No description available.

No description available.

BakgrundI bakgrunden beskrivs genus och jämställdhet utifrån ett historiskt perspektiv samt genom aktuell forskning. Även internationell forskning tas upp. Begrepp som är aktuella för studiens område lyfts fram och beskrivs. De normer som finns i samhället kring kvinnligt och manligt presenteras. Miljö, material och barnlitteratur diskuteras utifrån ett genusperspektiv. Kompensatorisk pedagogik, könsschablonsdiket och könsblindhetsdiket lyfts fram. Förskolans samarbete med vårdnadshavare belyses ur ett jämställdhetsperspektiv.SyfteVårt syfte är att ta reda på hur pedagoger i förskolan talar om och resonerar kring genus och jämställdhet.Frågeställning:Hur blir pedagogernas resonemang synliga när de talar om genus och jämställdhet?Hur synliggörs olika språkdiskurser i pedagogernas tal?MetodStudien grundar sig i en kvalitativ metod med intervju som redskap. Urvalet är tio stycken verksamma pedagoger inom förskolan.ResultatResultatet presenteras utifrån en genusanalys samt en diskursanalys. Resultatet visar på olika sätt att tala och resonera kring genus och jämställdhet. Pedagogers språkbruk synliggörs med fokus på pronomenanvändning. / Program: Lärarutbildningen

A series of experiments were conducted to explore factors affecting transfer of value-added ingredients from the diet to table eggs, with the goal of contributing to improvements in the enrichment process. Flaxseed-based ω-3 PUFA enrichment did not reduce lutein enrichment. The combine enrichment of lutein and ω-3 PUFA had decresed lipid oxidation potential. Also, when fed a ω-3 PUFA diet, birds scored as energetic Efficient had longer and wider villi, resulting in greater absorptive surface area/villi than Non-efficient hens. However, histomorphological differences did not affect transfer of ω-3 PUFA from diet to egg. Finally, birds fed graded levels of ω-3 PUFA to characterize change in lipid profile of egg and blood plasma in time reached a plateau in total ω-3 PUFA/egg in 5.9 to 6.6d, with High birds reaching the target of 300 mg/egg in 5d. Egg enrichment can be modulated by changes to the hen diet. / Animal Science

he influence of two levels of yeast cell wall on phase one laying hen performance was investigated in this study. A total of 75 Lohmann W-36 replacement pullets, 17-weeks-old, were distributed among 75 laying hen cages (1 bird per pen). A total of 3 treatments were sequentially assigned to pens and each treatment had 25 replicates. Feeds were prepared according to the management guide for those birds and a single basal diet was divided into three treatments. First was the control basal diet only with no feed additives. The second was the basal diet supplemented with 250 ppm of yeast cell wall (YCW 250) and the third treatment was the basal diet supplemented with 500 ppm of yeast cell wall (YCW 500). Individual birds per cage served as the experimental unit for this study. Feed and water were offered ad libitum. Data were collected when birds were 21 weeks old and hen day egg production was > 90%. Treatment YCW 250 resulted in significantly higher egg weight than the control and YCW 500 treatment in the first and second production period and was higher than YCW 500 in the third and fourth production period. Feed consumed per dozen eggs was significantly lower in treatment YCW 500 versus treatment YCW 250, but not significantly lower than the control for the first production period and all treatments were not different from each other for the rest of the study. Average feed consumed per bird per day, and monthly cumulative egg production was not different between treatments. Period feed conversion ratios were lower for the second and fourth period (P = 0.15 and 0.18 respectively). There was no treatment effect on interior egg quality except for yolk color for the YCW 500 treatment in the fourth period which had significantly higher Roche color scores than the YCW 250 treatment. Specific gravity, egg shell thickness, egg shell weight, and percent shell weight were significantly higher in hens fed YCW 500 versus YCW 250. Egg shell breaking force was significantly higher in hens fed YCW 250 versus the control group. Overall, feeding a diet supplemented with yeast cell wall improved laying hen performance and 250 ppm YCW had the most significant influences, particularly with respect to increasing egg weight in early production laying hens.

Denna studie har till syfte att undersöka det svenska jämställdhetsklimatet genom debatten om ordet ”hen” i fyra dagstidningar under början av 2012. ”Hen” är ett könsneutralt alternativ till ”hon” och ”han” tänkt att användas när kön är okänt eller irrelevant. Frågeställningarna kretsar kring vilken typ av förhållningssätt, känslor samt för- och motargument som uttrycks av aktörerna i debatten kring användandet av ”hen”. Till grund för analysen ligger en teoretisk ram bestående av feministisk teori och diskursteori. Urvalet består av allt opinionsbaserat material under januari-mars 2012 i nätupplagorna av Aftonbladet, Expressen, Dagens Nyheter och Svenska Dagbladet. Aktörerna är journalister, debattörer, krönikörer, politiker, föräldrar och lärare. Genom diskursanalytisk metod kartläggs debattens olika riktningar där tre förhållningssätt är tydliga. De positivt inställda delas in i två undergrupper: de entusiastiska, som uttrycker glädje, iver och upprymdhet kring ordet ”hen” samt de engagerade som med en mer allvarsbetonad retorik talar om behovet av en tredje könskategori. De neutrala i sin tur har två undergrupper: de oberörda som inte uttrycker några direkta åsikter utan anser att det är upp till var och en bilda sig en uppfattning om ”hen”, och de humoristiska som utan att vilja delta i debatten på allvar använder en skämtsam ton för att avdramatisera det laddade ämnet. De negativt inställda delas in i tre undergrupper: de tveksamma som ur ett intrafeministiskt perspektiv uttrycker skepsis mot att ”hen” skulle kunna ha någon inverkan på jämställdheten, de sarkastiska som flyttar fokus från debattens huvudsyfte med hjälp av hånfull ironi, och de kritiska som uttrycker en stark motvilja att acceptera ”hen” och rentav ser ordet som farligt och hämmande. Resultatet av analysen kan sägas spegla en pågående jämställdhetsdebatt där behovet av en tredje könskategori tycks alltmer uppenbart, och där känslorna är mycket starka. Argumenten som uttrycks för användandet av ordet handlar om behovet av frihet, undslippande av förtryckande könsnormer och fler identifikationsmöjligheter. Motargumenten, i sin tur, handlar om den potentiella faran i att negligera biologin, naturen och tvåkönsidealet och på så sätt skapa förvirring och oordning. Då ansatsen är kvalitativ och materialet begränsat både tids- och omfångsmässigt bör denna studie enbart ses som en inblick i en pågående debatt, utan syfte att generalisera vad gäller de åsikter, värderingar och argument som uttrycks.

The gender-neutral pronoun hen has been added to the Swedish language with the aim to reduce sexism in the language and make language more inclusive. An objection against the implementation of the word is that the word would be cumbersome to read and would take more cognitive capacity to process. The present study examined if that concern is warranted. 209 participants self-paced read five texts with three pronouns each. Participants were randomly distributed to conditions containing only hen, he/she, she, or he as pronouns. No difference was found between reading speed in the condition containing hen as a pronoun in comparison with the conditions using han, hon or han/hon. No overall difference in memory recall was found either. However, sexism was found to be a moderator for memory recall when reading a text including hen, leading to lower memory recall for individuals scoring high on modern sexism.

No description available.

The enrichment of egg with folate is a viable option for supplying the general population of a food product rich in natural folates. However, attempts to increase the concentration of folate in egg beyond the achieved level of enrichment had been unsuccessful because egg folate reached a maximum plateau when folic acid (FA) was increased in the diet. Thus, experiments were conducted to determine the factors regulating the deposition of dietary FA into the eggs. In the first study, the effect of feeding equimolar intake of FA and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-methylTHF), the biologically active form of folate; on egg folate concentrations, indices of folate status, and activities of folate-dependent enzymes was evaluated. Folic acid and 5-methylTHF demonstrated equivalent effects in enhancing the egg folate concentrations and improving the indices of folate status in the laying hen. The activities of folate-dependent enzymes were similar between the two forms of folate except for hepatic dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) activity which increased in FA-fed birds compared to 5-methylTHF-fed birds. However, this demonstrated the ability of the laying hen to metabolically convert FA into its biologically active forms. Therefore, the influence of intestinal FA absorption in the regulation of FA deposition in the egg was subsequently evaluated. Using the in vitro everted intestinal sac technique, FA was absorbed in all regions of the intestine. Absorption was maximum at acidic pH 6.0, and increased in the duodenum and jejunum compared to the ileum and cecum. The rate of FA absorption in the jejunum diminished at higher FA concentrations. Therefore, further study was conducted to determine the regulation of FA absorption when levels of FA in the laying hen diet are increased. Supplementation of increased FA levels resulted to a down-regulation of FA absorption in the duodenum, but not in the jejunum of the laying hen. This down-regulation was not associated to a decreased mRNA gene expression of the duodenal folate transporters. Overall, decreased intestinal rate of FA absorption possibly associated to a post-transcriptional or translational regulation of specific folate transporters in the intestine of the laying hen may contribute to the saturation in the egg folate concentration.

We investigated the effects of dietary folic acid and age, on immunological parameters in laying hens challenged with LPS. 48 Shaver White hens at different ages were fed 2 wheat-soybean based diets with 0 or 4 mg supplemental FA per kg of diet for 8 wk. 6 hens from each dietary treatment were injected with 8 mg/kg body weight of LPS or saline and observed for 4 h. A few diet X challenge interaction were observed in young hens, whereas FA and LPS independently influenced a number of parameters. In older hens, there were very few diet X challenge interactions as well as effects of FA, whereas LPS affected several parameters. In conclusion, dietary FA influenced some immune responses in younger hens, but no such effects were observed in older hens. FA may modulate immune responses in laying hens under acute LPS challenge which could be tissue and age dependent.