El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) access is increasing in Latin America. We explored PrEP use among Spanish-speaking, Hornet geosocial networking application users from Latin American countries with limited PrEP data via an online survey completed between December 2018 and February 2019. A total of 718 Hornet users from 10 countries were included, of whom 72.1% reported PrEP awareness. Few (5.6%) were currently taking PrEP, though 32.1% intended to take PrEP in the subsequent 6 months. PrEP awareness was lower in 18–25 year olds compared to 26+ (62.4% vs. 75.6%, aOR 0.67, [95% CI 0.46–0.97]), and higher among those living in larger versus smaller cities (74.4% vs. 58.8%, aOR 1.96, [95% CI 1.25–3.07]) or countries with at least partial versus no PrEP policy adoption (79.1% vs. 60.8%, aOR 2.20, [95% CI 1.56–3.12]). Intention to use PrEP was higher among PrEP-eligible respondents (51.8% vs. 29.6%, aOR 2.26, [95% CI 1.26–4.07]) and those recently tested for a sexually transmitted infection (35.4% vs. 25.5%, aOR 1.58, [95% CI 1.01–2.48]). Efforts to expand PrEP use in Latin America should focus on national PrEP policy adoption, and research should explore barriers to awareness and use among young men who have sex with men. / National Institute of Mental Health / Revisión por pares

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Discrimination and inequality encountered by gays and lesbians in the United States is profuse. A cornerstone of the gay rights movement, equality in the workplace has been a pivotal struggle for gays and lesbians. This study examined the attitudes and opinions of registered nurses (RNs) regarding homosexuals in general and the protection of homosexuals in the workplace through a nondiscrimination policy. The author measured overall homophobic and discriminatory beliefs of the sample using the Attitudes Toward Lesbian and Gay Men (ATLG) Scale; the demographic questionnaire was infused with questions regarding a protective workplace policy. Using T-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and structural equation modeling (SEM), correlations between independent variables (gender, age, religious association, belief in the "free choice" model of homosexuality, education level, exposure to homosexuals through friends and/or family associations, race/ethnicity, and support or non-support of a workplace nondiscrimination policy protective of gay men and lesbians) with the dependent variable of homophobia were explored.

A collection of short stories and personal essays, Please Don’t Interrupt Me While I’m Ignoring You weaves a lamé of humor and private desperation on the page. An actor in one story craves career gratification, while a United Nations coordinator in another finds herself attracted to a nervous NGO. A housewife attempts to convince her husband to commit an infidelity, while an architect finds that his new pet companion isn’t helping him to get over his ex-girlfriend. Having a difficult time relating, these characters often find themselves stuck in a miscommunication loop, and their journey to get what they want is subtle. These stories are followed with essays about the author’s own experiences while he was stuck in a miscommunication loop. Driven by his obscene fear of conflict, the author chronicles what happens when conflict is inevitable. Travel and self-loathing abound in these narratives depicted with sensitivity and sarcasm—bitterness and love. Together they leave a lasting impression of the impermeability of worldly citizens, and the internalizations they have to combat to get there

Det har visats att homosexuella har sämre hälsa än övriga befolkningen, en bidragande orsak är diskriminering. Mer än en tredjedel av vårdpersonalen i Sverige skulle avstå från att vårda homosexuella om de fick valet. Syftet var att beskriva homosexuellas erfarenheter av vårdpersonalens bemötande vid kontakt med hälso- och sjukvården. Metoden utgjordes av en kvantitativ enkätstudie och distribuerats främst via sociala medier. Resultatet baseras på 66 st inkluderade enkäter. En öppen fråga har analyserats med manifest innehållsanalys och dess resultat har använts till att exemplifiera och validera det kvantitativa resultatet enligt mixad metod och triangulering. Resultatet visade att 50 % av informanterna, någon gång under de senaste tio åren, har upplevt negativt bemötande när de varit öppna med sin homosexuellitet vid kontakt med hälso- och sjukvården. Studien har också funnit att det är vanligare att de kvinnliga informanterna upplever negativt bemötande än de manliga informanterna. Tjugosju procent avstod från att berätta för hälso- och sjukvården om sin homosexualitet, då de var oroliga för att få en annan vård än om de inget berättar eller är oroliga för personalens reaktion. Fyrtiotvå procent skulle säga att de blev diskriminerade utifrån sin sexuella orientering. Diskussionen lyfter att de homosexuella i denna studie löper lika stor risk att diskrimineras när de besöker hälso- och sjukvården, som de gör i övriga samhället. En praktisk implikation av denna studie är att vårdpersonal behöver utbildning i frågor som rör homosexualitet, för att möjliggöra förbättring av vårdkvaliteten och folkhälsan för de homosexuella patienterna. / Homosexual's health has shown to be worst then the rest of the Swedish population. Discrimination is a part of that result. There has also been studies that show some nurses in Sweden would choose to refrain from nursing homosexual patients. The aim of this study is to describe homosexual's experiences of treatment in Swedish health care. The method used a quantitative questionnaire that has been distributed mostly through social media. An open question has been analysed with manifest content analysis and validates and exemplified the quantitative result according to mixed method and triangulation. The result shows that 50 % of the informants felt that they at some point during the latest ten years, been treated in a negative way in the Swedish health system, because they were homosexuals. We have found that women experience negative treatment more often than men. Twenty-seven percent of the informants would refrain from telling the healthcare personal that they were homosexual, because they were afraid to get another treatment or were afraid of the healthcare personals reaction. Forty-two percent would say they experienced discrimination in contact with the Swedish healthcare. The discussion shows that the homosexual informants in this study are at the same risk of discrimination as they are in rest of the society. One implication of this study is to educate nursing personal in question regarding homosexuality, to improve the quality of care and public health for the homosexual patients.

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As a result of society's heteronorm many homosexuals do not want to be open with their sexual orientation in the workplace. Healthcare in Sweden has been criticized as there is a general assumption among healthcare professionals that patients are heterosexual. As a result, homosexual patients have received inadequate treatment from healthcare staff. The purpose of the study is to research homosexual healthcare staff's perceptions of the organization's impact on inclusion based on sexual orientation. The purpose is also to study the healthcare staff's perception of being open with their sexual orientation towards work colleagues. How workplace norms affect the openness of homosexual healthcare staff regarding their sexual orientation to colleagues in the workplace is also researched. With the help of qualitative interviews with homosexual care staff, the purpose of the study can be answered. The heteronorm is not a new phenomenon and it still affects society today. However, society is not as heteronormative as before. Even though change has taken place, not all organizations work actively with inclusion based on sexual orientation in the workplace. Working with inclusion can be considered important as previous research shows that many homosexuals do not dare to be open with their sexual orientation in the workplace. The results of the study show that homosexual healthcare staff have different perceptions about being open with their sexual orientation towards work colleagues. There are occasions where the healthcare staff have experienced negative attitudes among colleagues towards homosexuality. But for the most part the healthcare staff have a positive perception of being open with their sexual orientation to work colleagues. / Samhällets heteronorm leder till att många homosexuella personer inte vågar vara öppna med sin sexuella läggning på arbetsplatsen. Sjukvården i Sverige har fått kritik då det finns ett generellt antagande hos vårdpersonal att patienter är heterosexuella. Till följd av det har homosexuella patienter fått ett bristande bemötande av vårdpersonal. Studiens syfte är att studera homosexuell vårdpersonals uppfattning av organisationens inverkan på inkludering utifrån sexuell läggning. Syftet är även att studera vårdpersonals uppfattning om att vara öppen med sin sexuella läggning för kollegor samt hur arbetsplatsens normer påverkar homosexuell vårdpersonals öppenhet med sin sexuella läggning för kollegor. Med hjälp av kvalitativa intervjuer med homosexuell vårdpersonal kan studiens syfte besvaras. Heteronormen är inget nytt fenomen och påverkar fortfarande samhället idag. Dock är samhället inte lika heteronormativt som förr. Trots att förändringar har skett arbetar inte alla organisationer aktivt med inkludering utifrån sexuell läggning på arbetsplatser. Inkluderingsarbete kan anses viktigt då tidigare forskning visar att många homosexuella inte vågar vara öppna med sin sexuella läggning på arbetsplatsen. Studiens resultat visar att homosexuell vårdpersonal har olika uppfattningar om att vara öppen med sin sexuella läggning för kollegor. Det finns enstaka tillfällen då vårdpersonal upplevt negativa attityder från kollegor på grund av homosexualiteten. Men för det mesta har vårdpersonalen en positiv uppfattning om att vara öppen med sin sexuella läggning för kollegor.

Mental health risks within the adult male homosexual population have been researched; however no comprehensive synthesis of research findings was identified. The purpose of this research was to synthesize current research findings of mental health risks among the male homosexual population. This was limited to international studies conducted between 2003-2008 focusing on suicide, Eating Disorders, and Depression. These findings may serve as an educational resource for nurses and healthcare providers. Findings indicated that homosexual men are at an increased risk for suicide, Eating Disorders, and Depression. Several possible causes were identified, such as internalized homophobia, minority stress, social isolation, gender role orientation, community pressure, and comorbidity with mental health disorders. Limitations included small sample sizes, with limited age and ethnic diversity. Non probability sampling and lack of consistency in measurement of research variables limited the generalizability of the findings. Nursing education and practice should emphasize culturally-competent care and specific healthcare needs of this population. A focus on assessment and awareness of healthcare risks may be beneficial. Recommendations for future research include large, probability samples, and possibly population-based surveys. Research should focus on stressors and protective factors to formulate culturally sensitive interventions. Clinical trials of interventions are needed to form evidence-based practice guidelines.

Text in Afrikaans / It is alarming that psychologists are in many cases insufficiently trained with regard to homosexuality. Against this background and on the basis of a literature study and empirical research, this study aims to provide guidelines to educational psychologists on working with homosexual clients. Within the Educational Psychology, a person's self actualisation rests on three pilars, namely experience, meaning assignation and involvement. The premise of the qualitative research (focus group interviews) used in this study is homosexual persons' experience of psychologists - the investigation was therefore approached from an Educational Psychology viewpoint. Altogether 75% of the focus group respondents' experience of psychologists was negative. The possibility exists that insufficient training may cause insufficient knowledge and insight, which in turn may lead to homosexual persons' negative experiences of psychologists. It is therefore imperative that the aspect of training of psychologists with regard to homosexuality will receive attention. / Educational Studies / M.Ed.