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This study was designed to test the relationship between matching and mirroring (MM) and homophilous perceptions (PHM) in leadership socialization. Elevated PHM levels were hypothesized to affect workplace acceptance levels. The need for testing leadership socialization skills was magnified with the current demographic shift known as the leadership succession crisis, creating problems with onboarding strategies. The theoretical foundations of the study were based on the social identity theory, the social presence theory, the leader-member exchange theory, and the similarity-attraction paradigm. The study conducted at Workforce Solutions North Texas in Wichita Falls, Texas was sampled based on the calculated strength of the effect in a pilot study. Test group participants engaged in MM enhanced social conversation with a coached candidate and control group participants conversed with an uncoached participant from the general population engaging in normal conversation. MM processes were differentiated from natural synchronic tendencies using specialized software and Kinect-® sensors. A contrasted group, quasi-experiment was examined with an analysis of covariance. No statistically significant difference was found between groups on PHM levels, correcting for age, gender, ethnicity, height, glasses, hobbies, and professions. However, PHM and coworker acceptance were statistically significant but with no difference between groups. Further research is needed to test PHM as a metric for rapport in socialization strategies. Nevertheless, the homophily lens rather than the rapport lens can help organizational development and human resource professionals quantify and develop more effective socialization strategies aimed at solving problems associated with the leadership succession crisis.

abstract: By collecting and analyzing more than two million tweets, U.S. House Representatives’ voting records in 111th and 113th Congress, and data from other resources I study several aspects of adoption and use of Twitter by Representatives. In the first chapter, I study the overall impact of Twitter use by Representatives on their political orientation and their political alignment with their constituents. The findings show that Representatives who adopted Twitter moved closer to their constituents in terms of political orientation. By using supervised machine learning and text mining techniques, I shift the focus to synthesizing the actual content shared by Representatives on Twitter to evaluate their effects on Representatives’ political polarization in the second chapter. I found support for the effects of repeated expressions and peer influence in Representatives’ political polarization. Last but not least, by employing a recently developed dynamic network model (separable temporal exponential-family random graph model), I study the effects of homophily on formation and dissolution of Representatives’ Twitter communications in the third chapter. The results signal the presence of demographic homophily and value homophily in Representatives’ Twitter communications networks. These three studies altogether provide a comprehensive picture about the overall consequences and dynamics of use of online social networking platforms by Representatives. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2016

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have important consequences for individuals and society. Extensive literature has shown that various individual factors impact STIs. However, much less is known about their structural causes and how they affect sexual behavior and sexual network formation. In the first two chapters of this dissertation, I investigate how sex ratios and ethnic divisions affect sexual activity and the spread of STIs. In the third chapter, I analyze the effect of ethnic-based romantic homophily on STIs. I provide a brief description of each chapter below. Chapter 1. We extend a theory of fidelity in a two-sided economy, and empirically discriminate between different rationales of sexual network formation by testing their implications for how sex ratios affect sexual activity, relationship stability, and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases in men versus women. We use a unique individual-level dataset in combination with census data from England and Wales, a setting where adult women outnumber adult men. Exploiting variation in cohort/ethnicity/region-specific sex ratios as a quasi-natural experiment, we find that a decrease in sex ratio imbalance decreases sexual infidelity and the number of serial partners, and increases the likelihood of safe sex. This in turn reduces the likelihood of acquiring a range of sexually transmitted infections and diseases, including chlamydia, gonorrhoea, genital warts, and herpes. Consistent with the rationale underlying the formation of egalitarian (in)fidelity networks, the effects of the sex ratio on sexual activity are larger for men compared to women, while its effects on sexual diseases are larger for women compared to men. The causality of these effects is established using classical and recent instrumental variables approaches and various robustness checks. For falsification, we show that sex ratios have no impact on several "atheoretical" health conditions, such as Parkinson's disease, chronic lung disease, heart attack, stroke, and diabetes, which do not arise from sexual interactions. Chapter 2. In societies organized around distinct racial and ethnic groups, limited communication between these groups might increase the search cost of sexual partners outside of own group, leading to racially segregated sexual networks and low risks of sexually transmitted diseases. At the same time, because sexual infidelity is more likely to be discovered when the cheated-upon individuals are co-ethnics, individuals in multiracial societies might find it cheaper to select sexual partners from diverse ethnic groups to hide their infidelity, which would lead to large interethnic sexual networks and high risks of STIs. We test these conflicting hypotheses by analyzing the causal effect of neighborhood-level racial diversity on sexual activity and STIs, using unique individual-level data from England, Wales, and Scotland. We find that individuals residing in multiracial neighborhoods have a greater number of sexual partners and are more likely to be infected with a wide range of STIs than their counterparts residing in more racially homogeneous neighborhoods. We use traditional and new instrumental variables approaches and various robustness checks to establish causation. Analyzing mechanisms, we find that within racially diverse neighborhoods, individuals who select sexual partners from diverse racial groups are more likely to be infected with STIs, holding the number of partners and other individual characteristics fixed. For falsification, we conduct a reverse-placebo test showing that racial diversity has no effect on a wide range of health conditions that do not arise from sexual interactions. From a policy perspective, our analysis implies that policies that promote racial and ethnic integration are likely to reduce unhealthy sexual activity and the spread of STIs in racially heterogeneous societies. Chapter 3. A classical hypothesis in social network theory holds that central individuals are more likely to receive and spread information than are their peripheral counterparts. We test this hypothesis in the context of sexual networks and sexually transmitted diseases, using data from the United Kingdom. Romantic homophily - the tendency to select sexual partners with similar ethnic background - is used as a measure of the extent to which an individual is peripheral in a sexual network. We find that more sexually homophilous individuals have a lower risk of sexual infections. This effect is causal, and larger for women, Whites, and heterosexuals.

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Submitted by Mateus Ferreira (mateus5588ferreira@hotmail.com) on 2014-03-28T14:18:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mateus Ferreira-2.pdf: 1895713 bytes, checksum: 2c6f04b32f26367332f9bc93b208175c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by PAMELA BELTRAN TONSA (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2014-03-28T14:19:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mateus Ferreira-2.pdf: 1895713 bytes, checksum: 2c6f04b32f26367332f9bc93b208175c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-03-28T14:20:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mateus Ferreira-2.pdf: 1895713 bytes, checksum: 2c6f04b32f26367332f9bc93b208175c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-26 / A literatura de relacionamento do consumidor com a marca tem reconhecido a importância do ambiente virtual como ferramenta eficaz para a promoção da marca. Este espaço permitiu uma maior proximidade e estreitamento das relações com os diversos públicos das empresas ao potencializar as funções do marketing, o que levou as empresas a criarem fan pages de marca a fim de promover maior interação e incrementar o relacionamento com os stakeholders. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo verificar o impacto da força do laço e da homofilia na confiança em uma fan page de marca, e o impacto da confiança no engajamento com esta fan page. Para atender a este objetivo, a pesquisa se deu em duas etapas: uma primeira fase qualitativa e uma segunda fase quantitativa. Na primeira fase, esta pesquisa identifica a unidade de análise dos conceitos e gera itens para a mensuração da força do laço, homofilia, confiança e engajamento, por meio da revisão de literatura e nove entrevistas com seguidores de fan pages de marcas. A segunda fase verifica, por meio de uma survey com 688 seguidores de uma fan page, o impacto destes conceitos no engajamento. As entrevistas foram analisadas por meio da análise de conteúdo, enquanto que os dados da survey e a rede nomológica foram analisados pela modelagem de equações estruturais. Os resultados da primeira fase indicam que os consumidores tratam a fan page como unidade de análise dos conceitos e forneceram itens satisfatórios para a mensuração dos conceitos e suas dimensões. Já os resultados da segunda fase dão suporte a rede nomológica testada, indicando uma associação positiva da força do laço e homofilia com a confiança, e da confiança com o engajamento com fan pages de marcas. / The literature on consumer relationship with brand has recognized the importance of the virtual environment as an effective tool for brand promotion. This place allowed companies to have a greater proximity and closer relationship with different audiences to enhance the functions of marketing, which led companies to create brand fan pages to promote interaction and foster the relationship with stakeholders. This dissertation aims at determining the impact of tie strength of and homophily in trust on the brand fan page and the impact of trust in the engagement with this page. To answer this goal, the research was made in two stages: a first qualitative phase and a second quantitative phase. In the first phase, this research identifies the units of analysis and generates items to measure the strength of ties, homophily, trust and engagement by means of literature review and interviews with nine followers of brands fan pages. The second phase checks, through a survey of 688 followers of a fan page, the impact of these concepts in engagement. The interviews were analyzed with use of content analysis, while data from the survey and the nomological network were analyzed by means of structural equation modeling. The results of the first phase indicate that consumers treat the fan page as a concepts supplier and provided satisfactory items for the measurement of concepts and their dimensions. The results of the second stage support the nomological network, indicating a positive association of the strength of tie and homophily with trust, and of trust with engagement with brands fan pages.

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A critical aspect for organizational performance is recruiting “the right” people. Great talent serves as a foundation for great companies and a strong pool of candidates is a prerequisite for success. It is furthermore necessary to have an effective recruitment process in order to attract high quality candidates. Slow-paced recruiting processes may serve as a bottleneck to growth meanwhile an effective recruitment process within an organization speaks volumes about the company. It is a direct reflection of the professionalism and validity of the business while leaving its mark on both current and prospective employees. Referral-based recruiting is often referred to as the “holy grail” of recruiting strategies and is an industry term for when a someone, such as a current employee, supplies a candidate from their own network to the recruiter. The strategy capitalizes on the social and professional networks of people in order to generate candidates and is often combined with rewards to incentivize recommendations. Many claims that the recruitment method yields advantages such as increased candidate quality, retention rate and reduced time to hire etc. However, often, these claims are not peer reviewed and lack the empirical evidence to support these claims. This research aims to contribute with knowledge to what role referral-based recruiting plays within Stockholm and to learn more about how the social processes and human elements affects the outcome. Furthermore, how the recruitment method impacts the assessed quality of the candidate pool and recruitment process. A total of six managers active within recruiting in Stockholm has been interviewed for this research. The managers were each asked to describe and evaluate the hiring of five candidates and their respective recruitment process. The empirical results were analyzed in combination to the theoretical framework. Through the analysis, the conclusion was drawn that referral-based recruiting in fact appears to offer unique advantages in comparison to traditional recruiting strategies, such as job-adverts, headhunting and hiring the services of recruitment firms.

Plusieurs jeunes ressentent de l’anxiété à l’école et cela a un effet négatif sur leur bien-être. À l’adolescence, les jeunes tendent à adopter les mêmes comportements que ceux de leurs pairs. Sachant qu’en moyenne les élèves passent 923 heures par année entourés de leurs collègues de classe, la présente étude 1) a évalué si une association existe entre le niveau d’anxiété d’état d’un élève et le niveau d’anxiété de trait des collègues de classe et 2) a examiné si cette association était différente pour les garçons et les filles ainsi que pour les élèves de niveau primaire (10-12 ans) et secondaire (15-17 ans). Pendant deux années scolaires consécutives, 1044 élèves canadiens (59% filles) de six écoles primaires et de sept écoles secondaires ont rempli un questionnaire mesurant l’anxiété d’état et l’anxiété de trait. Des analyses multiniveaux ont montré que l’anxiété d’état des filles était liée uniquement à l’anxiété de trait des autres filles de la classe (b= 0.40, p < .001). Cet effet était similaire pour les filles de l’école primaire et de l’école secondaire (b = 0.07, p = .27). En revanche, aucun effet n’a été obtenu chez les garçons, autant pour les pairs de même sexe (b = 0.11, p = .25) que ceux de sexe opposé (b = -0.01, p = 1.00). Ces résultats suggèrent que les filles et les garçons réagissent différemment à l’anxiété de leurs pairs. Des études futures devraient confirmer ces résultats et étudier les mécanismes sous-jacents à cette différence de sexe. / Many teens report experiencing anxiety in school, which can reduce their well-being. During adolescence, teens tend to adopt the same behaviors as their peers. Considering that adolescents spend on average 923 hours every year surrounded by their classmates, the current exploratory study (1) assessed if an association exists between a student’s state anxiety score and classmates’ average trait anxiety scores and (2) examined whether this association differed for boys and girls, as well as for elementary school and high school students. During two consecutive school years, 1044 Canadian students (59% girls) from six elementary schools (aged 10-12) and seven high schools (aged 15-17) completed a questionnaire assessing state and trait anxiety. Multilevel analyses revealed that a girl’s level of state anxiety was associated only with the trait anxiety of the girls in the same classroom (b = 0.40, p < .001). This effect was similar for elementary and high school girls (b = 0.07, p = .27). Interestingly, no association was found for boys, same-sex peers (b = 0.11, p = .25), or opposite-sex peers (b = -0.01, p = 1.00). Our results suggest that girls and boys react differently to the anxiety of their peers. Future studies should confirm these results and explore the mechanisms involved in this sex-specific difference.