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För hbtq-personer kan vägarna till föräldraskap se mycket olika ut. För homosexuella män, som både enskilt och i par saknar biologiska förutsättningar att bli gravida på egen hand, är möjligheterna till familjebildning särskilt begränsade. Tidigare forskning på området visar även att gruppen möter tydliga utmaningar och hinder i sin strävan efter att bli föräldrar. Syftet med studien var att genom åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer undersöka hur homosexuella män i samkönade par motiverar sin önskan om att skaffa barn, diskuterar och fattar beslut kring möjliga sätt att bilda familj, samt utforska erfarenheter av möjligheter och hinder på vägen mot att bli föräldrar till ett gemensamt barn. Studien motiveras av att forskning kring homosexuella mäns föräldraskap är knapphändig, särskilt i svensk kontext. Intervjuerna har analyserats med hjälp av tematisk analys och utmynnade i tre huvudteman och tio underteman. Resultaten visar att det finns en tydlig barnlängtan bland de deltagande paren men att normativa, ekonomiska, praktiska, juridiska och sociala hinder är vanligt förekommande i deras strävan efter att bilda familj. Med hjälp av ett queerteoretiskt ramverk synliggörs att homosexuella mäns familjebildning påverkas av heteronormativitet, kärnfamiljsideal och normer inom gaycommunityt. Deras erfarenheter synliggör ett dubbelt utanförskap i relation till dessa motstridiga normsystem. Avsaknaden av en tydlig väg att gå resulterar i osäkerhet, komplexa överväganden och en känsla av att vara utelämnad till sitt eget öde. Resultaten och tidigare forskning pekar mot behovet av samhälleliga och normativa förändringar, ökad tillgång till information, positiva rollmodeller och lämpligt stöd längsmed vägen mot ett tänkt föräldraskap. Det kan på sikt främja och underlätta homosexuella mäns möjligheter till familjebildning bortom heteronormens snäva ramar. / For LGBTQ individuals, the paths to parenthood can look very different. For gay men, who lack the biological ability to become pregnant on their own, the options to becoming parents are particularly limited. Previous research also shows that gay men face many challenges and obstacles in their pursuit of parenthood. By analyzing eight semi-structured interviews, the purpose of this study was to investigate how gay men in same-sex relationships motivate their desire to have children, how they discuss and make decisions regarding their family formation, and to explore opportunities and obstacles on their path to parenthood. The study is motivated by the fact that research on gay men's parenthood is scarce, especially in a Swedish context. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis and resulted in three main themes and ten subthemes. The results show that the participating couples are longing to have children, but normative, economic, practical, legal, and social obstacles are common in their pursuits to start a family. With the help of a queer theoretical framework, the results show that gay men's family formation is influenced by heteronormativity, ideals regarding the nuclear family, and norms within the gay community. Their experiences highlight a double exclusion in relation to these conflicting normative systems. The lack of a clear path forward results in uncertainty, complex decision making, and a sense of being left to their own devices. The results from this study and previous research point to the need for societal and normative changes, increased access to information, positive role models, and appropriate support along the challenging path towards parenthood. This could, in turn, promote and facilitate gay men's opportunities for family formation beyond the narrow confinements of heteronormativity.

Thesis (MSc (Medical Virology )--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / 150 leaves printed on single pages, preliminary pages i-vii and numberd pages 1-143. Includes bibliography and figures digitized at 300 dpi grayscale and 300 dpi 24-bit Color to pdf format (OCR), using a Hp Scanjet 8250 Scanner and digitized at 600 dpi grayscale to pdf format (OCR), using a Bizhub 250 Konica Minolta Scanner. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The first episode of HIV-1 in South Africa was documented in 1982. Homosexual transmission of the virus was the predominate mode of transmission in an epidemic of mainly HIV-1 subtype Band D infections. To date, no full-length sequences of Subtype D strains from South Africa has been reported. Here we describe the characterization and some of the unique features of the Tygerberg HIV-1 subtype D strains. A near full-length 9 kb fragment was obtained through a one step PCR using high molecular weight DNA. Cloning was done successfully with the pCR-XLTapa cloning kit. Large quantities of plasmid DNA was grown and sequenced on both strands of the DNA. ORF determination and subtyping was followed by standard phylogenetic methods to construct evolutionary phylogenetic trees. Subtyping and similarity plots revealed that the sequences from Tygerberg are pure subtype D. All the Tygerberg strains had intact genes with no premature stop codons. At the tip of the V3 loop, the Tygerberg strains have the GOGO motif. R214 has a more variable vpu gene than the rest of the Tygerberg strains, but is still subtype D in this region. No premature stop codons have been observed in the tat gene and the glycosilation of the strains are less than the subtype D consensus. We are the first to report full-length sequences of HIV-1 subtype D strains from South Africa. The sequences represent non-mosaic genomes of subtype D. Our results confirm that the subtype D sequences from the beginning of the HIV-1 epidemic differ from the Subtype D sequences from recent isolates. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die eerste episode van HIV-1 infeksie in Suid Afrika is in 1982 gedokumenteer. Die epidemie het hoofsaaklik uit subtipe B en D bestaan en was deur homoseksuele kontak oorgedra. Geen vollengte subtipe D DNS volgordes van Suid-Afrika is tans beskryf nie. Hier beskryf ons die karakterisering van vollengte subtipe D stamme asook sommige van die unieke eienskappe van die virusse. Die vollengte 9 kb genoom volgorde was verkry deur 'n eenstap PKR reaksie met hoë molekulêre gewig DNS uit te voer. Die 9 kb fragment was suksesvol gekloneer met behulp van die peR-Xl-TOPO klonerings toetsstel. Groot hoeveelhede plasmied DNS was opgegroei en die nukleotied volgorde bepaal op beide stringe van die genoom. Die stamme was gesubtipeer en filogenetiese analise was uitgevoer met standaard metodes. Die volledige DNS volgordes was bepaal en subtipering het daarop gedui dat die stamme van Tygerberg suiwer subtipe D is. Geen premature stop kodons is in die nukleotied volgordes van die Tygerberg stamme gevind nie. By die draai van die varieerbare deel (V3) het al die Tygerberg stamme die GQGQ motief gehad. R214 het 'n meer varieerbare vpu geen, maar behoort steeds tot die subtipe D groep in die gedeelte. Daar was geen premature stop kodons in die tat geen gevind nie en die glikosilasie van die stamme is minder as die van die konsensus subtipe D stam. Ons is die eerste groep om vollengte subtipe D stamme van Suid-Afrika te karakteriseer. Die DNS volgordes verteenwoordig suiwer subtipe D genome. Ons resultate bevestig die van ander dat die nukleotied volgordes van die ouer subtipe D stamme verskil van die nuwer stamme.

This study is concerned with men's sexual fantasies content that appears either within partner's sexual lovemaking or during masturbation. Except fantasy description and classifying it also pays attention to the associations with sexual satisfaction. The study results have proved that they appear much more and in higher variety with masturbation. One of the most popular fantasies is lovemaking with the own partner. Most men state one deviant fantasy at least, homosexual fantasy is an ordinary phenomenon even with heterosexual men. From the point of sexual satisfaction some differences have been approved in the fantasy content in contrast with unsatisfied individuals. Sharing mutual fantasy with the own partner has been approved to be very important.

The focus of this work is to bring the idea of mindfulness closer, in terms of connection with other personality traits. Additionally it highlights the use of mindfulness in psychotherapy practice, specifically in regard to homosexually orientated clients. The study summarizes the main findings on the mindfulness phenomenon, highlighting the important aspects of adopting a new identity within this demographic. The study also monitors the connection of coming out process with particular aspects of mindfulness. In the empirical section the results of the FFMQ questionnaire, in which participated 294 persons of both male and female gender and of both heterosexual and homosexual orientation are compared using quantitative methods. By means of statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) it was determined that the homosexually orientated do not differ significantly from those of heterosexual orientation. Furthermore there was no significant statistical difference in mindfulness between genders within the research sample. Keywords: mindfulness, psychotherapy, mindfulness definitions, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, sexual orientation, coming out, homosexual identity, personality

Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T14:10:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Livia Cretaz.pdf: 1723058 bytes, checksum: 3405e7054752de8fa1c028d1e6384d88 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-27 / This research aims to discuss the relation between villainy, redemption and homosexuality through the character of Félix Khoury from the soap opera Amor à vida (Rede Globo, 2013). This work took as object readings from the character under discussion by members of the LGBT (Lesbian, Gays, Bisexuals and Transgender) Community in the city of Sao Paulo. The primary objective is to understand in which dimension the relation between communication, consumption, villainy and gender issues represented on the soap opera were appropriated by the LGBT Community. In parallel, the aim is to map the representations of homoeroticism in Brazilian soap operas; identifying which readings were made based on an homosexual as villain; investigating the repercussions of the male gay kiss on the soap opera in question and, finally, identify how the homoeroticism is characterized as textual appeal. The theoretical foundation was based on the fields of Communication, Reception, Consumption, Soap opera and Queer Teory. In order to conduct the research, we adopted a qualitative methodology from conducting focus group, where selected scenes were debated with the interviewees in accordance with the deliberated profile. The empirical research enabled to identify issues such as identification of character s family conflicts by the public, like the search for family acceptance, rejection of the stereotypical characterization of homosexual characters. / Esta pesquisa tem como tema a relação entre vilania, redenção e homossexualidade tendo como base o personagem Félix Khoury da telenovela Amor à vida (Rede Globo, 2013) e tomou como objeto as leituras realizadas a partir do personagem em questão por membros da Comunidade LGBT (Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis, Transgêneros e Transexuais) da cidade de São Paulo. O objetivo principal é entender de qual forma as relações entre comunicação, consumo, vilania e questões de gênero representadas na telenovela analisada foram apropriadas por integrantes desta Comunidade. Em paralelo, objetiva-se mapear as representações de homoerotismo nas telenovelas brasileiras; identificar quais leituras realizadas a partir de um personagem homossexual na posição de vilão; investigar a repercussão do beijo gay masculino em Amor à vida e, por fim, identificar como o homoerotismo se caracteriza como um apelo textual. A fundamentação teórica se ancorou nos campos da Comunicação, Recepção, Consumo, Telenovela e Teoria Queer. Para conduzir a pesquisa, foi adotada a metodologia qualitativa a partir da realização de grupos focais. Foram selecionadas cenas, as quais realizou-se apresentação e posterior debate com os entrevistados, de acordo com o perfil deliberado. A partir da pesquisa empírica, foi possível identificar questões como identificação dos conflitos familiares do personagem pelo público, a busca pela aceitação da família e a reprovação da caracterização estereotipada dos personagens homossexuais.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:30:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 George Moraes De Luiz.pdf: 2443589 bytes, checksum: 3737ca2ddc1c9d08f69f85d104e417c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This study is focused on risk management strategies in the Aids scenario. Risk management involves five integrated strategies: the safe ones, the laws of damage responsibility, direct government intervention, self-regulation and the communication of the risks. The notion of risk has been gradually changed into a less technical approach and as it was influenced by the sociological perspective developed by Ulrich Beck (1993) and Anthony Giddens (1991), it started to acquire critical character. In this context, risk is considered in its relation with the socio-political conditions of the late modernity societies. In the last two decades, anthropologist Mary Douglas (1982, 1985, 1987, 2000) has added cultural aspects to the discussion of risk evaluation, questioning the hegemony of the objectivists trends. To understand risk management, it is now taken into examination the practices of sex between two men in casual encounters or partnerships. The theories and methodologies on which this study is based are the concepts of sexual practices (PARKER, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2002,) and risky life styles (CASTIEL, 1996, 2006; SPINK, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2007). Through the technique known as snow ball, ten subjects were selected to be interviewed within the field of discursive practices from the perspective of quotidian conversations (SPINK, 2000). The information gathered leads us into thinking about the relation between social and cultural factors and the production of risky life styles. Another question is the assimilation of science-based data that is found within the quotidian social context and are interpreted as a potential source for risk management. It is also highlighted the usage of information that is not technically-based and is related to people s beliefs and values, or that exists in the quotidian social context and ends up being a part of the risk management repertoire. To summarize, it seems possible to state that when men who have sex with men choose to do so without using a prophylactic, they develop their own strategies with the intention of decreasing the possibility of STD/HIV infection and/or second infection by HIV, without basing themselves on official government prevention policies. The conclusion is that such pieces of information work as safety belts that allow them to take risks in a safe zone even in a scenario of incertitude / O presente estudo tem como foco as estratégias de gestão de riscos no cenário da aids. A gestão de riscos compreende cinco estratégias integradas: os seguros, as leis de responsabilização por danos, a intervenção governamental direta, a auto-regulação e a comunicação sobre os riscos. Aos poucos, a noção de risco passou a ser considerada menos tecnicamente, e, influenciada pela perspectiva sociológica conduzida por Ulrich Beck (1993) e Anthony Giddens (1991), passou a adotar caráter crítico. Nesse contexto, o risco passou a ser pensado em sua relação com as condições político-sociais das sociedades da modernidade tardia. Nas últimas duas décadas, a antropóloga Mary Douglas (1982, 1985, 1987, 2000) inseriu fatores culturais no debate da avaliação dos riscos, questionando a hegemonia das vertentes objetivistas. Elege-se para entender a gestão de riscos as práticas sexuais entre homens que fazem sexo com homens em parceira casual. O aporte teórico-metodológico que sustenta este trabalho está baseado nas noções de práticas sexuais (PARKER, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2002,) e estilos de vida arriscados (CASTIEL, 1996, 2006; SPINK, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2007). Para tanto, por meio da técnica snow ball, foram selecionados dez participantes que responderam a uma entrevista conduzida na vertente das práticas discursivas, na perspectiva de conversas no cotidiano (SPINK, 2000). As informações levantadas nos conduzem a pensar a relação entre fatores sócio-culturais e a produção de estilos de vida arriscados. Outra questão remete à assimilação de informações de base científica que circulam no cotidiano das pessoas e são interpretadas como potencial fonte na gestão de riscos. Destaca-se ainda o uso de informações que não possuem base científica, mas que estão relacionadas às crenças e aos valores das pessoas, ou que circulam no cotidiano e acabam por fazer parte dos repertórios de gestão de riscos. Em síntese, parece possível afirmar que homens que fazem sexo com homens, quando optam pela prática sexual sem preservativo com parceiro casual, desenvolvem suas próprias estratégias que visam mitigar a possibilidade de infecção por DST, HIV e/ou a reinfecção pelo HIV, sem basear-se necessariamente nas políticas oficiais de prevenção do governo. Conclui-se que essas informações servem como cintos de segurança , os quais permitem arriscar dentro de uma margem de segurança, mesmo que diante de um cenário de incertezas

This study focuses on how gay men communicate on the Grindr dating app. Prior research has been conducted on how gay men construct their online identities, however, few studies explore how gay men experience interactions online, negotiate their relationships with other men online, and perceive other users. The researcher conducted in-depth interviews with 20 men who use the Grinder app, a location-based dating app used by men who have sex with men. Additional data were collected by observing user profiles on the app, which is free and public. This comprehensive, qualitative study of gay men who use Grindr provides insights into identity construction, communication tactics, and users’ feelings about their encounters on the app.

The traditional notion of the Male Gaze, first conceptualized by feminist film critic Laura Mulvey in 1975, focused on the objectification of women through depictions structured to gratify a male heterosexual perspective. In this chapter we will revisit this concept and investigate how that gaze may have shifted away from a primarily heterosexual perspective to a socially dominant male perspective (maleness here referring to dominance rather than specific gender, just as “whiteness” might refer to privilege rather than race). With gender roles in an increasingly global and mobile society becoming more fluid and complex, opening up visibility to LGBTQ communities, along with a substantial post-feminist backlash, we will consider how the male gaze is shifting and how subsets of objectifying “gazes” might overlap. I will explore whether the traditional heterosexual male gaze has shifted due to power backlashes and other developments. New gaze developments may take the form of the “bromance” as well as athletics and advertising. Included in an investigation of this “dominant gaze” will be an exploration into the possibility of a lesbian and transgender gaze – does each subculture have the propensity to fall into this pattern of objectified looking and if so, where is the evidence and what are the implications? That evidence will be explored through photography, film, dance, and other visual media as this subject is expanded through the emergence of variant sexualities and gender identities.