This thesis is a reassessment of gay male politics in England and Wales during the period between the decriminalisation of homosexual acts in private in 1967 and the HIV epidemic of the early 1980s. It looks beyond the activities of the revolutionary Gay Liberation Front and its offshoots which have dominated previous accounts. Instead it considers a broader range of social and political organisations which developed for gay men in the seventies: including reformist NGOS such as the Campaign for Homosexual Equality, the gay club scene, and publications such as Gay News. Through a detailed consideration of these less formally radical enterprises it argues that the seventies saw the creation of a broadly Habermasian 'public sphere' of gay male life. The gay male public sphere was a set of social spaces, political campaigns, and communications media which were explicitly aligned to a gay male identity and had no direct precedent in previous queer public cultures. However, this was not precisely analogous to gay men 'Coming Out' as the GLF understood the term. Participation in the gay male public did not necessarily involve openly declaring your sexuality to all possible audiences. It was also not necessarily a radical challenge to the state and existing society and, this thesis argues, gay male politics in the seventies was characterised as much by people who wanted to work within existing systems as it was by those who wanted to overturn them. This thesis also considers the limits that were placed on the gay male public sphere, through an account of the operation of the Sexual Offences Act and Mary Whitehouse's prosecution of Gay News for blasphemous Libel. As such it is a contribution to debates about the nature and extent of Britain's postwar 'Permissive Society'.

[pt] O presente trabalho é uma reflexão acerca da experiência homossexual masculina contemporânea, estudada a partir da proposição de dezenove imagens de sociabilidades construídas no texto da cidade por homens que se relacionam sexualmente com homens. Apoiando-se, essencialmente, nos estudos de Walter Benjamin sobre a modernidade européia entre os séculos XIX e XX e, também, nos originais trabalhos de Michel Foucault sobre a emergência de uma ciência da sexualidade moderna, o trabalho busca dialogar com a textualidade da cidade contemporânea, colhida através da deambulação do pesquisador por espaços sociais ocupados por homens que se relacionam com homens. O trabalho sustenta-se numa dupla enunciação, de um lado voltada para o reconhecimento das imagens suscitadas pela temporalidade frenética do Rio de Janeiro contemporâneo, representado por espaços considerados centrais e, também, por espaços periféricos e, de outro, voltada para a composição do texto que ora se apresenta. O objetivo central do trabalho é recolher e interpretar alguns dos signos emitidos pela experiência homossexual masculina no Rio de Janeiro, a partir da elaboração metodológica de um espaço para o pesquisador que não o anule como sujeito do seu próprio tempo, mas que não o mantenha na função de uma elaboração solipsista. Neste sentido, o trabalho incorpora a ambição da ciência histórica benjaminiana, que busca apresentar a história, abrigando objetos que se degradam no tecido da construção teórica. A principal ambição é considerar que a percepção sobre a experiência homossexual masculina pode se dar a partir da exigência de uma transformação do ato banal de ver em um vetor de problematização teórica da intensidade das relações entre homens em alguns fragmentos do Rio de Janeiro. A partir das imagens construídas sobre a relação entre homens na cidade, o trabalho também problematiza a escrita e a experiência, noções essenciais para a articulação de uma percepção sensível sobre a história das práticas sexuais entre homens, principalmente aquela que se desenrola na atualidade, apreendida nos interstícios da cidade, marcada por hierarquias econômicas, valores contrastantes e, também, pela criminalização dos espaços públicos. O trabalho visa a reconsiderar o caráter político e coletivo da experiência homossexual, numa contraposição aos modelos teóricos puramente extensivos - do ponto de vista histórico - que têm se apropriado das práticas sexuais entre homens. / [en] This study is a reflection about the contemporaneous male homosexual experience, based on a study of nineteen images of sociability of men that maintain sexual relationship with other men. The images were selected by the researcher which viewed the city as a text. The sources consulted are mostly texts of Walter Benjamim about the European modernity between XIX and XX centuries. Others sources are mainly the original works of Michel Foucault about the emergency of the modern science of sexuality. This study establishes a dialog with the text of the contemporaneous city which was written on the basis of the incursions of the researcher on social places where men have relationship with men. This study have two different focus: one of them is the portrait of the frenetic temporality of the contemporaneous Rio de Janeiro represented not only by the spaces considered as central but also as the peripherals. The other vertent is centered on the subject of the present text. The central objective of this study is to gather some of the signs emitted by male homosexual experience in Rio de Janeiro, using a methodology that do not neutralizes the researcher as subject of his own time but at the same time do not keep him in a function of a solipsist elaborater. In this sense the study has the ambition to incorporate the Benjaminian historical science, which search to present the history maintaining objects which degraded themselves in the tissue of the theoretical construction. The intention is also to consider that the perception about male homosexual experience can be transformed from the banal act of seeing in a way theoretically founded. From the images built on the basis of men´s relationship at the city. The study also problematizes the written way and the experience, essential notions to construct a sensible perception about the history of sexual practices between men, mainly that one which is devellop on the present time apprehended in the intertisce of the city, marked by economical hierarchies, contrasting values and also by the criminalization of public espaces. The study intent to reconsider the political and collective character of the homosexual experience in a contraposition of the theoretical models simply extensives - from the historical point of view - which are taken appropriation of the sexual practices between men. / [fr] D´abord, ce travail est une réflexion au sujet de l´expérience homosexuelle masculine contemporaine étudiée à partir de la proposition de dix-neuf images des sociabilités que sont contruites dans le texte de la ville par des hommes qui se mettent em relation sexuelle avec des hommes. S´appuayant essentiellement sur les études de Walter Benjamin sur la modernité europénne entre les siècles XIX et XX et aussi dans les travaux originaux de Michel Foucault sur le surgissement d´une science de la sexualité moderne, ces observations cherchent um dialogue entre le textuel de la vielle contemporaine cueille par le moyen de la déambulation du chercheur dans les espaces sociaux occupés par des hommes que se mettent em relation avec des hommes. Ce recueil se soutient sur une doublé enonciation, l´une retournée vers la reconnaissance des imagens suscitées par la temporalité frenétique de Rio de Janeiro contemporain represente par des espaces consideres centraux et, aussi, par des espaces perifériques et del´autre vers la composition du texte qui,or, se presente. L´objetif le plus important de cette étude est de recueillir et d´interpréter quelques signes émis par l´experiénce homosexuelle masculine à Rio de Janeiro à partir de l´elaboration méthodologique d´um chercheur qui ne doit pas s´annuler comme um sujet de son propre temps ni se maintienne dans la function d´une élaboration fermée en elle-même. Dans ce sens, le travail incorpore l´ambition d´une science historique benjaminienne qui cherche à, présenter l´histoire des objets qui se dregadent das le temps, mais qui se protègent dans le tissu d´une construction historique; la principal ambition est de considérer que la perception de l´expérience homosexuelle masculine peut se donner à partir d´une exigence de transformation de l´acte banal de voir, en un vecteur de problèmes théoriques de l´intensité des relations entre les hommes dans quelques fragments à Rio de Janeiro. A partir des images construités des relations entre les hommes dans les villes, le travail pose des problèmes sur l´écriture et sur l´expérience, notions essentielles pour l´articulation d´une perception sensible de l´histoire des pratiques sexuelles entre hommes; principalement celles qui se déroulent dans l´adversité apprise dans les interstices de la ville marquée par les hiérarchies économiques; par des valeurs contrastées et aussi par la criminalisation des espaces publiques. Ce travail a l´intention de reconsiderér le caractere politique et collectif de l´expérience homosexuelle par opposition aux modeles téoriques purement extensifs - du point de viue historique - qui s´est approprié des pratiques sexuelles entre hommes.

Althoughitislegalized by law to adoptchildren by homosexualindividuals in the Czech Republic now, mainfocusofthechapters in this thesis dealswithadoptivechildrenofregisteredhomosexualcouples in the country. Exceptforothergoals, the thesis aimsatthistopicfromthe point oftheethic and morality as thesociety´svalues. Italsosets up a discussionaboutthefactthatthischanceisgiven to theindividuals but not thecouplesthatofficiallyvalidatetherelationship, whichshowsthatthey are not aware to admittheirorientation. The thesis takes in theaccount not only second and philosophic bibliografy, but it si alsosupported by the public discoursebeing in progress in media and online editorials. These ale alsoimportant to beconsideredwhilesolvingthissituation.

O presente trabalho pretende analisar a possibilidade do reconhecimento jurídico de novas formas de famílias advindas da união entre pessoas do mesmo sexo. Partindo do pressuposto de que a sociedade reclama por uma nova estrutura na prestação das relações jurídicas, além de uma nova estrutura na satisfação do direito pleiteado, a presente pesquisa tem por objetivo traçar um paralelo entre a trajetória das normas jurídicas que disciplinam as relações familiares e os novos arranjos sociais que constituem a família contemporânea em razão dos novos conceitos estabelecidos pela sociedade do séc. XXI, ainda em razão de o Estado possuir a responsabilidade de adequar os meios e os fins, com o intuito de garantir a melhor e plena aplicabilidade do direito. Busca-se identificar o novo conceito de família, a partir do art. 226 da Constituição Federal e dos Princípios Constitucionais, agregado a pluralidade de arranjos sociais identificáveis. Ademais, apresenta a preocupação em estabelecer essas novas regras jurídicas do direito de família em consonância com a realidade social do território brasileiro, para que garanta o acesso pleno à justiça, bem como respeito ao princípio da isonomia e da liberdade nas relações intersubjetivas / This study aims to examine the possibility of legal recognition of new forms of families arising from the union between same-sex. Assuming that society calls for a new structure in the provision of legal relations, and a new structure in the satisfaction of the right claimed, this research aims to draw parallels between the trajectory of the legal rules that govern family relations and new social arrangements that constitute the contemporary family as a result of new concepts established by the society of the century XXI, yet because of the state have the responsibility to adapt the means and ends, in order to ensure the best and full application of the law. Seek to identify the new concept of family, from the art. 226 of the Federal Constitution and Constitutional Principles, attached to the plurality of identifiable social arrangements. Moreover, it presents the concern in establishing these new legal rules of family law in line with the social reality of Brazil, to ensure full access to justice and respect for the principle of equality and freedom in interpersonal relations

Opinions and attitudes towards homosexually oriented people and their lives have changed significantly in the last twenty years. Homosexuality is not considered as a sexual deviation any more, and more and more European cultures allow formal and legal existence of the same-sex couples. In some states of the European Union gays and lesbians can become parents legally - they are allowed full joint adoption. The objective of the theoretical part of the thesis was to approach the issue of homosexuality and homosexually oriented people within the context of selected states of the European Union. The main objective of the research part of the thesis was to find out the attitude of the wide public towards the institute of registered partnership (civil union or civil partnership) in the Czech Republic. The partial objective was to survey the public attitude towards the adoption of a child by a single homosexual and towards the adoption of a child by a homosexual couple (full joint adoption) in the Czech Republic. I also wanted to find out, whether the Czech public tolerate the adoption of a child of a homosexual partner or the artificial insemination of lesbian couples. Quantitative research, polling method and an anonymous questionnaire {--} a technique of the research - were used in the practical part.

Orientador: Evelina Dagnino / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T21:26:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_GustavoGomesdaCosta_M.pdf: 1057027 bytes, checksum: f44aeff5dc6aaedda4960449a1b0f29c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O presente trabalho é uma tentativa de entender o movimento homossexual na cidade de São Paulo. A partir dos debates em torno das temáticas dos movimentos sociais, da cidadania e das políticas de identidade, pretende-se analisar os projetos políticos presentes nas percepções das lideranças homossexuais e compreender quais fatores explicam a adesão destas lideranças a determinados projetos. A hipótese principal é a de que certos traços das trajetórias individuais (as filiações a partidos políticos e outros movimentos sociais, as experiências profissionais e de contato com o Estado, o momento de inserção no movimento homossexual entre outros) explicam a adesão delas a determinados projetos políticos. A pesquisa visa colaborar com o debate em torno da questão da construção democrática, das relações entre sociedade civil e Estado e das intricadas relações entre cultura e política neste princípio de século / Abstract: The present work is an attempt to understand the gay and lesbian movement in the city of São Paulo. From the perspective of the debates on social movements, citizenship and identity politics, it intends to analyze the political projects, presents in the perceptions of gay and lesbian leaderships and understand which factors explain the adhesion, of these leaderships, to a given project. The main hypothesis is that certain aspects of individual trajectories (such as affiliations to political parties and social movements, professional experiences, contacts with State agencies, the moment of affiliation to the gay and lesbian movement among others) explain the support of these leaderships to a given project. The research aims to collaborate with the debate on democratic construction, State-civil society relations and the intricate relations between culture and politics in the beginning of the century / Mestrado / Mestre em Ciência Política

Sexual practices in prisons the world over are almost the same. Men incarcerated for many years in limited space with other men without the opportunity for normal heterosexual sexual outlet end up practicing homosexual sex. South African prisons are not an exception. In this dissertation I tackled a number of issues from a Christian Ethics perspective, with a slant from the Evangelical wing of Christianity as this is my background. The few issues I investigated from a South African prison system are the following. Firstly the issue of homosexuality was looked at from an Evangelical perspective. The conclusion was that the practice of homosexuality is a sin just like any other sexual deviation from the God ordained sex within marriage. Secondly empirical research was done to verify homosexual sex in prisons in South Africa. The results of this research confirmed that homosexual sex acts are a daily occurrence in our prisons. The results also showed that the aspect of indecent assault, forced or coerced homosexual sex acts now classified as “male rape,” was rife in prisons. Other factors related to this matter were that prison gangs and Correctional members’ complicity aggravated this issue of “male rape”. Thirdly we looked at the policy of “no sex in prison” as set out by the Department of Correctional Services. A number of discrepancies were uncovered. Firstly, there is unfair discrimination in the treatment of heterosexuals and homosexuals in prisons. Whereas heterosexuals are legally barred from having sex with their spouses while in prison, homosexuals are having sex in prison with their partners. Although the DOCS insists on the policy of no sex in prison, they appear to be condoning it in that they provide free condoms to inmates. In accordance with the stipulation of the Bill of Rights regarding unfair discrimination, the DOCS should treat inmates equally. To make matters worse, the South African Government has sanctioned same sex unions but failed to put in place effective control measures in correctional service centres to ensure that the policy of no sex in prison is not undermined. The DOCS should look at either allowing heterosexuals to have conjugal visits or ensure that homosexuals are not put together in the same cell, so as to adhere to this policy. Fourthly the issue punishment and rehabilitation was also investigated. This was done from a Christian ethical perspective. The Department of Correctional Services says that their objective is not to punishment but to rehabilitate. The discussion showed that putting convicted criminals in prison was a punishment on its own. It was further discussed that punishment is biblical, and that whilst punishment should be left to God, He in turn has put governments on earth as His servants to mete out punishment to those who deserve it. It was also discussed that rehabilitation does not happen automatically, that it needs a buy in by the individual concerned as seen from the examples of individuals cited in the thesis. Lastly, the causes of such sexual behaviour in prison were investigated. Corrupt officials, overcrowding and inadequate food supply, among others, are matters to be rectified in dealing with this problem. Alternatives to jail sentences for minor offences are also strongly suggested so as to alleviate the problem of overcrowding. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Dogmatics and Christian Ethics / unrestricted

La préférence homosexuelle masculine (PHM) est considérée comme un paradoxe darwinien car c'est un trait partiellement héritable, induisant une baisse de succès reproducteur, ayant une fréquence (en Occident) entre 2 et 6 % et qui semble propre à l'espèce humaine (en excluant les espèces domestiquées). La sélection de parentèle, ou bien un facteur pléiotrope antagoniste sont classiquement proposés, bien que l'essentiel des données proviennent de sociétés occidentales. Nous avons proposé une nouvelle hypothèse, basée sur la stratification sociale et permettant d'expliquer la spécificité humaine, dans laquelle la migration sexe-dépendante de type hypergyne amplifie la sélection d'un gène antagoniste. La plausibilité de cette hypothèse est confirmée par des modèles théoriques d'ESS et des modélisations individu-centrés. De plus, une analyse comparative basée sur données anthropologiques a permis de montrer un lien entre le niveau de stratification d'une société et la probabilité que la PHM soit connue dans cette société. La sélection de parentèle, mesurée dans une société non-occidentale (Indonésie), semble participer à la compensation du coût reproductif de la PHM, mais insuffisamment pour en expliquer le maintien. Les principales caractéristiques familiales associées à la PHM, l'excès de grands frères, et la fécondité accrue dans certaines classe d'apparentés, se retrouvent également en Indonésie. Toutefois, en Indonésie, les classes d'apparentés concernées différent en partie des résultats obtenus en occident et ne correspondent pas aux attendues de l'hypothèse de sélection sexuellement antagoniste portée par le chromosome X. La prise en compte de l'interaction entre facteurs sociaux et biologiques ainsi que l'acquisition de données hors des sociétés occidentales ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives de compréhension de ce paradoxe darwinien. / Male homosexual preference (MHP) is considered as a Darwinian paradox, as it is partially heritable, induces a reproductive cost, has a prevalence estimated (in western countries) between 2 and 6%, and seems to be specific to humans (excluding domesticated species). Kin selection or sexually antagonistic factors have been proposed as possible explanations, although most data come from western countries. Here, we proposed a new hypothesis, based on social stratification, able to explain the specificity of human MHP, in which hypergyny (up-migration of the women) enhances the selection of a sexually antagonistic gene. This hypothesis is supported by theoretical models (ESS) and individual-based modelling. Furthermore, a comparative analysis based on anthropological data showed that the level of social stratification predicts the probability for MHP to be known in a society. Kin selection was tested in a non-western society (Indonesia), and seems to contribute to the compensation of the reproductive costs associated with MHP, although this effect alone was insufficient to explain the maintenance of MHP. The main biodemographic features associated with MHP, an excess of older brother and an increased fecundity of some classes of relatives, were also found in Indonesia. However, the classes of relatives affected by this increased fecundity differ from the classes affected in western populations, and differ from the predictions of the sexually antagonistic genetic factor hypothesis displayed on an X chromosome. Taking into account the interaction between social and biological factors, together with the acquisition of new data in non-western populations, open new perspectives in our understanding of this Darwinian paradox.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:18:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_emanoella.pdf: 1067290 bytes, checksum: eaf58627810b7e3212bb1d7c54604de5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-06 / This study aims to examine the possibility of legal recognition of new forms of families arising from the union between same-sex. Assuming that society calls for a new structure in the provision of legal relations, and a new structure in the satisfaction of the right claimed, this research aims to draw parallels between the trajectory of the legal rules that govern family relations and new social arrangements that constitute the contemporary family as a result of new concepts established by the society of the century XXI, yet because of the state have the responsibility to adapt the means and ends, in order to ensure the best and full application of the law. Seek to identify the new concept of family, from the art. 226 of the Federal Constitution and Constitutional Principles, attached to the plurality of identifiable social arrangements. Moreover, it presents the concern in establishing these new legal rules of family law in line with the social reality of Brazil, to ensure full access to justice and respect for the principle of equality and freedom in interpersonal relations / O presente trabalho pretende analisar a possibilidade do reconhecimento jurídico de novas formas de famílias advindas da união entre pessoas do mesmo sexo. Partindo do pressuposto de que a sociedade reclama por uma nova estrutura na prestação das relações jurídicas, além de uma nova estrutura na satisfação do direito pleiteado, a presente pesquisa tem por objetivo traçar um paralelo entre a trajetória das normas jurídicas que disciplinam as relações familiares e os novos arranjos sociais que constituem a família contemporânea em razão dos novos conceitos estabelecidos pela sociedade do séc. XXI, ainda em razão de o Estado possuir a responsabilidade de adequar os meios e os fins, com o intuito de garantir a melhor e plena aplicabilidade do direito. Busca-se identificar o novo conceito de família, a partir do art. 226 da Constituição Federal e dos Princípios Constitucionais, agregado a pluralidade de arranjos sociais identificáveis. Ademais, apresenta a preocupação em estabelecer essas novas regras jurídicas do direito de família em consonância com a realidade social do território brasileiro, para que garanta o acesso pleno à justiça, bem como respeito ao princípio da isonomia e da liberdade nas relações intersubjetivas

Des femmes et des hommes ayant vécu un désir homosexuel à l’époque soviétique tardive (1960-1985) articulent un discours sur soi marqué par un ethos soviétique du secret. Sans être totale, l’atomisation stalinienne des sociétés soviétiques a empêché la formation d’identités et de communautés homosexuelles. Il est dès lors essentiel de prendre la mesure de la rareté du discours disponible sur l’(homo)sexualité pour saisir la singularité des rapports à soi que l'on peut entretenir lorsqu'on vit un désir homosexuel à l’époque soviétique tardive. Des subjectivités homosexuelles existent face à l’opprobre, mais elles n'intériorisent pas nécessairement de sentiment de honte. À un régime général de non-savoir inauguré par le stalinisme, répond un discours sur soi au sein duquel des femmes et des hommes se constituent comme sujet·te·s de leur désir homosexuel, s’affrontant à une pathologisation et une criminalisation communes dont ne rendait pas compte la déclinaison genrée induite par un discours médico-légal méconnu. Des textes de discours sur soi énonçant un « je » ou un « nous » homosexuel, des ego documents, le manifeste d’Evgueni Kharitonov, mais surtout des entretiens en Russie et en Géorgie attestent d’un commun, dans l’humour, le langage et les solidarités partagées, en butte à l’héritage stalinien d’une culture du soupçon, à une différenciation sociale accrue à cette période et à de fortes assignations genrées. Ces subjectivités puisent dans une identité supranationale soviétique pour se dire, tout en se positionnant vis-à-vis de modèles nationaux, autour par exemple de la question juive. / The concern here is with how women and men who lived and expressed their homosexual desire during the late Soviet period (1960-1985) articulated a discourse on self marked by a Soviet ethos of secrecy. The Stalinist atomization of Soviet societies, without being total, prevented the formation of homosexual communities and identities. If we are to grasp the singular character of relations to self which gave expression to homosexual desire and experience during the late Soviet period, we must therefore take full measure of the rarity of discourses available on (homo)sexuality. Homosexual subjectivities within the Soviet context existed in the face of opprobrium without necessarily internalizing the feeling of shame which such opprobrium might occasion. In response to a general regime of non-knowledge inaugurated by Stalinism, a discourse on self emerged through which women and men constituted themselves as subjects of their homosexual desire. They confronted a common pathologization and criminalization, a fact not registered by the gendered declination of subjectivities as the product of a legal-medical discourse which is itself poorly recognized. Texts expressing a discourse on self relating to a homosexual ‘I’ or ‘we’, ego documents, the manifesto of Evgueni Kharitonov and, above all, interviews conducted in Russia and Georgia attest to shared resources of humour, language and a background of solidarity formed in reaction to and against the Stalinist heritage of suspicion, the heightened social differentiation of the period and strong gender assignations. These subjectivities draw upon a supranational Soviet identity, while also positioning themselves in relation to national models, when addressing, for example, the ‘Jewish question’.