<p>Abstract</p><p>Why do Political Parties emerge? – A Study of "Sjukvårdspartiet i Värmland"</p><p>Political Science, Johan Utter</p><p>The political parties have important roles to play in contemporary society. They act as bearers of power and presents the voters with finished packages of ideas on how society should grow, develop and change. Political parties are essential to the survival and wellbeing of representative democracy. Many theories have been developed over the years concerning matters related to political parties, but one area of research remains largely unexplored, namely the topic on why political parties do emerge in the first place. Why do some individuals become creators of political parties?</p><p>Since this is a weak theoretical field an attempt will be made to contibute to the understanding concerning what makes new political parties emerge. This is done by relating previous contributors theories to the results obtained from a case study undertaken on the emergence of "Sjukvårdspartiet i Värmland", a political party risen from a protest-movement concerning the preservation of the local hospital in Kristinehamn. By testing this case against earlier research a foundation will be created and from which new ideas about political parties can be generated.</p><p>By interviewing the creator of the political party "Sjukvårdspartiet i Värmland" an attempt is made to reveal the incentives which led to the party formation. These results are then compared to the causal mechanisms proposed by earlier research. The purpose is to analyze if theories from earlier research is able to explain the emergence of "Sjukvårdspartiet i Värmland".</p><p>The results show that party formations are cryptic political phenomena, which needs larger and more developed theoretical constructions before the question "Why do political parties emerge?" can be properly answered.</p><p><strong><p> </p></strong></p>

<p>After the elections in 2006 there was a change of government in Sweden, when the Moderate Party with the right block took over the power from the Social democrats. The politics of the new government is more liberal than the politics of the Social democrats, which implied several changes of the Swedish social security system, in particular some important changes of the sickness benefit.</p><p>The objective of this essay has been to examinate the changes of the system, as well as the reasons for the changes, and also to compare the system in Sweden to the one in France, who has another structure.</p><p>The methods used are archive and corpus crossings in terms of collecting information from literature and websites of the social insurance offices in Sweden and in France. Further a qualitative method has been carried out in shape of an interview with the administrative official responsible of the sickness benefit at the social insurance office in Växjö.</p><p>The result has shown that there are several reasons for the changes in the Swedish system. It seems as if the most important reason is the big number of individuals on the sick-list which causes economical problems, since the employment rate is too low compared to the retired quotient of the population. The economical crises might have an influence on the changes of the systems, but not the present recession. Despite the rather big changes from a social system towards a more liberal one, the Swedish scheme has still kept its basic characteristics.</p> / <p>En 2006, la Suède a eu un changement de gouvernement. Les sociaux-démocrates ont été remplacés par l'alliance entre les partis à droite. Le nouveau gouvernement mène une politique plus libérale que les sociaux-démocrates, et ils ont introduit plusieurs changements dans le système de santé et particulièrement dans le règlement de l'indemnité journalière.</p><p>Ce mémoire a pour but d'examiner les changements dans le système, ainsi que les raisons de ces changements.</p><p>Les méthodes appliquées sont l'archive et le corpus, puisque j'ai étudié les ouvrages relatifs à la santé ainsi que les sites Internet des institutions responsables de l'indemnité journalière en Suède et en France. J'ai aussi eu un entretien avec un employé de la Caisse de Sécurité sociale à Växjö qui s'occupe particulièrement de l'indemnité journalière.</p><p>Les résultats de cette étude montrent qu'il y a plusieurs raisons à l'origine des changements dans le système suédois. Il semble que la raison la plus importante soit le nombre croissant de personnes en arrêt maladie ce qui génère des difficultés économiques, de même la proportion de la population active par rapport aux retraités est au cœur de la problématique. Enfin, les crises économiques peuvent influencer le système, mais la crise actuelle ne semble pas avoir eu une influence importante sur les changements.</p><p>Malgré les changements assez bouleversants vers un système plus libéral en Suède, qui tend à se rapprocher légèrement du système français, le système suédois reste plus social que le système français.</p>

After the elections in 2006 there was a change of government in Sweden, when the Moderate Party with the right block took over the power from the Social democrats. The politics of the new government is more liberal than the politics of the Social democrats, which implied several changes of the Swedish social security system, in particular some important changes of the sickness benefit. The objective of this essay has been to examinate the changes of the system, as well as the reasons for the changes, and also to compare the system in Sweden to the one in France, who has another structure. The methods used are archive and corpus crossings in terms of collecting information from literature and websites of the social insurance offices in Sweden and in France. Further a qualitative method has been carried out in shape of an interview with the administrative official responsible of the sickness benefit at the social insurance office in Växjö. The result has shown that there are several reasons for the changes in the Swedish system. It seems as if the most important reason is the big number of individuals on the sick-list which causes economical problems, since the employment rate is too low compared to the retired quotient of the population. The economical crises might have an influence on the changes of the systems, but not the present recession. Despite the rather big changes from a social system towards a more liberal one, the Swedish scheme has still kept its basic characteristics. / En 2006, la Suède a eu un changement de gouvernement. Les sociaux-démocrates ont été remplacés par l'alliance entre les partis à droite. Le nouveau gouvernement mène une politique plus libérale que les sociaux-démocrates, et ils ont introduit plusieurs changements dans le système de santé et particulièrement dans le règlement de l'indemnité journalière. Ce mémoire a pour but d'examiner les changements dans le système, ainsi que les raisons de ces changements. Les méthodes appliquées sont l'archive et le corpus, puisque j'ai étudié les ouvrages relatifs à la santé ainsi que les sites Internet des institutions responsables de l'indemnité journalière en Suède et en France. J'ai aussi eu un entretien avec un employé de la Caisse de Sécurité sociale à Växjö qui s'occupe particulièrement de l'indemnité journalière. Les résultats de cette étude montrent qu'il y a plusieurs raisons à l'origine des changements dans le système suédois. Il semble que la raison la plus importante soit le nombre croissant de personnes en arrêt maladie ce qui génère des difficultés économiques, de même la proportion de la population active par rapport aux retraités est au cœur de la problématique. Enfin, les crises économiques peuvent influencer le système, mais la crise actuelle ne semble pas avoir eu une influence importante sur les changements. Malgré les changements assez bouleversants vers un système plus libéral en Suède, qui tend à se rapprocher légèrement du système français, le système suédois reste plus social que le système français.

Abstract Why do Political Parties emerge? – A Study of "Sjukvårdspartiet i Värmland" Political Science, Johan Utter The political parties have important roles to play in contemporary society. They act as bearers of power and presents the voters with finished packages of ideas on how society should grow, develop and change. Political parties are essential to the survival and wellbeing of representative democracy. Many theories have been developed over the years concerning matters related to political parties, but one area of research remains largely unexplored, namely the topic on why political parties do emerge in the first place. Why do some individuals become creators of political parties? Since this is a weak theoretical field an attempt will be made to contibute to the understanding concerning what makes new political parties emerge. This is done by relating previous contributors theories to the results obtained from a case study undertaken on the emergence of "Sjukvårdspartiet i Värmland", a political party risen from a protest-movement concerning the preservation of the local hospital in Kristinehamn. By testing this case against earlier research a foundation will be created and from which new ideas about political parties can be generated. By interviewing the creator of the political party "Sjukvårdspartiet i Värmland" an attempt is made to reveal the incentives which led to the party formation. These results are then compared to the causal mechanisms proposed by earlier research. The purpose is to analyze if theories from earlier research is able to explain the emergence of "Sjukvårdspartiet i Värmland". The results show that party formations are cryptic political phenomena, which needs larger and more developed theoretical constructions before the question "Why do political parties emerge?" can be properly answered.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria da Conceicao Clarindo Cavalcante da Silva.pdf: 1331053 bytes, checksum: c7d86511bd9938c62b2e60790e811239 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis aims to investigate and analyze the health of the Public Servant and the Integral Health Care Politics to Federal Public Servants (IHCPFPS) concerning these Servants developed by the Reference Unit of Integral Health Care Subsystem of Servants, deployed at the Federal University of Alagoas (Ufal), responsible for health actions directed to the Public Servants and recommended byIHCPFPS. To investigate and analyze the situations of health and work social conditions to which public servants are exposed in the Brazilian state apparatus, placed in the University Hospital Professor Alberto Antunes (Hupaa) of that university. Because it is a social category fragmented and stratified hierarchy of dominant and dominated the working class, was selected one of the positions with which the research would be developed. It was used as a parameter for the selection of social subjects, those who needed most to be absent at work due to health issues, therefore they have health issues and diseases. Assistants and Nurses fromUniversity Hospital - hupaa-Ufal- were interviewed. The socioeconomic and cultural profiles of these workerswere designed as well as it was found what are the possibilities of their role as a social determinant in the effectiveness of the IHCPFPS, so as to promote changes in social relations of work, overcoming the precarious conditions and present subalternity. Suggestions are presented to effect a policy which focus on labor relations and the participation of these workers. Without a leading role, it is concluded that the State, through the IHCPFPS, will fulfill its role on control the health of the public servants, but their health shall not become effective in its entirety, bringing up the work processes and social determinants, as it means, the social health of the public servant / Esta tese pretende investigar e analisar a saúde do servidor e a Política de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Servidor Público Federal (Pass), desenvolvida pela unidade de Referência do Subsistema Integral de Atenção à Saúde do Servidor Público (Siass), implantada na Universidade Federal de Alagoas (Ufal), responsável pelas ações de saúde direcionadas ao servidor público e preconizadas pela Pass. Conhecer e analisar as situações de saúde e as condições sociais e de trabalho às quais estão expostos os servidores públicos no aparelho do Estado brasileiro, personificado no Hospital Universitário Professor Alberto Antunes (Hupaa) da referida universidade. Por se tratar de uma categoria social fragmentada e hierarquicamente estratificada da classe trabalhadora dominante e dominada, selecionou-se um dos cargos com os quais seria desenvolvida a pesquisa. Utilizou-se como parâmetro, para a escolha desses sujeitos sociais, aqueles que mais necessitam de afastamento do trabalho por licença de saúde e, consequentemente, apresentam agravos e doenças. Chegou-se, então, aos auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem do Hupaa-Ufal. Traçouse o perfil socioeconômico e cultural desses trabalhadores e verificou-se quais são as possibilidades do seu protagonismo como determinante social na efetivação da Pass, de maneira a promover as transformações nas relações sociais do trabalho, superando as condições precárias e de subalternidade vigentes. Apresentam-se sugestões, para efetivar uma política que tenha centralidade nas relações de trabalho e na participação desses trabalhadores. Sem esse protagonismo, conclui-se que o Estado, por meio da Pass, cumprirá o papel no controle de saúde do servidor, mas a saúde do trabalhador não se efetivará na sua integralidade, trazendo à tona os processos de trabalho e os determinantes sociais, ou seja, a dimensão social da saúde do servidor público

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