBA professional report"--Cover. Thesis advisor(s): Kevin Gue, Kenneth Doerr. Includes bibliographical references (p. 27). Also available online.

Den 7 december 1941 genomförde japanska flygstridskrafter ett massivt bombanfall mot Pearl Harbor. Intentionen med anfallet var att slå ut den amerikanska Stillahavsflottan och därmed erhålla större inflytanade i Stillahavsområdet. Anfallen riktades huvudsakligen mot amerikanska fartyg som låg vid Pearl Harbors hamn men även flygfält i dess närområde drabbades hårt av den japanska offensiven. Syftet med detta arbete är att, med utgångpunkt från John. A Warden III centrala teorier; tyngdpunkter, fienden som ett system och parallell attack, analysera Japans agerande under attacken mot Pearl Harbor för att därigenom urskilja i vilken utsträckning dessa teorier kan tillämpas på de japanska flygstridskrafterna vid anfallet. Undersökningen syftar även till att utröna om de utvalda teorierna är applicerbara på taktisk nivå. Arbetet genomförs som en teoriprövande fallstudie där Wardens teorier prövas mot det autentiska fallet. Undersökningens slutsatser åskådliggör att de japanska flygstridskrafterna använde Wardens teorier till viss del. Teorierna tyngdpunkter och parallell attack går tydligt att återfinna i Japans agerande, dock tillämpades teorin fienden som ett system enbart i mindre utsträckning. Undersökningen visar även att det är möjligt att tillämpa utvalda teorier på taktisk nivå.

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been contaminating the marine environment since the mid 2Oth Century and continue to do so today. The polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are of particular concern, since they are found at high concentrations in marine mammals throughout the Northern Hemisphere, and have been associated with endocrine disruption, reproductive impairment, immunotoxicity, and outbreaks of disease. In this study, samples were obtained from free-ranging harbour seal (Phoca vituilna) pups, which were live-captured in British Columbia, Canada, and Washington State, USA, in order to assess adverse health effects associated with POPs on the immune system of these mammals. PCBs were the most abundant of the 31 POPs measured in seals, and represented the greatest toxicological concern on the basis of established reference values for laboratory rodents and aquatic wildlife consumers. Seal immune function was assessed using traditional measures of immunotoxicity, including hematology, innate immune function, and adaptive immune function, and related to PCB concentrations while carefully controlling for confounding factors such as age, sex and condition. PCB concentrations negatively correlated to phagocytosis, T lymphocyte proliferative responses, (thymosin-a1-induced) lymphocyte signalling, and lymphocyte counts, and positively associated with the respiratory burst of phagocytes and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) expression of white blood cells, suggesting chemical-associated immunotoxicity. Parallel experiments, in which harbour seal white blood cells were exposed in vitro to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, a potent immunotoxicant, further supported the hypothesis that the observed reduction in immunocompetence in free-ranging seals may be due to an AhR-mediated mechanism of immunotoxicity. Principal component analysis (PCA) of immunological endpoints combined evidence of PCB-associated effects on the immune system as a whole. However, PCA also identified a difference between the immunological profiles of urban seals and those from remote sites, consistent with elevated pathogen abundance due to biological pollution at urban sites. In a second approach, PCB concentrations were related to concentrations of vitamin A and expression levels of its receptor, the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARa), which are known to be sensitive to PCB exposure. More contaminated seals were characterised by lower vitamin A concentrations in circulation and in the blubber, as well as higher RARa expression in the blubber. AhR expression and concentrations of thymosin-a1 (a thymic hormone important in lymphocyte development and immune function) did not relate to contaminants when their levels were investigated in seal tissues (blubber, skin), contrasting their sensitivity in white blood cells. These results implied that PCB-associated toxicity may be reflected if a biomarker represents a primary lesion, but might not be extrapolated among tissues in all cases. Secondly, although blubber represents the primary site of PCB storage, it is not necessarily the site of the highest toxicity. In summary, significant evidence of immunotoxicity and disruption of immune function-related biomarkers has been provided in a healthy group of free-ranging marine mammals which contributes to the weight of evidence that environmental contaminants may render marine mammal populations more vulnerable to disease through immunotoxicity. Immune function measures in free-ranging harbour seal pups exposed to contaminants in vivo, in combination with harbour seal white blood cells in vitro, furthermore suggested that immunotoxicity may take place through an AhR-mediated mechanism of action. An unexpected finding was the evidence of a second, independent, impact on the immune system of seals, consisting of biological pollution. The combination of both chemical and biological pollution, that would imply both diminished immune responses and increased pathogen loads, may represent the largest threat to the health of marine mammals in many parts of the world.

This thesis traces the origins of a colonized and militarized Hawai`i, ultimately leading to the years of military rule, 1941-1945. It examines the ways in which the Hawaiian Islands differed from the United States mainland prior to and throughout the war years, and demonstrates that Hawai`i's history is much richer than the "Remember Pearl Harbor" framework acknowledges. Focusing on long time residents (Islanders or locals), rather than on the large population of migrant Americans also in the archipelago during the war, it addresses ways in which military rule controlled and Americanized the people of Hawai`i. Finally, it illuminates the ways in which local stories challenge national ones: How were America and Hawai`i different places in 1941? / Graduate

This thesis presents a case study conducted in 1994 concerning the effects of fishery management regulations on the Native village of Old Harbor, Alaska. Access to the traditional livelihood of harvesting marine resources has profound implications for the sustainability of the economy of Alaska's rural Native villages. The institution of the limited entry system in 1975 caused the transfer of commercial salmon fishing rights away from some Native fishermen and a reduction in local fishing jobs. Although the alternatives may have had similar or worse effects on the village, limited entry is perceived as a major cause of economic and social dysfunction. One of many factors that has integrated remote villages into the global market economy, it has exacerbated the uneven distribution of wealth in the community and contributed to a growing gulf between fishing as a business and a lifestyle.

As the container traffic at the Port of Savannah is expected to increase, its impacts need to be evaluated to address major concerns regarding the roadway network surrounding the port and the overall operations of the port. A federation of two disparate simulators was created in order to model the impacts of increased container traffic. The Port of Savannah was modeled using Rockwell Arena© and the surrounding roadway network was modeled using PTV VISSIM©. These two simulators operated concurrently and continually provided feedback with one another. The challenges that arose from this combination were largely due to the time structure of the models. Arena© is a discrete event simulator and VISSIM© is a continuous traffic simulator. A basic model, where these two pieces of software could pass information between one another, was initially created as a test bed for methods required to federate the two models. These basic concepts were then applied to a comprehensive model of the Port of Savannah and the surrounding area. This federated modeling approach for the Port of Savannah allowed the analysis to reflect the interaction of behaviors unique to the port and local roadway network. For instance, the federated model successfully captured how delays at the Port of Savannah increased as a result of increased congestion in the surrounding roadway network. It is anticipated that this prototypal model will be a base for future research into the area of federating disparate transportation simulators, as well as aid in the further exploration of a transportation run-time interface.